Gateways to Democracy 4th Edition by John Geer, Richard Herrera, Wendy Schiller, Jeffrey Segal ISBN 133709773X‎ 978-1337097734

Chapter 1. Gateways to American Democracy

1.1. Gateways: Evaluating the American Political System

1.2. Democracy and the American Constitutional System

Liberty and Order

The Constitution as Gatekeeper

1.3. American Political Culture

1.4. Responsiveness and Equality: Does American Democracy Work?

1.5. The Demands of Democratic Government

Self-Interest and Civic Interest

Politics and the Public Sphere

Your Gateway to American Democracy

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Chapter 2. The Constitution

2.1. Before the Constitution

The British Constitution

Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence

The Articles of Confederation

2.2. The Constitutional Convention

The Delegates

Large Versus Small States

Nation Versus State

North Versus South

Gates Against Popular Influence

The Ratification Process

2.3. Government Under the Constitution

The Structure of Government

The Amendment Process

The Partition of Power

2.4. The Ratification Debates

Federalists and Antifederalists

Consolidation of Federal Authority

The Scope of Executive Authority

The Scope of Legislative Authority

The Lack of a Bill of Rights

2.5. The Responsive Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Civil War Amendments

Amendments That Expand Public Participation

Constitutional Interpretation

Future Amendments

Institutional Changes

The Constitution and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 3. Federalism

3.1. Why Federalism?

Why Unify?

Confederal, Unitary, and Federal Systems

3.2. Constitutional Framework

Grants of Power

Limits on Power

Groundwork for Relationships

3.3. The Changing Nature of American Federalism

Nationalization in the Founding Generation (Approximately 1789–1832)

The Revolt Against National Authority: Nullification, Slavery, and the Civil War (Approximately 1832–65)

Dual Federalism (Approximately 1865–1932)

Cooperative Federalism: The New Deal and Civil Rights (Approximately 1932–69)

The New Federalism (Approximately 1969–93)

Summing Up: Were the Antifederalists Correct?

3.4. State and Local Governments

State Executive Branches

State Legislative Branches

State Judicial Branches

Local Governments

Direct Democracy

Federalism and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 4. Civil Liberties

4.1. What Are Civil Liberties?

Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Balancing Liberty and Order

Constitutional Rights

The Bill of Rights and the States

4.2. Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis

From Revolution to Civil War

The World Wars

The Cold War and Vietnam

The War on Terror

Civil Liberties and American Values

4.3. The First Amendment and Freedom of Expression

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of the Press

The Right of Association

4.4. Religious Freedom

Free Exercise

The Establishment of Religion

4.5. The Right to Keep and Bear Arms

4.6. Criminal Procedure

Investigations

Trial Procedures

Verdict, Punishment, and Appeal

4.7. The Right to Privacy

Birth Control and Abortion

Homosexual Behavior

The Right to Die

Student Housing

Civil Liberties and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 5. Civil Rights

5.1. What Are Civil Rights?

Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

The Constitution and Civil Rights

5.2. Legal Restrictions on Civil Rights

Slavery

Restrictions on Citizenship

Racial Segregation and Discrimination

Ethnic Segregation and Discrimination

Women’s Suffrage

Continued Gender Discrimination

5.3. The Expansion of Equal Protection

State Action

Judicial Review

5.4. The End of Legal Restrictions on Civil Rights

Dismantling Public Discrimination Based on Race

Dismantling Private Discrimination Based on Race

Dismantling Voting Barriers Based on Race

Dismantling Public Discrimination Based on Ethnicity

Dismantling Voting Barriers Based on Ethnicity

Dismantling Private Discrimination Based on Ethnicity

Dismantling Discrimination Based on Gender

5.5. Frontiers in Civil Rights

Sexual Orientation, Same-Sex Marriage, and Transgender Rights

Disability Rights

Racial and Religious Profiling

Voting Rights for Felons

Undocumented Immigrants

Civil Rights and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 6. Public Opinion

6.1. The Power of Public Opinion

The Power of Presidential Approval

What Is Public Opinion?

The Public’s Support of Government

6.2. Public Opinion Polls

Gauging Public Opinion in the Past

Scientific Polling and the Growth of Survey Research

Types of Polls

Error in Polls

6.3. What Drives Public Opinion?

Social and Political Environment

Generational Effects

Self-Interest and Rationality

Elites

6.4. The Shape of Public Opinion

Partisanship

Ideology

Is the Public Informed?

Is the Public Polarized?

