Alzheimer’s Disease Life Course Perspectives Risk Reduction 1st edition by Amy Borenstein, James Mortimer – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0128045381, 9780128045381
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ISBN 10: 0128045381
ISBN 13: 9780128045381
Author: Amy Borenstein, James Mortimer
Alzheimer’s Disease: Lifecourse Perspectives on Risk Reduction summarizes the growing body of knowledge on the distribution and causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in human populations, providing the reader with knowledge on how we define the disease and what its risk and protective factors are in the context of a life-course approach.
At the conclusion of the book, the reader will understand why Alzheimer’s disease likely begins at conception, then progresses through early-life and adult risk factors that ultimately impact the balance between pathologic insults in the brain and the ability of the brain to modify disease symptoms. In contrast to edited volumes that may have little cohesion, this book focuses on an integrated life-course approach to the epidemiology of dementia, in particular, Alzheimer’s disease.
- Reviews the current science surrounding Alzheimer’s disease
- Provides a primer of foundational knowledge on the disease’s epidemiology and biostatistics
- Utilizes a life-course approach, providing a novel and integrated view of the evolution of this illness from genes to brain reserve
- Uses the ‘threshold model’—a theory first described by Dr. Mortimer and widely accepted today—which incorporates the idea of risk factors for the pathology and expression of the disease
- Proposes that improving brain health through modifiable behaviors can delay disease onset until a later age
- Examines the future of prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, a subject of great current interest
Alzheimer’s Disease Life Course Perspectives Risk Reduction 1st Table of contents:
Section I: Defining a Case
Chapter 1. The “First” Case
Abstract
Chapter 2. Clinical Appearance, Progression, and Classification
Abstract
What is Dementia?
Course and Progression of Dementia
Clinical Research Criteria for Dementia
Clinical Research Criteria for other Dementias
Clinical Research Criteria for AD (NINCDS-ADRDA)
Clinical Research Criteria for VaD (NINDS-AIREN)
ICD9/10: Another Method of Classifying Dementia
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Classification of MCI and Dementia Using Neuropsychological Testing
Need for Standardization
Chapter 3. Epidemiologic Definition of a Case
Abstract
Chapter 4. Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Clinicopathologic Studies
Criteria for Neuropathologic AD
Continuous Measures of Neuropathologic Severity
Population Attributable Fraction of Pathologies in the Causation of Dementia
Is Neuropathologic AD an Inevitable Outcome of Aging?
Do Women Have More Alzheimer’s Pathology Than Men?
Clinicopathologic Studies Provide Information About the Pathogenesis of Dementia
MRI–Neuropathologic Associations
Is Atrophy the Final Common Pathway Linking Brain Pathology with Dementia?
Comments
Chapter 5. The Threshold Model of Dementia
Abstract
The Threshold Model of Dementia
What Is Reserve and How Can We Measure it?
Section II: Descriptive Epidemiology
Chapter 6. The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Case Definition and Detection
Prevalence of AD in the United States
Worldwide Prevalence Rates of AD and Dementia
Prevalence of MCI
Methodological Issues in Prevalence Studies
Prevalence Rates by Age
Prevalence Rates by Sex
Prevalence of AD and Other Subtypes
Prevalence and Race Or Ethnicity
Prevalence and Place
Chapter 7. The Incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Incidence Rates by Age and Sex
Incidence and Race
Incidence and Place
Incidence and Time Trends
Chapter 8. Survival and Mortality in Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
AD in the Top 10 Leading Causes of Death
Competing Causes of Death
Section III: Analytic Epidemiology
Chapter 9. Introduction to the Analytic Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
History and Methodological Aspects of Analytic Studies of AD: Case–Control Studies
Prospective Cohort Studies
A Third Set of Risk Factors for AD
Chapter 10. Family History, Genetics, and Down Syndrome
Abstract
Early Family Studies
Case–Control Studies and Family History of Dementia
Cohort Studies and Family History of Dementia
How Genetic is Alzheimer’s Disease?
Familial AD and the Discovery of Genetic Mutations
Other Susceptiblity Genetic Variants
Down Syndrome
Chapter 11. Early-Life Factors
Abstract
The Life Course Approach
Birth Order and Sibship Size
Birth Weight
Early-Life Brain Development
Early-Life Body Growth
Early-Life Socioeconomic Conditions
Education and Intelligence
Idea Density in Early Adulthood
Chapter 12. Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
Case-Control Studies of Head Trauma and AD
Cohort Studies of Head Trauma and AD
Mechanisms
Population Attributable Fraction for Head Trauma
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Chapter 13. Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
Abstract
Cigarette Smoking
Alcohol Consumption
Chapter 14. Vascular Disease
Abstract
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cholesterol
Obesity
Other Vascular Risks
Chapter 15. Diet
Abstract
Measurement of Diet
Observational Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials
Vitamins C, E, and β-Carotene
B Vitamins, Folate, and Plasma Homocysteine
Vitamin D
Polyphenols, Fruits, and Vegetables
Fats
Critique of the Single Nutrient Approach
Caloric Restriction (CR)
Dietary Patterns (DP)
Chapter 16. Physical Activity
Abstract
Methods of Assessing Physical Activity in Epidemiologic Studies
Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance
Animal Studies of Physical Activity and Cognition
Physical Fitness
Physical Activity and Brain Volume
Mechanisms
Effects of Exercise on Neurotrophins
Intensity and Duration Versus Variety of Exercise
The Role of Exercise in the Prevention of AD—An Update
Chapter 17. Cognitive Activity
Abstract
Cohort and Case–Control Studies
Cognitive Training and Cognitive Stimulation in Healthy Older Adults
Cognitive Activity and Changes in Brain Volume
Mechanisms
Are Physical and Mental Exercise Synergistic?
Chapter 18. Social Engagement
Abstract
Methodological Problems in Studying Social Engagement as a Risk Factor for AD
Social Engagement as a Contributor to Reserve
Findings in Selected Cohort Studies
Marriage, Widowhood, and Living Alone
Social Engagement and Dementia: Is the Association Due to Reverse Causation?
Loneliness
Social Engagement and Atrophy
Schema for Social Engagement
A Multimodal Prevention Study
Remaining Questions
Chapter 19. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Anticholinergic Medications
Abstract
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Anticholinergic Drugs and the Risk for Incident Dementia
Section IV: Epidemiologic and Biologic Markers
Chapter 20. Prodromal Markers of Disease or Causal Risk Factors? Depression, Olfaction, and Subjective Memory Complaints
Abstract
Depression
Olfaction
Subjective Memory Complaints
Chapter 21. Fluid, Imaging, and Cognitive Biomarkers
Abstract
Present Status of Biomarkers
Validation of Alzheimer Biomarkers
Cognitive Biomarkers
Combinations of Biomarkers
The Future of Biomarker Research
Section V: Future Steps
Chapter 22. Risk Assessment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Modification of Pathology
Modifiable Risk Factors That Influence Reserve
Multimodal Prevention
Preclinical Detection
Chapter 23. Summary and Recommendations
Abstract
Two Approaches to Prevention
The Future of Observational and Experimental Studies of AD
Exposures Likely Have Critical Time Windows
Prevention of AD at the Population and Individual Level
References
Index
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Tags: Amy Borenstein, James Mortimer, Alzheimer’s Disease, Course Perspectives