Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics 2nd edition by Geoffrey Vallis – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1108162272 , 9781108162272
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ISBN 10: 1108162272
ISBN 13: 9781108162272
Author: Geoffrey Vallis
The atmosphere and ocean are two of the most important components of the climate system, and fluid dynamics is central to our understanding of both. This book provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the field that blends classical results with modern interpretations. It takes the reader seamlessly from the basics to the frontiers of knowledge, from the equations of motion to modern theories of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. These concepts are illustrated throughout the book with observations and numerical examples. As well as updating existing chapters, this full-color second edition includes new chapters on tropical dynamics, El Niño, the stratosphere and gravity waves. Supplementary resources are provided online, including figures from the book and problem sets, making this new edition an ideal resource for students in the atmospheric, oceanic and climate sciences, as well as in applied mathematics and engineering.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics 2nd Table of contents:
Part I Fundamentals of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 1 Equations of Motion
1.1 TIME DERIVATIVES FOR FLUIDS
1.2 THE MASS CONTINUITY EQUATION
1.3 THE MOMENTUM EQUATION
1.4 THE EQUATION OF STATE
1.5 THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
1.6 THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS FOR FLUIDS
1.7 THERMODYNAMICS OF SEAWATER
1.8 SOUND WAVES
1.9 COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
1.10 THE ENERGY BUDGET
1.11 AN INTRODUCTION TO NONDIMENSIONALIZATION AND SCALING
APPENDIX A: THERMODYNAMICS OF AN IDEAL GAS FROM THE GIBBS FUNCTION
APPENDIX B: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR FLUIDS
Chapter 2 Effects of Rotation and Stratification
2.1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN A ROTATING FRAME
2.2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES
2.3 CARTESIAN APPROXIMATIONS: THE TANGENT PLANE
2.4 EQUATIONS FOR A STRATIFIED OCEAN: THE BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION
2.5 EQUATIONS FOR A STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE: THE ANELASTIC APPROXIMATION
2.6 PRESSURE AND OTHER VERTICAL COORDINATES
2.7 SCALING FOR HYDROSTATIC BALANCE
2.8 GEOSTROPHIC AND THERMAL WIND BALANCE
2.9 GRADIENT WIND BALANCE
2.10 STATIC INSTABILITY AND THE PARCEL METHOD
APPENDIX A: ASYMPTOTIC DERIVATION OF THE BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS
Chapter 3 Shallow Water Systems
3.1 DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE SHALLOW LAYER OF FLUID
3.2 REDUCED GRAVITY EQUATIONS
3.3 MULTI-LAYER SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS
3.4 FROM CONTINUOUS STRATIFICATION TO SHALLOW WATER
3.5 GEOSTROPHIC BALANCE AND THERMAL WIND
3.6 FORM STRESS
3.7 CONSERVATION PROPERTIES OF SHALLOW WATER SYSTEMS
3.8 SHALLOW WATER WAVES
3.9 GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT
3.10 ISENTROPIC COORDINATES
3.11 AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY
Chapter 4 Vorticity and Potential Vorticity
4.1 VORTICITY AND CIRCULATION
4.2 THE VORTICITY EQUATION
4.3 VORTICITY AND CIRCULATION THEOREMS
4.4 VORTICITY EQUATION IN A ROTATING FRAME
4.5 POTENTIAL VORTICITY CONSERVATION
4.6 POTENTIAL VORTICITY IN THE SHALLOW WATER SYSTEM
4.7 POTENTIAL VORTICITY IN APPROXIMATE, STRATIFIED MODELS
4.8 THE IMPERMEABILITY OF ISENTROPES TO POTENTIAL VORTICITY
Chapter 5 Geostrophic Theory
5.1 GEOSTROPHIC SCALING
5.2 THE PLANETARY-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS
5.3 THE SHALLOW WATER QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS
5.4 THE CONTINUOUSLY STRATIFIED QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC SYSTEM
5.5 QUASI-GEOSTROPHY AND ERTEL POTENTIAL VORTICITY
5.6 ENERGETICS OF QUASI-GEOSTROPHY
5.7 THE EKMAN LAYER
Part II Waves, Instabilities and Turbulence
