Induction Machines Handbook Transients Control Principles Design and Testing 3rd edition by Ion Boldea ISBN 0367466183 9780367466183

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ISBN 10: 0367466183
ISBN 13: 9780367466183
Author: Ion Boldea

Induction Machines Handbook: Transients, Control Principles, Design and Testing presents a practical up-to-date treatment of intricate issues with induction machines (IM) required for design and testing in both rather constant- and variable-speed (with power electronics) drives. It contains ready-to-use industrial design and testing knowledge, with numerous case studies to facilitate a thorough assimilation of new knowledge. Individual Chapters 1 through 14 discuss in detail the following: Three- and multiphase IM transients Single-phase source IM transients Super-high-frequency models and behavior of IM Motor specifications and design principles IM design below 100 kW and constant V1 and f1 IM design above 100 kW and constant V1 and f1 IM design principles for variable speed Optimization design Single-phase IM design Three-phase IM generators Single-phase IM generators Linear induction motors Testing of three-phase IMs Single-phase IM testing Fully revised and amply updated to add the new knowledge of the last decade, this third edition includes special sections on Multiphase IM models for transients Doubly fed IMs models for transients Cage-rotor synchronized reluctance motors Cage-rotor PM synchronous motor Transient operation of self-excited induction generator Brushless doubly fed induction motor/generators Doubly fed induction generators with D.C. output Linear induction motor control with end effect Recent trends in IM testing with power electronics Cage-PM rotor line-start IM testing Linear induction motor (LIM) testing This up-to-date book discusses in detail the transients, control principles, and design and testing of various IMs for line-start and variable-speed applications in various topologies, with numerous case studies. It will be of direct assistance to academia and industry in conceiving, designing, fabricating, and testing IMs (for the future) of various industries, from home appliances, through robotics, e-transport, and renewable energy conversion.

Induction Machines Handbook Transients Control Principles Design and Testing 3rd Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Induction Machine Transients

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Phase-Coordinate Model

1.3 The Complex Variable Model

1.4 Steady State by the Complex Variable Model

1.5 Equivalent Circuits for Drives

1.6 Electrical Transients with Flux Linkages as Variables

1.7 Including Magnetic Saturation in the Space-Phasor Model

1.8 Saturation and Core Loss Inclusion into the State-Space Model

1.9 Reduced-Order Models

1.9.1 Neglecting Stator Transients

1.9.2 Considering Leakage Saturation

1.9.3 Large Machines: Torsional Torque

1.10 The Sudden Short Circuit at Terminals

1.11 Most Severe Transients (So Far)

1.12 The abc-d-q Model for PWM Inverter-Fed IMs

1.12.1 Fault Conditions

1.13 First-Order Models of IMs for Steady-State Stability in Power Systems

1.14 Multimachine Transients

1.15 Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR)

1.16 The M/Nr Actual Winding Modelling for Transients

1.17 Multiphase Induction Machines Models for Transients

1.17.1 The Six-Phase Machine

1.17.2 The Five-Phase Machine

1.18 Doubly Fed Induction Machine Models for Transients

1.19 Cage-Rotor Synchronized Reluctance Motors

1.20 Cage Rotor PM Synchronous Motors

1.21 Summary

References

Chapter 2 Single-Phase IM Transients

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The d-q Model Performance in Stator Coordinates

2.3 Starting Transients

2.4 The Multiple-Reference Model for Transients

2.5 Including the Space Harmonics

2.6 Summary

References

Chapter 3 Super-High-Frequency Models and Behaviour of IMs

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Three High-Frequency Operation Impedances

3.3 The Differential Impedance

3.4 Neutral and Common Mode Impedance Models

3.5 The Super-High-Frequency Distributed Equivalent Circuit

3.6 Bearing Currents Caused by PWM Inverters

3.7 Ways to Reduce PWM Inverter Bearing Currents

3.8 Summary

References

Chapter 4 Motor Specifications and Design Principles

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Typical Load Shaft Torque/Speed Envelopes

4.3 Derating due to Voltage Time Harmonics

4.4 Voltage and Frequency Variation

4.5 Specifying Induction Motors for Constant V and f

4.6 Matching IMs to Variable Speed/Torque Loads

4.7 Design Factors

4.7.1 Costs

4.7.2 Material Limitations

4.7.3 Standard Specifications

4.7.4 Special Factors

4.8 Design Features

4.9 The Output Coefficient Design Concept

4.10 The Rotor Tangential Stress Design Concept

4.11 Summary

References

Chapter 5 IM Design below 100 KW and Constant V and f (Size Your Own IM)