6.5. Group Differences

Socioeconomic Status

Age

Religion

Gender

Race and Ethnicity

Education

Public Opinion and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 7. The News and Social Media

7.1. Political News

What Are the Mass Media?

Functions of the News

7.2. The Law and the Free Press

7.3. The History of the Press in America

The Colonial Era, 1620 to 1750

The Founding Era, 1750 to 1790

The Partisan Era, 1790 to 1900

The Professional Era, 1900 to 1950

The Television Era, 1950 to 2000

7.4. Mass Media in the Twenty-First Century

The Changing Media Environment

The Decline of Newspapers

The Durability of Radio

The Transformation of TV News

Infotainment

Blogs

Social Networking

The News Media and Latinos

The News Media and Millennials

7.5. The Impact of the News Media on the Public

The Propaganda Model

The Minimal Effects Model

The Not-So-Minimal Effects Model

7.6. Evaluating the News Media

Are the Media Biased?

Quality of Information

Implications of the Internet

The Era of Media Choice

The News, Social Media, and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 8. Interest Groups

8.1. Interest Groups and Politics

What Are Interest Groups?

The Right to Assemble and to Petition

The History of Interest Groups

8.2. Types of Interest Groups

Economic Interest Groups

Ideological and Issue-Oriented Groups

Foreign Policy and International Groups

8.3. What Interest Groups Do

Inform

Lobby

Campaign Activities

8.4. The Impact of Interest Groups on Democratic Processes

Natural Balance or Disproportionate Power

Self-Service or Public Service

Open or Closed Routes of Influence

8.5. Characteristics of Successful Interest Groups

Leadership Accountability

Membership Stability

Financial Stability

Influence in the Public Sphere

Interest Groups and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 9. Political Parties

9.1. The Role of Political Parties in American Democracy

What Are Political Parties?

What Political Parties Do

The Party Nomination Process

9.2. The Dynamics of Early Party Development

Political Factions: Federalist Versus Antifederalist

Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and the Emergence of the Democratic Party

The Antislavery Movement and the Formation of the Republican Party

Party Loyalty and Patronage

Reform and the Erosion of Party Control

9.3. The Effects of a Two-Party System

Limited Political Choice

The Structural Limits

The Role of Third Parties

The Tea Party

Party Control of Presidential Nominations

Obstacles to Third Parties and Independents

Challenges to Party Power from Interest Groups

9.4. Party Alignment and Ideology

The Parties After the Civil War

The New Deal and the Role of Ideology in Party Politics

Civil Rights, the Great Society, and Nixon’s Southern Strategy

The Reagan Revolution and Conservative Party Politics

The Modern Partisan Landscape

Political Parties and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 10. Elections and Campaigns

10.1. The Constitutional Requirements for Elections

Presidential Elections

Congressional Elections

Other Elections

10.2. Presidential Campaigns

Evolution of the Modern Campaign

The Decision to Run and the Invisible Primary

Caucuses and Primaries

The National Convention

Presidential Debates

10.3. Issues in Presidential Campaigns

Fundraising and Money

Swing Voters and States

Microtargeting

Campaign Issues

Negativity

Polls and Prediction Models

10.4. Congressional Campaigns

The Decision to Run and the Primaries

The Fall Campaign

10.5. Issues in Congressional Campaigns

Fundraising and Money

The Role of Political Parties

Incumbency Advantage

Relative Lack of Interest

Elections, Campaigns, and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 11. Voting and Participation

11.1. The Practice and Theory of Voting

The Constitution and Voting

Competing Views of Participation

11.2. The History of Voting in America

Expansion of Voting, 1790s to 1870

The Road to Women’s Suffrage, 1848 to 1920

Denial of African American Suffrage, 1870 to 1965

The Civil Rights Movement and African American Voting, 1950s and 1960s

The Latino Vote

The Vote for 18-Year-Olds, 1971

11.3. Who Votes?

Turnout

The Demographics of Turnout

11.4. Why Citizens Vote

Economic Model of Voting

Psychological Model of Voting

Institutional Model of Voting

Is Voting in Your Genes?

Weather

11.5. Assessing Turnout

Is Turnout Low?

Do Turnout Rates Create Inequality?

