Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy 9th edition by Douglas Soccio – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:1285874315, 978-1285874319
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ISBN 10: 1285874315
ISBN 13: 978-1285874319
Author: Douglas Soccio
ARCHETYPES OF WISDOM, 9E uses a historical approach to bring philosophy to life through lively narratives, engaging illustrations, and a student-friendly writing style. Using its signature conversational prose, the textbook guides students through the lives and works of history’s greatest philosophers, drawing from both canonical primary sources and the latest philosophical critiques.
Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy 9th Table of contents:
Introduction: Philosophy and the Search for Wisdom
What to Expect from This Book
Areas of Philosophy
Philosophical Archetypes
Are Philosophers Always Men?
Philosophy and the Search for Truth
“Isn’t All This Just a Matter of Opinion?”
Wisdom, Knowledge, and Belief
Ignorance Is Not an Option
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
Overview of Classical Themes
Nature and Convention
Contemporary Lessons from the Past
The Search for Excellence
The Search for Happiness
1. The Asian Sages
The Harmony of Heaven and Earth
Sagehood
The Do-Nothing Sage: Lao-tzu
The Way
People Cannot Stop Talking About It
The Way of Reversal
Prefer Yin to Yang
The Union of Relative Opposites
The Way of Inaction
The Social Sage: Confucius
The Teacher
Confucian Humanism and the Golden Mean
Virtue and Ceremony
The Example of the Chun-tzu
The Thread of Humanity
The Buddha
Siddhartha the Seeker
The Long Search
The Bodhisattva
The Death of the Buddha
Karma
The Four Noble Truths
The Eightfold Path
The Buddha’s Legacy
What the Buddha Did Not Explain
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
2. The Presocratic Sophos
From Sophos to Philosopher
The Search for a Common Principle
Rational Discourse
The Problem of Change
The Logos
Appearance and Reality
The One
Being and Change
The Many
Mind
Atoms and the Void
Reason and Necessity
Nature and Convention
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
3. The Sophist
The Advent of Professional Educators
Power and Education
Relativism
Protagoras the Pragmatist
Moral Realism: Might Makes Right
The Doctrine of the Superior Individual
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
4. The Wise Man
The General Character of Socrates
Barefoot in Athens
A Most Unusual Father and Husband
The Archetypal Individual
The Teacher and His Teachings
The Dialectic
Socratic Irony
Socrates at Work
Sophos Versus Sophist
The Unexamined Life
Socratic Ignorance
The Power of Human Wisdom
The Physician of the Soul
No One Knowingly Does Evil
Virtue Is Wisdom
The Trial and Death of Socrates
The Death of Socrates
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
5. The Philosopher-King
Plato’s Life and Work
The Decline of the Aristocracy
Plato’s Disillusionment
The Academy
Plato’s Epistemology
Plato’s Dualistic Solution
Knowledge and Being
The Theory of Forms
What Are Forms?
Why Plato Needed the Forms
Knowledge and Opinion
What Happens When We Disagree?
The Divided Line
Levels of Awareness
The Simile of the Sun
The Allegory of the Cave
The Rule of the Wise
The Search for Justice
Function and Happiness
The Philosopher’s Republic
The Parts of the Soul
The Cardinal Virtues
The Origin of Democracy
The Pendulum of Imbalance
The Tyranny of Excess
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
Chapter 5 Study Tools
6. The Naturalist
Works
Aristotle’s Life
The Lyceum
The Naturalist
Natural Changes
Form
Matter
Change
Aristotle’s Hierarchy of Explanations
The Four Causes
Material Cause
Formal Cause
Efficient Cause
Final Cause
Entelechy
The Hierarchy of Souls
Natural Happiness
The Good
Teleological Thinking
The Science of the Good
Eudaimonia
The Good Life Is a Process
Hitting the Mark
The Principle of the Mean
Character and Habit
Application of the Mean
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
7. The Stoics
Hedonism
The Meaning of Life Is Pleasure
Epicureanism
Quality of Life
The Cynical Origins of Stoicism
A Scout for Wisdom
Epictetus: From Slave to Sage
Marcus Aurelius: Philosopher-King
The Fated Life
The Stoic Logos
The Disinterested Rational Will
Stoic Wisdom
Control Versus Influence
Some Things Are Not in Our Control
Some Things Are in Our Control
Relationships
Everything Has a Price
Suffering and Courage
The World of Epictetus
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
8. The Scholar
The Seeds of Change
Augustine: Between Two Worlds
Pride and Philosophy
The Life of Thomas Aquinas
The Dominican
Albertus Magnus: The Universal Teacher
The Task of the Scholar
The Wisdom of the Scholar
Why Do People Argue About Spiritual Matters?
