Physics of the Earth 4th Edition by Frank Stacey, Paul Davis – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1107299627 , 9781107299627
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ISBN 10: 1107299627
ISBN 13: 9781107299627
Author: Frank Stacey, Paul Davis
The fourth edition of Physics of the Earth maintains the original philosophy of this classic graduate textbook on fundamental solid earth geophysics, while being completely revised, updated, and restructured into a more modular format to make individual topics even more accessible. Building on the success of previous editions, which have served generations of students and researchers for nearly forty years, this new edition will be an invaluable resource for graduate students looking for the necessary physical and mathematical foundations to embark on their own research careers in geophysics. Several completely new chapters have been added and a series of appendices, presenting fundamental data and advanced mathematical concepts, and an extensive reference list, are provided as tools to aid readers wishing to pursue topics beyond the level of the book. Over 140 student exercises of varying levels of difficulty are also included, and full solutions are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521873628.
Physics of the Earth 4th Table of contents:
1 Origin and history of the Solar System
1.1 Preamble
1.2 Planetary orbits: the Titius–Bode law
1.3 Axial rotations
1.4 Distribution of angular momentum
1.5 Satellites
1.6 Asteroids
1.7 Meteorites: falls, finds and orbits
1.8 Cosmic ray exposures of meteorites and the evidence of asteroidal collisions
1.9 The Poynting–Robertson and Yarkovsky effects
1.10 Parent bodies of meteorites and their cooling rates
1.11 Magnetism in meteorites
1.12 Tektites
1.13 The Kuiper belt, comets, meteors and interplanetary dust
1.14 The terrestrial planets: some comparisons
1.15 Early history of the Moon
2 Composition of the Earth
2.1 Preamble
2.2 Meteorites as indicators of planetary compositions
2.3 Irons and stony-irons
2.4 Ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites
2.5 Achondrites
2.6 The solar atmosphere
2.7 The mantle
2.8 The core
2.9 The crust
2.10 The oceans
2.11 Water in the Earth
2.12 The atmosphere: a comparison with the other terrestrial planets
3 Radioactivity, isotopes and dating
3.1 Preamble
3.2 Radioactive decay
3.3 A decay clock: 14C dating
3.4 Accumulation clocks: K-Ar and U-He dating
3.5 Fission tracks
3.6 The use of isochrons: Rb-Sr dating
3.7 U-Pb and Pb-Pb methods
3.8 147Sm-143Nd and other decays
3.9 Isotopic fractionation
4 Isotopic clues to the age and origin of the Solar System
4.1 Preamble
4.2 The pre-nuclear age problem
4.3 Meteorite isochrons and the age of the Earth
4.4 Dating the heavy elements: orphaned decay products
4.5 Isotopic variations of pre-Solar System origin
4.6 Sequence of events in Solar System formation
5 Evidence of the Earth’s evolutionary history
5.1 Preamble
5.2 Argon and helium outgassing and the Earth’s potassium content
5.3 Evolution of the crust
5.4 Separation of the core
5.5 The fossil record: crises and extinctions
6 Rotation, figure of the Earth and gravity
6.1 Preamble
6.2 Gravitational potential of a nearly spherical body
6.3 Rotation, ellipticity and gravity
6.4 The approach to equilibrium ellipticity
7 Precession, wobble and rotational irregularities
7.1 Preamble
7.2 Precession of the equinoxes
7.3 The Chandler wobble
7.4 Length-of-day (LOD) variations
7.5 Coupling of the core to rotational variations
8 Tides and the evolution of the lunar orbit
8.1 Preamble
8.2 Tidal deformation of the Earth
8.3 Tidal friction
8.4 Evolution of the lunar orbit
8.5 The Roche limit for tidal stability of a satellite
8.6 The multiple moons hypothesis
9 The satellite geoid, isostasy, post-glacial rebound and mantle viscosity
9.1 Preamble
9.2 The satellite geoid
9.3 The principle of isostasy
9.4 Gravity anomalies and the inference of internal structure
9.5 Post-glacial isostatic adjustment
9.6 Rebound and the variation in ellipticity
10 Elastic and inelastic properties
10.1 Preamble
10.2 Elastic moduli of an isotropic solid
10.3 Crystals and elastic anisotropy
10.4 Relaxed and unrelaxed moduli of a composite material
10.5 Anelasticity and the damping of elastic waves
10.6 Inelasticity, creep and flow
10.7 Frequency dependent elasticity and the dispersion of body waves
11 Deformation of the crust: rock mechanics
11.1 Preamble
11.2 The tensor representation of stress and strain
11.3 Hooke’s law in three dimensions
11.4 Tractions, principal stresses and rotation of axes
An example in two dimensions
Rotation of stress or strain tensors
The Mohr Circle
11.5 Crustal stress and faulting
11.6 Crustal stress: measurement and analysis
12 Tectonics
12.1 Preamble
12.2 Wadati–Benioff zones and subduction