Chapter 6 Wave Fundamentals
6.1 FUNDAMENTALS AND FORMALITIES
6.2 GROUP VELOCITY
6.3 RAY THEORY
6.4 ROSSBY WAVES
6.5 ROSSBY WAVES IN STRATIFIED QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC FLOW
6.6 ENERGY PROPAGATION AND REFLECTION OF ROSSBY WAVES
6.7 GROUP VELOCITY, REVISITED
6.8 ENERGY PROPAGATION OF POINCARÉ WAVES
APPENDIX A: THE WKB APPROXIMATION FOR LINEAR WAVES
Chapter 7 Gravity Waves
7.1 SURFACE GRAVITY WAVES
7.2 SHALLOW WATER WAVES ON FLUID INTERFACES
7.3 INTERNAL WAVES IN A CONTINUOUSLY STRATIFIED FLUID
7.4 INTERNAL WAVE REFLECTION
7.5 INTERNAL WAVES IN A FLUID WITH VARYING STRATIFICATION
7.6 INTERNAL WAVES IN A ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE
7.7 TOPOGRAPHIC GENERATION OF INTERNAL WAVES
7.8 ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES IN AN IDEAL GAS
Chapter 8 Linear Dynamics at Low Latitudes
8.1 CO-EXISTENCE OF ROSSBY AND GRAVITY WAVES
8.2 WAVES ON THE EQUATORIAL BETA PLANE
8.3 RAY TRACING AND EQUATORIAL TRAPPING
8.4 FORCED-DISSIPATIVE WAVELIKE FLOW
8.5 FORCED, STEADY FLOW: THE MATSUNO–GILL PROBLEM
APPENDIX A: NONDIMENSIONALIZATION AND PARABOLIC CYLINDER FUNCTIONS
APPENDIX B: MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS IN THE MATSUNO–GILL PROBLE
Chapter 9 Barotropic and Baroclinic Instability
9.1 KELVIN–HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY
9.2 INSTABILITY OF PARALLEL SHEAR FLOW
9.3 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR INSTABILITY
9.4 BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY
9.5 THE EADY PROBLEM
9.6 TWO-LAYER BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY
9.7 A KINEMATIC VIEW OF BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY
9.8 THE ENERGETICS OF LINEAR BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY
9.9 BETA, SHEAR AND STRATIFICATION IN A CONTINUOUS MODEL
Chapter 10 Waves, Mean-Flows, and their Interaction
10.1 QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC WAVE–MEAN-FLOW INTERACTION
10.2 THE ELIASSEN–PALM FLUX
10.3 THE TRANSFORMED EULERIAN MEAN
10.4 THE NON-ACCELERATION RESULT
10.5 INFLUENCE OF EDDIES ON THE MEAN-FLOW IN THE EADY PROBLEM
10.6 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR INSTABILITY
10.7 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR INSTABILITY: USE OF PSEUDOENERGY
Chapter 11 Basics of Incompressible Turbulence
11.1 THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM OF TURBULENCE
11.2 THE KOLMOGOROV THEORY
11.3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE
11.4 PREDICTABILITY OF TURBULENCE
11.5 SPECTRA OF PASSIVE TRACERS
Chapter 12 Geostrophic Turbulence and Baroclinic Eddies
12.1 DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE
12.2 STRATIFIED GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE
12.3 A SCALING THEORY FOR GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE
12.4 PHENOMENOLOGY OF BAROCLINIC EDDIES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN
Chapter 13 Turbulent Diffusion and Eddy Transport
13.1 DIFFUSIVE TRANSPORT
13.2 TURBULENT DIFFUSION
13.3 TWO-PARTICLE DIFFUSIVITY
13.4 MIXING LENGTH THEORY
13.5 HOMOGENIZATION OF A SCALAR THAT IS ADVECTED AND DIFFUSED
13.6 DIFFUSIVE FLUXES AND SKEW FLUXES
13.7 EDDY DIFFUSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN
13.8 THICKNESS AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIFFUSION
Part III Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation
Chapter 14 The Overturning Circulation: Hadley and Ferrel Cells
14.1 BASIC FEATURES OF THE ATMOSPHERE
14.2 A STEADY MODEL OF THE HADLEY CELL
14.3 A SHALLOW WATER MODEL OF THE HADLEY CELL
14.4 ASYMMETRY AROUND THE EQUATOR
14.5 EDDY EFFECTS ON THE HADLEY CELL
14.6 NON-LOCAL EDDY EFFECTS AND NUMERICAL RESULTS
14.7 THE FERREL CELL
Chapter 15 Zonally-Averaged Mid-Latitude Atmospheric Circulation
15.1 SURFACE WESTERLIES AND THE MAINTENANCE OF A BAROTROPIC JET
15.2 LAYERED MODELS OF THE MID-LATITUDE CIRCULATION
15.3 EDDY FLUXES AND AN EXAMPLE OF A CLOSED MODEL
15.4 A STRATIFIED MODEL AND THE REAL ATMOSPHERE
15.5 TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT AND THE STRATIFICATION OF THE TROPOSPHERE
