Principles of Human Physiology 6th Global Edition by Cindy Stanfield 1292156481‎ 978-1292156484

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1292156481

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1292156484

Author:   Cindy Stanfield 

Principles of Human Physiology, 6th Edition uses a precise and clear-cut writing style to offer lasting comprehension for Human Physiology students, extending to real-life application in the field. The 6th Edition provides essential digital resources to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The exceptional art program is consistent, scientifically accurate, and visually appealing. Stanfield’s renowned flexible pedagogy allows instructors to choose what is essential to students when mapping out their course

 

Principles of Human Physiology 6th Table of contents:

1 Introduction to Physiology

1.1 Organization of the Body

Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

The Overall Body Plan: A Simplified View

1.2 Homeostasis: A Central Organizing Principle of Physiology

Negative Feedback Control in Homeostasis

1.3 The Diabetes Epidemic

Prevalence of Diabetes

Obesity and Diabetes

Classification of Diabetes

Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Chapter Summary

Exercises

2 The Cell Structure and Function

2.1 Biomolecules

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

Lipids

Amino Acids and Proteins

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

2.2 Cell Structure

Structure of the Plasma Membrane

Structure of the Nucleus

Contents of the Cytosol

Structure of Membranous Organelles

Structure of Nonmembranous Organelles

2.3 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions

Tight Junctions

Desmosomes

Gap Junctions

2.4 General Cell Functions

Metabolism

Cellular Transport

Intercellular Communication

2.5 Protein Synthesis

The Role of the Genetic Code

Transcription

Destination of Proteins

Post-translational Processing and Packaging of Proteins

Regulation of Protein Synthesis

Protein Degradation

2.6 Cell Division

Replication of DNA

The Cell Cycle

Chapter Summary

Exercises

3 Cell Metabolism

3.1 Types of Metabolic Reactions

Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions

Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation Reactions

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

3.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy

Energy and the Laws of Thermodynamics

Energy Changes in Reactions

Activation Energy

3.3 Reaction Rates

Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions

The Role of Enzymes in Chemical Reactions

3.4 ATP: The Medium of Energy Exchange

3.5 Glucose Oxidation: The Central Reaction of Energy Metabolism

Coupling Glucose Oxidation to ATP Synthesis

3.6 Stages of Glucose Oxidation: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Glycolysis

The Krebs Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Electron Transport Chain

Summary of Glucose Oxidation

Glucose Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen

3.7 Energy Storage and Use: Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

Glycogen Metabolism

Gluconeogenesis: Formation of New Glucose

Fat Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Chapter Summary

Exercises

4 Cell Membrane Transport

4.1 Factors Affecting the Direction of Transport

Passive Transport Versus Active Transport

Driving Forces Acting on Molecules

4.2 Rate of Transport

4.3 Passive Transport

Simple Diffusion: Passive Transport Through the Lipid Bilayer

Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Utilizing Membrane Proteins

Diffusion Through Channels

4.4 Active Transport

Primary Active Transport

Secondary Active Transport

Factors Affecting Rates of Active Transport

Coexistence of Active and Passive Transport Mechanisms in Cells

4.5 Osmosis: Passive Transport of Water Across Membranes

Osmolarity

Osmotic Pressure

Tonicity

4.6 Transport of Material Within Membrane-Bound Compartments

Transport of Molecules into Cells by Endocytosis

Transport of Molecules Out of Cells by Exocytosis

4.7 Epithelial Transport: Movement of Molecules Across Two Membranes

Epithelial Solute Transport

Epithelial Structure

Epithelial Water Transport

Transcytosis

Chapter Summary

Exercises

5 Chemical Messengers

5.1 Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication

Direct Communication Through Gap Junctions

Indirect Communication Through Chemical Messengers

5.2 Chemical Messengers

Functional Classification of Chemical Messengers

Chemical Classification of Messengers

Synthesis and Release of Chemical Messengers

Transport of Messengers

5.3 Signal Transduction Mechanisms

Properties of Receptors

Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Responses Mediated by Intracellular Receptors

Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Responses Mediated by Membrane-Bound Receptors

