Optical System Design 2nd Edition by Robert Fischer, Biljana Tadic Galeb, Paul Yoder – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0071472487, 9780071472487
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ISBN 10: 0071472487
ISBN 13: 9780071472487
Author: Robert Fischer, Biljana Tadic Galeb, Paul Yoder
Learn advanced optical design techniques from the field’s most respected guide Honed for more than 20 years in an SPIE professional course taught by renowned optical systems designer Robert E. Fischer, Optical System Design, Second Edition brings you the latest cutting-edge design techniques and more than 400 detailed diagrams that clearly illustrate every major procedure in optical design. This thoroughly updated resource helps you work better and faster with computer-aided optical design techniques, diffractive optics, and the latest applications, including digital imaging, telecommunications, and machine vision. No need for complex, unnecessary mathematical derivations-instead, you get hundreds of examples that break the techniques down into understandable steps. For twenty-first century optical design without the mystery, the authoritative Optical Systems Design, Second Edition features: Computer-aided design use explained through sample problems Case studies of third-millennium applications in digital imaging, sensors, lasers, machine vision, and more New chapters on optomechanical design, systems analysis, and stray-light suppression New chapter on polarization including lots of really useful information New and expanded chapter on diffractive optics Techniques for getting rid of geometrical aberrations Testing, tolerancing, and manufacturing guidance Intelligent use of aspheric surfaces in optical design Pointers on using off-the-shelf optics Basic optical principles and solutions for common and advanced design problems
Optical System Design 2nd Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Basic Optics and Optical System Specifications
1.1 The Purpose of an Imaging Optical System
1.2 How to Specify Your Optical System: Basic Parameters
1.3 Basic Definition of Terms
1.4 Useful First-Order Relationships
Chapter 2: Stops and Pupils and Other Basic Principles
2.1 The Role of the Aperture Stop
2.2 Entrance and Exit Pupils
2.3 Vignetting
Chapter 3: Diffraction, Aberrations, and Image Quality
3.1 What Image Quality Is All About
3.2 What Are Geometrical Aberrations and Where Do They Come From?
3.3 What Is Diffraction?
3.4 Diffraction-Limited Performance
3.5 Derivation of System Specifications
Chapter 4: The Concept of Optical Path Difference
4.1 Optical Path Difference (OPD) and the Rayleigh Criteria
4.2 Peak-to-Valley and RMS Wavefront Error
4.3 The Wave Aberration Polynomial
4.4 Depth of Focus
Chapter 5: Review of Specific Geometrical Aberrations and How to Get Rid of Them
5.1 Spherical Aberration
5.2 Coma
5.3 Astigmatism
5.4 Field Curvature and the Role of Field Lenses
5.5 Distortion
5.6 Axial Color
5.7 Lateral Color
5.8 Parametric Analysis of Aberrations Introduced by Plane Parallel Plates
Chapter 6: Glass Selection (Including Plastics)
6.1 Material Properties Overview
6.2 The Glass Map and Partial Dispersion
6.3 Parametric Examples of Glass Selection
6.4 How to Select Glass
6.5 Plastic Optical Materials
6.6 A Visual Aid to Glass Selection
Chapter 7: Spherical and Aspheric Surfaces
7.1 Definition of an Aspheric Surface
7.2 Conic Surfaces
7.3 Application of Aspheric Surfaces in Reflective and Refractive Systems
7.4 Guidelines in the Use of Aspheric Surfaces
7.5 Specification of Aspheric Surfaces
Chapter 8: Design Forms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 System Configurations for Refractive Systems
8.3 System Configurations for Reflective Systems
8.4 Reflective Systems, Relative Merits
8.5 Refractive Systems, Relative Merits
8.6 Mirrors and Prisms
8.7 Design of Visual Systems
Chapter 9: The Optical Design Process
9.1 What Do We Do When We Optimize a Lens System?
9.2 How Does the Designer Approach the Optical Design Task?
9.3 Sample Lens Design Problem
Chapter 10: Computer Performance Evaluation
10.1 What Is Meant by Performance Evaluation
10.2 What Is Resolution?
10.3 Ray Trace Curves
10.4 Spot Diagrams
10.5 Optical Path Difference
10.6 Encircled Energy
10.7 MTF
Chapter 11: Gaussian Beam Imagery
11.1 Beam Waist and Beam Divergence
11.2 Collimation of Laser Beams
11.3 Propagation of Gaussian Beams and Focusing into a Small Spot
11.4 Truncation of a Gaussian Beam
11.5 Application of Gaussian Beam Optics in Laser Systems
11.6 F-θ Lenses in Laser Scanners
Chapter 12: Basics of Thermal Infrared Imaging in the 3- to 5- and 8- to 12-μm Spectral Bands
12.1 The Basics of Thermal Infrared Imaging
12.2 The Dewar, Cold Stop, and Cold Shield
12.3 Cold Stop Efficiency
12.4 Scanning Methods
12.5 IR Materials
12.6 Reduced Aberrations with IR Materials
12.7 Image Anomalies
12.8 Athermalization
12.9 System Design Examples
12.10 Optical Systems for the UV
Chapter 13: Diffractive Optics
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Many Faces of Diffractive Optics
13.3 What Design and Modeling Tools Should I Use?
13.4 How Are Diffractives Fabricated?
13.5 Where Are Diffractives Used?
13.6 References
Chapter 14: Design of Illumination Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Köhler and Abbe Illumination