God and Natural Reason
Proving the Existence of God
The First Way: Motion
The Second Way: Cause
The Third Way: Necessity
The Fourth Way: Degree
The Fifth Way: Design
Commentary on the Five Ways
Complications for Natural Theology
The Problem of Evil
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
Overview of Modern Themes
Reason, Reformation, and Revolution
The Reformation
The Copernican Revolution
Where Are We Then?
9. The Rationalist
The Problem of Authority
René Descartes: The Solitary Intellect
Rationalism
Against Disorganized Thinking
The Method of Doubt
The Cartesian “I” and Methodic Doubt
Standard of Truth
Innate Ideas
The Cartesian Genesis
Maybe It’s All a Dream?
The Evil Genius
Cogito, Ergo Sum
The Innate Idea of God
The Perfect Idea of Perfection
Descartes’s Ontological Argument
Reconstructing the World
The Cartesian Bridge
Cartesian Dualism
The Mind–Body Problem
From Cosmos to Machine
The Cartesian Fantasy
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
10. The Skeptic
John Locke
Experience Is the Origin of All Ideas
Locke’s Rejection of Innate Ideas
Locke’s Dualism
Primary and Secondary Qualities
Locke’s Egocentric Predicament
George Berkeley
David Hume: The Scottish Skeptic
The Skeptical Masterpiece
An Honest Man
Hume’s Skeptical Empiricism
Impressions and Ideas
The Self
Personal Immortality
The Limits of Reason
The Limits of Science
The Limits of Theology
The Limits of Ethics
The Facts, Just the Facts
Moral Sentiments
Rejection of Egoism
Emotions Are Also Reasons
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
11. The Universalist
The Professor
The Solitary Writer
A Scandal in Philosophy
Kant’s Copernican Revolution
Critical Philosophy
Phenomena and Noumena
Transcendental Ideas
The Objectivity of Experience
The Metaphysics of Morals
The Moral Law Within
The Good Will
Inclinations, Wishes, Acts of Will
Moral Duty
Hypothetical Imperatives
The Categorical Imperative
The Kingdom of Ends
A Kantian Theory of Justice
What About Family Justice?
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
12. The Utilitarian
Social Hedonism
Philosophy and Social Reform
The Principle of Utility
The Hedonic Calculus
The Egoistic Foundation of Social Concern
The Question Is, Can They Suffer?
John Stuart Mill
Mill’s Crisis
Redemption and Balance
Refined Utilitarianism
Higher Pleasures
Lower Pleasures
Altruism and Happiness
Utilitarian Social Logic
Happiness and Mere Contentment
Mill’s Persistent Optimism
Against Liberty
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
13. The Materialist
The Prophet
Marx’s Hegelian Roots
Other Influences
The Wanderer
Friedrich Engels
Vindication
Dialectical Materialism
Economic Determinism
Critique of Capitalism
The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat
Co-Option and Class Struggle
Alienation
Species-Life
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
14. The Existentialist
Søren Kierkegaard
The Family Curse
The Universal Formula
I Can’t Help But Smile When I See Her
Kierkegaard’s? Works
The Christian
Truth as Subjectivity
Objectivity as Untruth
The Present Age
An Age of Virtual Equality
Becoming a Subject
Stages on Life’s Way
The Aesthetic Stage
The Ethical Stage
The Religious Stage
Dangerous Stuff
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
15. The Pragmatist
An American Original
The Education of a Philosopher
The Philosopher as Hero
The Philosopher as Advocate
Charles Sanders Peirce
Peirce’s “Pragmaticism”
Pragmatic Theory of Meaning
Pragmatism
Pragmatic Method and Philosophy
The Temper of Belief
The Will to Believe
Truth Happens to an Idea
The Dilemma of Determinism
The Inner Sense of Freedom
Morality and the Good
The Heroic Life
Pragmatic Religion
A Religious Dilemma
Truth Is Always Personal
Danger Signs
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
16. The Anti-Philosopher
The Outsider
Beyond the Academy
Tragic Optimism
Zarathustra Speaks
The Last Philosopher
Truth Is a Matter of Perspective
Attack on Objectivity
The Will to Power
The Diseases of Modernity
The Problem of Morality
The Problem of Generalized Accounts
God Is Dead
Overman
Slave Morality
Ressentiment
Master Morality
Amor Fati
Commentary
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
17. The Twentieth Century
Two Approaches to Philosophy
Ludwig Wittgenstein
What Are You Talking About?