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Design Specifications by Example

5.3 The Algorithm

5.4 Main Dimensions of Stator Core

5.5 The Stator Winding

5.6 Stator Slot Sizing

5.7 Rotor Slots

5.8 The Magnetization Current

5.9 Resistances and Inductances

5.9.1 Skewing Effect on Reactances

5.10 Losses and Efficiency

5.11 Operation Characteristics

5.12 Temperature Rise

5.13 Summary

References

Chapter 6 Induction Motor Design above 100 KW and Constant V and f (Size Your Own IM)

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Medium-Voltage Stator Design

6.2.1 Main Stator Dimensions

6.2.2 Stator Main Dimensions

6.2.3 Core Construction

6.2.4 The Stator Winding

6.3 Low-Voltage Stator Design

6.4 Deep Bar Cage Rotor Design

6.4.1 Stator Leakage Reactance Xsl

6.4.2 The Rotor Leakage Inductance Lrl

6.5 Double-Cage Rotor Design

6.5.1 Working Cage Sizing

6.6 Wound Rotor Design

6.6.1 The Rotor Back Iron Height

6.7 IM with Wound Rotor-Performance Computation

6.7.1 Magnetization mmfs

6.7.2 The Airgap Fg

6.7.3 The Stator Teeth mmf

6.7.4 Rotor Tooth mmf (Ftr) Computation

6.7.5 Rotor Back Iron mmf Fcr (as for the Stator)

6.7.6 The Rotor Winding Parameters

6.7.7 The Rotor Slot Leakage Geometrical Permeance Coefficient Ksr

6.7.8 Losses and Efficiency

6.7.9 The Machine Rated Efficiency ηn

6.7.10 The Rated Slip Sn (with Short-Circuited Slip Rings)

6.7.11 The Breakdown Torque

6.8 Summary

References

Chapter 7 Induction Machine Design for Variable Speed

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Power and Voltage Derating

7.3 Reducing the Skin Effect in Windings

7.3.1 Rotor Bar Skin Effect Reduction

7.4 Torque Pulsations Reduction

7.5 Increasing Efficiency

7.6 Increasing the Breakdown Torque

7.7 Wide Constant Power Speed Range via Voltage Management

7.8 Design for High- and Super-High-Speed Applications

7.8.1 Electromagnetic Limitations

7.8.2 Rotor Cooling Limitations

7.8.3 Rotor Mechanical Strength

7.8.4 The Solid Iron Rotor

7.8.5 21 kW, 47,000 rpm, 94% Efficiency with Laminated Rotor

7.9 Sample Design Approach for Wide Constant Power Speed Range

7.9.1 Solution Characterization

7.10 Summary

References

Chapter 8 Optimization Design Issues

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Essential Optimization Design Methods

8.3 The Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier Method (ALMM)

8.4 Sequential Unconstrained Minimization

8.5 Modified Hooke–Jeeves Method

8.6 Genetic Algorithms

8.6.1 Reproduction (Evolution and Selection)

8.6.2 Crossover

8.6.3 Mutation

8.6.4 GA Performance Indices

8.7 Summary

References

Chapter 9 Single-Phase IM Design

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Sizing the Stator Magnetic Circuit