14.3 Optical Invariant and Etendue
14.4 Other Types of Illumination Systems
Chapter 15: Performance Evaluation and Optical Testing
15.1 Testing with the Standard 1951 U.S. Air Force Target
15.2 The Modulation Transfer Function
15.3 Interferometry
15.4 Other Tests
Chapter 16: Tolerancing and Producibility
16.1 Introduction
16.2 What Are Testplates and Why Are They Important?
16.3 How to Tolerance an Optical System
16.4 How Image Degradations from Different Tolerances Are Summed
16.5 Forms of Tolerances
16.6 Adjusting Parameters
16.7 Typical Tolerances for Various Cost Models
16.8 Example of Tolerance Analysis
16.9 Surface Irregularities
16.10 How Does Correlation Relate to Performance?
16.11 Effect to Spot Diameter
16.12 Effect to MTF: The Optical Quality Factor
16.13 Beam Diameter and Surface Irregularity
16.14 The Final Results
Chapter 17: Optomechanical Design
17.1 Environmental Considerations
17.2 Applicable Design Guidelines
17.3 Environmental Testing Methods
17.4 Mechanical Parameters and Properties
17.5 Typical Mechanical Property Values for Selected Materials
17.6 Structural Design
17.7 Vibration, Self-Weight Deflection, and Fundamental Frequency
17.8 Shock
17.9 Rigid Housing Configurations
17.10 Modular Construction
17.11 Support Structure Configurations
17.12 Establishing Axial and Lateral Preload Requirements
17.13 Spherical and Crowned Lens Rims
17.14 Interfaces for Other Optical Components
17.15 Individual Lens Mounting Techniques
17.16 Surface Contact Interface Shapes
17.17 Mounting Windows, Shells, and Domes
17.18 Stress Consequences of Axial Preload
17.19 Temperature Effects on Axial Preload
17.20 Radial Stresses and Their Variations with Temperature
17.21 Bending Effects in Rotationally Symmetric Optics
17.22 Multiple-Component Lens Assemblies
17.23 Incorporating Prisms into the Design
17.24 Mirror Mountings
17.25 Mechanical Athermalization Techniques
17.26 References
Chapter 18: Optical Manufacturing Considerations
18.1 Material
18.2 Manufacturing
18.3 Special Fabrication Considerations
18.4 Relative Manufacturing Cost
18.5 Sourcing Considerations
18.6 Conclusion
Chapter 19: Polarization Issues in Optical Design
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Introduction to Polarization
19.3 The Mathematical Description of Polarized Light
19.4 Some Polarization Phenomena
19.5 Polarization Control Nuts and Bolts
19.6 Polarization Analysis of an Optical System
19.7 Minimizing Polarization Problems in Optical Design
19.8 Polarization as a Tool in Optical System Design
19.9 Summary
19.10 Bibliography
Chapter 20: Optical Thin Films
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Designing Optical Coatings
20.3 Various Categories of Optical Coatings
20.4 Optical Coating Process
20.5 Coating Performance Versus Number of Layers
20.6 Specifying Coating Requirements
20.7 Relationship Between Production Cost, Tolerances, and Quality
20.8 Bibliography
Chapter 21: Hardware Design Issues
21.1 Off-the-Shelf Optics
21.2 How to Effectively Work with Off-the-Shelf Optics
21.3 Working with Off-the-Shelf Singlets and Doublets
21.4 Example of Lens Used at Conjugates Different from What It Was Designed
21.5 Pupil Matching
21.6 Development of a Lab Mockup Using Off-the-Shelf Optics
21.7 Stray Light Control
21.8 Optomechanical Design
Chapter 22: Lens Design Optimization Case Studies
22.1 Error Function Construction
22.2 Achromatic Doublet Lens Design
22.3 Double Gauss Lens Design
22.4 Digital Camera Lens
22.5 Binocular Design
22.6 Parametric Design Study of Simple Lenses Using Advanced Manufacturing Methods
22.7 Design Data for Double Gauss
Chapter 23: Optical Sensor Systems Modeling and Analysis
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Image Formation
23.3 Detector Arrays
23.4 Optical System Noise Characteristics
23.5 Color Sensors
23.6 Electronic Correction
23.7 Camera Connectivity
23.8 Bibliography
Chapter 24: Stray Light and Optical Scattering
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Stray Light Scatter Sources
24.3 Types of Scatter
24.4 Modeling and Analysis Techniques
24.5 Veiling Glare
24.6 Cleanliness
24.7 Suppression Techniques
24.8 Bright Field and Dark Field
24.9 How to Avoid Unwanted Stray Light
24.10 Bibliography
Chapter 25: Bloopers and Blunders in Optics
25.1 Distortion in a 1:1 Imaging Lens
25.2 Zoom Periscope
25.3 Sign of Distortion
25.4 Lens Elements That Are Not Necessary
25.5 Pupil Problems
25.6 Not Enough Light
25.7 Athermalization Using Teflon
25.8 Athermalization Specifications
25.9 Bad Glass Choice
25.10 Elements in Backward
25.11 Insufficient Sampling of Fields of View or Aperture
25.12 Images Upside Down or Rotated
25.13 The Hubble Telescope Null Lens Problem
25.14 Wrong Glass Type in a Precision Lens System
25.15 Single Use Camera with a Diffractive Achromat
25.16 Wrong Image Handedness
25.17 Cemented Triplet as Part of an Imaging System
25.18 Total Internal Reflection in a Cube Beamsplitter
25.19 Diffractive Optics Issues
25.20 Case of the Miscoated Mangin
25.21 Telescopes and Polarization
Chapter 26: Rule of Thumb and Hints
26.1 General Optical Design Topics
26.2 Optomechanical Topics
26.3 Diffractive Optics
Glossary
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