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The Circulation of Children Kinship Adoption and Morality in Andean Peru 1st edition by Jessaca Leinaweaver ISBN 0822341970 9780822341970

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ISBN 10: 0822341970
ISBN 13: 9780822341970
Author: Jessaca Leinaweaver

In this vivid ethnography, Jessaca B. Leinaweaver explores “child circulation,” informal arrangements in which indigenous Andean children are sent by their parents to live in other households. At first glance, child circulation appears tantamount to child abandonment. When seen in that light, the practice is a violation of international norms regarding children’s rights, guidelines that the Peruvian state relies on in regulating legal adoptions. Leinaweaver demonstrates that such an understanding of the practice is simplistic and misleading. Her in-depth ethnographic analysis reveals child circulation to be a meaningful, pragmatic social practice for poor and indigenous Peruvians, a flexible system of kinship that has likely been part of Andean lives for centuries. Child circulation may be initiated because parents cannot care for their children, because a childless elder wants company, or because it gives a young person the opportunity to gain needed skills. Leinaweaver provides insight into the emotional and material factors that bring together and separate indigenous Andean families in the highland city of Ayacucho. She describes how child circulation is intimately linked to survival in the city, which has had to withstand colonialism, economic isolation, and the devastating civil war unleashed by the Shining Path. Leinaweaver examines the practice from the perspective of parents who send their children to live in other households, the adults who receive them, and the children themselves. She relates child circulation to international laws and norms regarding children’s rights, adoptions, and orphans, and to Peru’s history of racial conflict and violence. Given that history, Leinaweaver maintains that it is not surprising that child circulation, a practice associated with Peru’s impoverished indigenous community, is alternately ignored, tolerated, or condemned by the state.

The Circulation of Children Kinship Adoption and Morality in Andean Peru 1st Table of contents:

  1. INTRODUCTION: MOVING CHILDREN IN AYACUCHO
  2. CHILD CIRCULATION: AN AHISTORY
  3. THE TRAFFIC IN CHILDREN: COMPADRAZGO AS SOCIAL ANALOGY
  4. THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELATEDNESS
  5. STRUCTURAL AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE: HISTORIES OF RACE AND CLASS
  6. A NOTE ON METHODS
  7. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
  8. ONE. AYACUCHO: HISTORIES OF VIOLENCE AND ETHNOGRAPHY
  9. A BRIEF HISTORY OF VIOLENCE
  10. RINCÓN DE LOS MUERTOS: AYACUCHO IN THE PERUVIAN IMAGINARY
  11. SOCOS, PROVINCE OF HUAMANGA, DEPARTMENT OF AYACUCHO
  12. IN MEMORY: JOSEFA
  13. AYACUCHO AS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SITE
  14. COMING TO TERMS
  15. TWO. INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION: THE GLOBALIZATION OF KINSHIP
  16. JUMPING THROUGH HOOPS: HOW ADULTS BECOME POTENTIAL PARENTS
  17. PRODUCING ADOPTABLE CHILDREN
  18. THE SETTING: WHEN PARENT MEETS CHILD
  19. THE LEGAL BACKGROUND: BEST INTERESTS
  20. NEGOTIATING THE IRREGULAR: A TRAFFIC REPORT
  21. CONCLUSIONS: THE WORKINGS OF ADOPTION
  22. THREE. PUERICULTURE AND ANDEAN ORPHANHOOD
  23. THE BIRTH OF THE ORPHANAGE
  24. A TOUR OF THE PREMISES
  25. ORPHANS AND PERFORMATIVITY
  26. A SOCIAL HISTORY OF PERUVIAN ORPHANHOOD
  27. THE POSTWAR ORPHAN
  28. CONCLUSIONS: PHILANTHROPY OR RECIPROCITY?
  29. FOUR. COMPANIONSHIP AND CUSTOM: THE MECHANICS OF CHILD CIRCULATION
  30. ACOMPAÑAR: THE MORALITY OF ACCOMPANIMENT
  31. THE COMPLEX PRECEDENTS OF ACOMPAÑAR
  32. THE TASKS OF COMPANIONSHIP: CHILD LABOR
  33. THE PRICE OF COMPANIONSHIP: THE PROPINA
  34. THE PROCESS OF KINSHIP: GETTING ACCUSTOMED, BECOMING FAMILIAR
  35. THE ETHICS OF ACOSTUMBRAR: DE-KINNING AND THE DANGER OF LOSS
  36. CONCLUSIONS
  37. FIVE. SUPERACIÓN: THE STRATEGIC USES OF CHILD CIRCULATION
  38. FALTA DE ECONOMÍA: AN ECONOMIC LACK
  39. SUPERARSE: AN IDEOLOGY OF BETTERMENT
  40. CIRCULATION WRIT LARGE: MIGRATIONS AS SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
  41. GROUNDING CHILD CIRCULATION: SUPERARSE AS EDUCATION, AND EDUCATIONAL
  42. LABOR, EXPLOITATION, TRAFFIC
  43. THE GENDERED DYNAMICS OF CHILD CIRCULATION
  44. THE RELATIONAL CONTEXT OF SUPERACIÓN: UNHAPPILY STRIVING
  45. CONCLUSIONS: PROGRESS AND RELATEDNESS
  46. SIX. PERTENECER: KNOWLEDGE AND KINSHIP
  47. TOGETHERNESS, AND BLOOD: THE PRODUCTION OF CARIñO
  48. “LIKE A DAUGHTER”
  49. DOCUMENTS: LAST NAMES AND OTHER ARCHIVES OF IDENTITY
  50. WHO’S WHO: A CONCLUDING STORY
  51. SEVEN. CIRCULATING CHILDREN, AT HOME AND ABROAD
  52. CIVIL WAR, TRANSNATIONAL ADOPTION, AND THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ABANDONMENT
  53. A RETURN TO THE ARCHIVE
  54. GLOSSARY
  55. NOTES
  56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 

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Tags: Jessaca Leinaweaver, The Circulation, Andean Peru