11.6. Voting Laws and Regulations

Reforms to Voting Laws in the 1890s

The National Voter Registration Act

New Forms of Voting

11.7. Participation Beyond Voting

Involvement in Political Campaigns

Protest Politics

E-Participation

Voting, Participation, and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 12. Congress

12.1. Congress as the Legislative Branch

Representation and Bicameralism

Constitutional Differences Between the House and Senate

12.2. The Powers of Congress

Taxation and Appropriation

War Powers

Regulation of Commerce

Appointments and Treaties

Impeachment and Removal from Office

Lawmaking

Authorization of Courts

Oversight

12.3. The Organization of Congress

The Role of Political Parties

The House of Representatives

The Senate

The Committee System

Advocacy Caucuses

12.4. The Lawmaking Process

The Procedural Rules of the House and Senate

Legislative Proposals

Committee Action

Floor Action and the Vote

Conference Committee

The Budget Process and Reconciliation

Presidential Signature or Veto, and the Veto Override

12.5. The Member of Congress at Work

Offices and Staff

Legislative Responsibilities

Communication with Constituents

The Next Election

Congress and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 13. The Presidency

13.1. Presidential Qualifications

Constitutional Eligibility and Presidential Succession

Background and Experience

Expansion of the Presidency

13.2. Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits

Commander in Chief

Power to Pardon

Treaties and Recognition of Foreign Nations

Executive and Judicial Nominations

Veto and the Veto Override

Other Powers

Congress’s Ultimate Check on the Executive: Impeachment

13.3. The Growth of Executive Influence

Presidential Directives and Signing Statements

Power to Persuade

Agenda Setting

13.4. The President in Wartime

Power Struggles Between the President and Congress

Power Struggles Between the President and the Judiciary

13.5. Organization of the Modern White House

The Executive Office of the President

The Office of the Vice President

The Office of the First Lady

13.6. Presidential Greatness

Roosevelt: The New Deal and World War II

Johnson: The Great Society and Vietnam

Reagan: The Reagan Revolution and the End of the Cold War

The Presidency and Democracy

Key Concepts

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Chapter 14. The Bureaucracy

14.1. The American Bureaucracy

What Is the Bureaucracy?

Constitutional Foundations

Structure of the Bureaucracy

14.2. Core Components of the Bureaucracy

Mission

Hierarchical Decision-Making Process

Expertise

Bureaucratic Culture

14.3. Historical Evolution of the Bureaucracy

Expansion of Executive Branch Departments

Growth of Regulatory Agencies and Other Organizations

From Patronage to the Civil Service

Career Civil Service

Political Appointees

Diversity in the Federal Bureaucracy

Private-Sector Contract Workers

Bureaucrats and Politics

14.4. Accountability and Responsiveness in the Bureaucracy

Roles of the Legislative and Judicial Branches

Efficiency and Transparency

Whistleblowing

Bureaucratic Failure

The Bureaucracy and Democracy

Key Concepts

Learning Outcomes: What You Need to…

Chapter 15. The Judiciary

15.1. The Role and Powers of the Judiciary

English Legal Traditions

Constitutional Grants of Power

15.2. State and Lower Federal Courts

State Courts in the Federal Judicial System

District Courts

Courts of Appeals

15.3. The Supreme Court

Granting Review

Oral Arguments

The Decision

15.4. Judicial Decision Making

Judicial Restraint: The Legal Approach

Judicial Activism: The Extralegal Approach

Restraint and Activism in Judicial Decision Making

The Impact of Court Rulings

15.5. The Appointment Process for Federal Judges and Justices

District Courts

Courts of Appeals

The Supreme Court

Demographic Diversity on the Court

15.6. Historical Trends in Supreme Court Rulings

Expansion of National Power Under the Marshall Court

Limits on National Power, 1830s to 1930s

Strengthened National Power, 1930s to the Present

The Judiciary and Democracy

Key Concepts

Learning Outcomes: What You Need to…

Chapter 16. Economic, Domestic, and Foreign Policy

16.1. Public Policy Under a Constitutional System

The Process of Policy Making

The Regulatory Process

Blocking Implementation

State Governments and Public Policy

16.2. Domestic Policy

Entitlement Programs, Income Security, and Health Care

The Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Immigration Policy

Energy, Environmental Policy, and Climate Change

16.3. Economic Policy

Intervention in the Economy

Fiscal Policy

Monetary Policy

Trade Policy

16.4. Foreign Policy

International Relations and U.S. Foreign Policy Goals

Foreign Policy Tools

Public Policy and Democracy

Key Concepts

Learning Outcomes: What You Need to…

Appendix A. The Declaration of Independence

Appendix B. The Constitution of the United States

Appendix C. Federalist Papers 10 and 51

Appendix D. Electoral Maps: 2000–2016