The Tractatus
Wittgenstein’s Turn
Martin Heidegger
Roots and Ground
Thinking Has Come to Life Again
Heidegger’s Children
Phenomenology: The Science of Beings
Being Human
What Is the Meaning of Being?
The Attitude of Humanity
The “They”
Idle Talk
Authenticity and Death
The Age of Technology
Human Resources
Danger
Wither Philosophy? (A Pun)
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
18. Philosophy as a Way of Life
Jean-Paul Sartre: A Way of Life Is a Philosophy
Freedom and Forlornness
Condemned to Be Free
Out of Despair, Toughness
The Reemergence of Other Voices
Inclusive Philosophy
Representation in Philosophy? Do the Math
Martin Luther King, Jr.: Philosophic Activist
Character Is Destiny
The Value of Moral Tension
Peter Singer: “The Dangerous Philosopher”
The Singer Solution to World Poverty
Martha C. Nussbaum: “Lawyer for Humanity”
Philosophy for the Sake of Humanity
Philosophy and Human Development
Philosophy as a Way of Life
To Live Like a Philosopher
The Heart of Philosophy
A Vision for You
Summary of Main Points
Post-Reading Reflections
How to Get the Most out of Philosophy by Douglas J. Soccio
Introduction. What to Expect
1. Student Wisdom: Getting the Most Out of Yourself
What am i Doing Here?
Reality Check
The Need for Certification
How to Set and Achieve Realistic Goals
Time Management
Establish a Time Budget
2. Changing What You Can
False Comparisons
“Reach What You Cannot”
A College Education is Worth the Effort
A Note of Encouragement for Part-Time Students
Student Wisdom Review
Going to College is Like Buying Lettuce
The Biggest Avoidable Mistakes College Students Make
3. Self-Respect and Academic Ethics
Campus Ethics
Plagiarism
Be Cool About Being Cool in School
4. How to Thrive in a Philosophy Class
Acquiring Informed Opinions
Special Features of Philosophy Courses
Getting the Most Out of a Philosophy (or any) Class
Deciding What is Noteworthy
Why Attendance Matters
Relating to your Professor
Conferences with Your Professor
5. Reading Philosophy
Use Your Textbooks’ Organizational Features
The Virtues of Annotating Your Own Text
Quick Tips for Reading Philosophy (and Anything Else)
What to do if Nothing Seems to Work
Beyond the Textbook
6. Developing a Critical Attitude
What is Uncritical Thinking?
What Does Critical Thinking Require?
Critical-Thinking Practices that Pay Off in the Classroom—and Beyond
7. Critical Writing
Three Critical Standards of Evidence
Basic Features of Good Critical Writing
Five Great Writing Tips
How to Pick a Topic
A Quick Guide to Getting Better Grades on Writing Assignments
Four Writing Samples for You to Grade
A Critical Look at the Four Sample Essays
Characteristics of Good and Bad Essays
A Handy Checklist for better Critical Writing
8. Wisdom and the Internet
The University of Google
Facts, Information, and Knowledge
The Bachelor of Arts Degree in Wikipedia
Reliable Sources
A Note About “Distance Education”
9. The College of You
Five College Vices
Sloth
Greed
Anger
Envy
Pride
Three College Virtues
Diligence
Hope
Prudence
Conclusion
Appendix A. Simplified Style Guide for Excellent Papers
Appendix B. Test Taking
Appendix C. Letters of Recommendation
Beginning Philosopher’s Bibliography
Bibliography of Philosophical Delights
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