12.3 Spreading centres and magnetic lineations
12.4 Plate motions and hot spot traces
12.5 The pattern of mantle convection
12.6 Tectonic history and mantle heterogeneity
13 Convective and tectonic stresses
13.1 Preamble
13.2 Convective energy, stress and mantle viscosity
13.3 Buoyancy forces in deep mantle plumes
13.4 Topographic stress
13.5 Stress regimes of continents and ocean floors
13.6 Coulombic thrust wedges
14 Kinematics of the earthquake process
14.1 Preamble
14.2 Earthquakes as dislocations
14.3 Generalized seismic moment
14.4 First motion studies
14.5 Rupture models and the spectra of seismic waves
14.6 Earthquake magnitude and energy
14.7 The distribution of earthquake sizes
14.8 Tsunamis
14.9 Microseisms
15 Earthquake dynamics
15.1 Preamble
15.2 Stress fields of earthquakes
15.3 Fault friction and earthquake nucleation: the quasi-static regime
15.4 The dynamic regime
15.5 Omori’s aftershock law
15.6 Stress drop and radiated energy
15.7 Foreshocks and prediction ideas
16 Seismic wave propagation
16.1 Preamble
16.2 Body waves
16.3 Attenuation and scattering
16.4 Reflection and transmission coefficients at a plane boundary
16.5 Surface waves
16.6 Free oscillations
16.7 The moment tensor and synthetic seismograms
17 Seismological determination of Earth structure
17.1 Preamble
17.2 Refraction in a plane layered Earth
17.3 Refraction in a spherically layered Earth
17.4 Travel times and the velocity distribution
17.5 Earth models: density variation in a homogeneous layer
17.6 Internal structure of the Earththe broad picture
17.7 Boundaries and discontinuities
17.8 Lateral heterogeneity: seismic tomography
17.9 Seismic anisotropy
18 Finite strain and high-pressure equations of state
18.1 Preamble
18.2 High-pressure experiments and their interpretation
18.3 The appeal to atomic potentials
18.4 Finite strain approaches
18.5 Derivative equations
18.6 Thermodynamic constraints
18.7 Finite strain of a composite material
18.8 Rigidity modulus at high pressure
18.9 A comment on application to the Earth’s deep interior
19 Thermal properties
19.1 Preamble
19.2 Specific heat
19.3 Thermal expansion and the Grüneisen parameter
19.4 Melting
19.5 Adiabatic and melting point gradients
19.6 Thermal conduction
19.7 Temperature dependences of elastic moduli: thermal interpretation of tomography
19.8 Anharmonicity
20 The surface heat flux
20.1 Preamble
20.2 The ocean floor heat flux
20.3 The continental heat flux
20.4 Lithospheric thickness
20.5 Climatic effects
21 The global energy budget
21.1 Preamble
21.2 Radiogenic heat
21.3 Thermal contraction, gravitational energy and the heat capacity
21.4 Energy balance of the core
21.5 Minor components of the energy budget
22 Thermodynamics of convection
22.1 Preamble
22.2 Thermodynamic efficiency, buoyancy forces and convective power
22.3 Convection through phase transitions
22.4 Thermodynamic efficiency of mantle convection and tectonic power
22.5 Why are mantle phase boundaries sharp?
22.6 Compositional convection in the core
22.7 Thermodynamic efficiency of core convection and dynamo power
22.8 Refrigerator action in the core
23 Thermal history
23.1 Preamble
23.2 The rate of heat transfer to the oceans
23.3 The heat balance equation and mantle rheology
23.4 Thermal history of the mantle
23.5 Cooling history of the core
24 The geomagnetic field
24.1 Preamble
24.2 The pattern of the field
24.3 The secular variation and the electrical conductivity of the mantle
24.4 Electrical conductivity of the core
24.5 The dynamo mechanism
24.6 The westward drift and inner core rotation
24.7 Dynamo energy and the toroidal field
24.8 Magnetic fields of other planets
25 Rock magnetism and paleomagnetism
25.1 Preamble
25.2 Magnetic properties of minerals and rocks
25.3 Secular variation and the axial dipole hypothesis
25.4 Geomagnetic reversals
25.5 Paleointensity – the strength of the ancient field
25.6 Polar wander and continental drift
26 ‘Alternative’ energy sources and natural climate variations: some geophysical background
26.1 Preamble
26.2 Natural energy dissipations
26.3 ‘Alternative’ energy sources: possibilities and consequences
26.4 Orbital modulation of insolation and solar variability
26.5 A concluding comment regarding ‘alternative’ energies
Appendix A: General reference data
Appendix B: Orbital dynamics (Kepler’s laws)
Appendix C: Spherical harmonic functions
Appendix D: Relationships between elastic moduli of an isotropic solid
Appendix E: Thermodynamic parameters and derivative relationships
Appendix F: An Earth model: mechanical properties
Appendix G: A thermal model of the Earth
Appendix H: Radioactive isotopes
Appendix I: A geologic time scale
Appendix J: Problems
References
Name index
Subject index
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Tags: Frank Stacey, Paul Davis, the Earth