9.3 Sizing the Rotor Magnetic Circuit

9.4 Sizing the Stator Windings

9.5 Resistances and Leakage Reactances

9.6 The Magnetization Reactance xmm

9.7 The Starting Torque and Current

9.8 Steady-State Performance around Rated Power

9.9 Guidelines for a Good Design

9.10 Optimization Design Issues

9.11 Two-Speed PM Split-Phase Capacitor Induction/Synchronous Motor

9.11.1 Pole-Changing and Using Permanent Magnets

9.11.2 The Chosen Geometry

9.11.3 Experimental Results

9.11.4 Theoretical Characterization: Steady-State Model and Optimal Design

9.11.5 Steady-State Model

9.11.6 Optimal Design

9.11.7 2D FEM Investigations

9.11.8 Proposed Circuit Model for Transients and Simulation Results

9.11.9 Conclusion

9.12 Summary

References

Chapter 10 Three-Phase Induction Generators

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) Modelling

10.3 Steady-State Performance of SEIG

10.4 The Second-Order Slip Equation Model for Steady State

10.5 Steady-State Characteristics of SEIG for Given Speed and Capacitor

10.6 Parameter Sensitivity in SEIG Analysis

10.7 Pole Changing SEIGs

10.8 Unbalanced Steady-State Operation of SEIG

10.8.1 The Delta-Connected SEIG

10.8.2 Star-Connected SEIG

10.8.3 Two Phases Open

10.9 Transient Operation of SEIG

10.10 SEIG Transients with Induction Motor Load

10.11 Parallel Operation of SEIGs

10.12 The Doubly Fed IG (DFIG) Connected to the Grid

10.12.1 Basic Equations

10.12.2 Steady-State Operation

10.13 DFIG Space-Phasor Modelling for Transients and Control

10.14 Reactive-Active Power Capability of DFIG

10.15 Stand-alone DFIGs

10.16 DSW Cage and Nested-Cage Rotor Induction Generators

10.17 DFIG with Diode-Rectified Output

10.18 Summary

References

Chapter 11 Single-Phase Induction Generators

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Steady-State Model and Performance

11.3 The d-q Model for Transients

11.4 Expanding the Operation Range with Power Electronics

11.5 Summary

References

Chapter 12 Linear Induction Motors

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Classifications and Basic Topologies

12.3 Primary Windings

12.4 Transverse Edge Effect in Double-Sided LIM

12.4.1 The Transverse Edge Effect Correction Coefficients

12.5 Transverse Edge Effect in Single-Sided LIM

12.6 A Technical Theory of LIM Longitudinal End Effects

12.7 Longitudinal End-Effect Waves and Consequences

12.8 Secondary Power Factor and Efficiency

12.9 The Optimum Goodness Factor

12.10 Linear Flat Induction Actuators (No Longitudinal End Effect)

12.10.1 The Equivalent Circuit

12.10.2 Performance Computation

12.10.3 Normal Force in Single-Sided Configurations

12.10.4 A Numerical Example

12.10.5 Design Methodology by Example

12.10.6 The Ladder Secondary

12.11 Tubular LIAs

12.11.1 A Numerical Example

12.12 Short-Secondary Double-Sided LIAs

12.13 Linear Induction Motors for Urban Transportation

12.13.1 Specifications

12.13.2 Data from Past Experience

12.13.3 Objective Functions

12.13.4 Typical Constraints

12.13.5 Typical Variables

12.13.6 The Analysis Model

12.13.7 Discussion of Numerical Results

12.14 Transients and Control of LIMs

12.15 LIM Control with Dynamic Longitudinal End Effect

12.16 Electromagnetic Induction Launchers

12.17 Summary

References

Chapter 13 Testing of Three-Phase IMs

13.1 Loss Segregation Tests

13.1.1 The No-Load Motor Test

13.1.2 Stray Losses from No-Load Overvoltage Test

13.1.3 Stray Load Losses from the Reverse Rotation Test

13.1.4 The Stall Rotor Test

13.1.5 No-Load and Stall Rotor Tests with PWM Converter Supply

13.1.6 Loss Measurement by Calorimetric Methods

13.2 Efficiency Measurements

13.2.1 IEEE Standard 112–1996

13.2.2 IEC Standard 34–2

13.2.3 Efficiency Test Comparisons

13.2.4 The Motor/Generator Slip Efficiency Method

13.2.5 The PWM Mixed-Frequency Temperature Rise and Efficiency Tests (Artificial Loading)

13.2.5.1 The Accelerating-Decelerating Method

13.2.5.2 The PWM Dual Frequency Test

13.3 The Temperature-Rise Test via Forward Short-circuit (FSC) Method

13.4 Parameter Estimation Tests

13.4.1 Parameter Calculation from No-Load and Standstill Tests

13.4.2 The Two-Frequency Standstill Test

13.4.3 Parameters from Catalogue Data

13.4.4 Standstill Frequency Response Method

13.4.5 The General Regression Method for Parameters Estimation

13.4.6 Large IM Inertia and Parameters from Direct Starting Acceleration and Deceleration Data

13.5 Noise and Vibration Measurements: From No Load to Load

13.5.1 When On-Load Noise Tests Are Necessary?

13.5.2 How to Measure the Noise On-Load

13.6 Recent Trends in IM Testing

13.7 Cage-PM Rotor Line-Start IM Testing

13.8 Linear Induction Motor (LIM) Testing

13.9 Summary

References

Chapter 14 Single-Phase IM Testing

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Loss Segregation in Split-Phase and Capacitor-Start IMs

14.3 The Case of Closed Rotor Slots

14.4 Loss Segregation in Permanent Capacitor IMs

14.5 Speed (Slip) Measurements

14.6 Load Testing

14.7 Complete Torque–Speed Curve Measurements

14.8 Summary

References

Index

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