5.4 Long-Distance Communication via the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Chapter Summary

Exercises

6 The Endocrine System:Endocrine Glandsand Hormone Actions

6.1 Primary Endocrine Organs

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands

Thymus

Adrenal Glands

Pancreas

Gonads

6.2 Secondary Endocrine Organs

6.3 Hormone Actions at the Target Cell

Control of Hormone Levels in Blood

6.4 Abnormal Secretion of Hormones

6.5 Hormone Interactions

Chapter Summary

Exercises

7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

7.1 Overview of the Nervous System

7.2 Cells of the Nervous System

Neurons

Glial Cells

7.3 Establishment of the Resting Membrane Potential

Determining the Equilibrium Potentials for Potassium and Sodium Ions

Resting Membrane Potential of Neurons

Neurons at Rest

7.4 Electrical Signaling Through Changes in Membrane Potential

Describing Changes in Membrane Potential

Graded Potentials

Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

7.5 Maintaining Neural Stability

Chapter Summary

Exercises

8 Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

8.1 Electrical Synapses

8.2 Chemical Synapses

Functional Anatomy of Chemical Synapses

Signal Transduction Mechanisms at Chemical Synapses

Excitatory Synapses

Inhibitory Synapses

8.3 Neural Integration

Summation

Frequency Coding

8.4 Presynaptic Modulation

Presynaptic Facilitation

Presynaptic Inhibition

8.5 Neurotransmitters: Structure, Synthesis, and Degradation

Acetylcholine

Biogenic Amines

Purines

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

Neuropeptides

Unique Neurotransmitters

Chapter Summary

Exercises

9 The Nervous System:Central Nervous System

9.1 General Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

Glial Cells

Physical Support of the Central Nervous System

Blood Supply to the Central Nervous System

The Blood-Brain Barrier

Gray Matter and White Matter

9.2 The Spinal Cord

Spinal Nerves

Spinal Cord Gray and White Matter

9.3 The Brain

Cerebral Cortex

Subcortical Nuclei

Diencephalon

Limbic System

9.4 Integrated CNS Function: Involuntary Movement Through Reflexes

Stretch Reflex

Withdrawal and Crossed-Extensor Reflexes

9.5 Integrated CNS Function: Voluntary Motor Control

Neural Components for Smooth Voluntary Movements

Lateral Pathways Control Voluntary Movement

Ventromedial Pathways Control Voluntary and Involuntary Movements

The Control of Posture by the Brainstem

The Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Coordination

The Basal Nuclei in Motor Control

9.6 Integrated CNS Function: Language

9.7 Integrated CNS Function: Sleep

Functions of Sleep

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Electrical Activity During Wakefulness and Sleep

9.8 Integrated CNS Function: Emotions and Motivation

9.9 Integrated CNS Function: Learning and Memory

Learning

Memory

Plasticity in the Nervous System

Chapter Summary

Exercises

10 The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

10.1 General Principles of Sensory Physiology

Receptor Physiology

Sensory Pathways

Sensory Coding

10.2 The Somatosensory System

Somatosensory Receptors

The Somatosensory Cortex

Somatosensory Pathways

Pain Perception

10.3 Vision

Anatomy of the Eye

The Nature and Behavior of Light Waves

Accommodation

Clinical Defects in Vision

Regulating the Amount of Light Entering the Eye

The Retina

Phototransduction

Rods versus Cones

Color Vision

Light Input to Circadian Rhythms

Bleaching of Photoreceptors in Light

Neural Processing in the Retina

Neural Pathways for Vision

Parallel Processing in the Visual System

Depth Perception

10.4 The Ear and Hearing

Anatomy of the Ear

The Nature of Sound Waves

Sound Amplification in the Middle Ear

Signal Transduction for Sound

Neural Pathways for Sound

10.5 The Ear and Equilibrium

Anatomy of the Vestibular Apparatus

The Semicircular Canals and the Transduction of Rotation

The Utricle and Saccule and the Transduction of Linear Acceleration

Neural Pathways for Equilibrium

10.6 Taste

Anatomy of Taste Buds

Signal Transduction in Taste

Neural Pathway for Taste

10.7 Olfaction

Anatomy of the Olfactory System

Olfactory Signal Transduction

Neural Pathway for Olfaction

Chapter Summary

Exercises

11 The Nervous System:Autonomic and MotorSystems

 

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