15.6 A MODEL FOR BOTH STRATIFICATION AND TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT
APPENDIX A: TEM FOR THE PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES
Chapter 16 Planetary Waves and Zonal Asymmetries
16.1 ROSSBY WAVE PROPAGATION IN A SLOWLY VARYING MEDIUM
16.2 HORIZONTAL PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES
16.3 CRITICAL LINES AND CRITICAL LAYERS
16.4 A WKB WAVE–MEAN-FLOW PROBLEM FOR ROSSBY WAVES
16.5 VERTICAL PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES
16.6 VERTICAL PROPAGATION OF ROSSBY WAVES IN SHEAR
16.7 FORCED AND STATIONARY ROSSBY WAVES
16.8 EFFECTS OF THERMAL FORCING
16.9 WAVE PROPAGATION USING RAY THEORY
Chapter 17 The Stratosphere
17.1 A DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW
17.2 WAVES IN THE STRATOSPHERE
17.3 WAVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION
17.4 PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE RESIDUAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION
17.5 DYNAMICS OF THE RESIDUAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION
17.6 THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION
17.7 VARIABILITY AND EXTRA-TROPICAL WAVE–MEAN-FLOW INTERACTION
Chapter 18 Water Vapour and the Tropical Atmosphere
18.1 A MOIST IDEAL GAS
18.2 THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
18.3 ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION
18.4 CONVECTION IN A MOIST ATMOSPHERE
18.5 RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM
18.6 RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM
18.7 VERTICALLY-CONSTRAINED EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR LARGE SCALES
18.8 SCALING AND BALANCED DYNAMICS FOR LARGE-SCALE FLOW IN THE TROPICS
18.9 SCALING AND BALANCE FOR LARGE-SCALE FLOW WITH DIABATIC SOURCES
18.10 CONVECTIVELY COUPLED GRAVITY WAVES AND THE MJO
APPENDIX A: MOIST THERMODYNAMICS FROM THE GIBBS FUNCTION
APPENDIX B: EQUATIONS OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER
APPENDIX C: ANALYTIC APPROXIMATION OF TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT
Part IV Large-Scale Oceanic Circulation
Chapter 19 Wind-Driven Gyres
19.1 THE DEPTH INTEGRATED WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION
19.2 USING VISCOSITY INSTEAD OF DRAG
19.3 ZONAL BOUNDARY LAYERS
19.4 THE NONLINEAR PROBLEM
19.5 INERTIAL SOLUTIONS
19.6 TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ON WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS
Chapter 20 Structure of the Upper Ocean
20.1 VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION
20.2 A MODEL WITH CONTINUOUS STRATIFICATION
20.3 OBSERVATIONS OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY
20.4 THE MAIN THERMOCLINE
20.5 SCALING AND SIMPLE DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN THERMOCLINE
20.6 THE INTERNAL THERMOCLINE
20.7 THE VENTILATED THERMOCLINE
APPENDIX A: MISCELLANEOUS RELATIONSHIPS IN A LAYERED MODEL
Chapter 21 The Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
21.1 SIDEWAYS CONVECTION
21.2 THE MAINTENANCE OF SIDEWAYS CONVECTION
21.3 SIMPLE BOX MODELS
21.4 A LABORATORY MODEL OF THE ABYSSAL CIRCULATION
21.5 A MODEL FOR OCEANIC ABYSSAL FLOW
21.6 A MODEL OF DEEP WIND-DRIVEN OVERTURNING
21.7 THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT
21.8 A DYNAMICAL MODEL OF THE RESIDUAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION
21.9 A MODEL OF THE INTERHEMISPHERIC CIRCULATION
Chapter 22 Equatorial Circulation and El Niño
22.1 OBSERVATIONAL PRELIMINARIES
22.2 DYNAMICAL PRELIMINARIES
22.3 A LOCAL MODEL OF THE EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT
22.4 AN IDEAL FLUID MODEL OF THE EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT
22.5 AN INTRODUCTION TO EL NIÑO AND THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
22.6 THE WALKER CIRCULATION
22.7 THE OCEANIC RESPONSE
22.8 COUPLED MODELS AND UNSTABLE INTERACTIONS
22.9 SIMPLE CONCEPTUAL AND NUMERICAL MODELS OF ENSO
22.10 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS
APPENDIX A: DERIVATION OF A DELAYED-OSCILLATOR MODEL
References
Index
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