Social Psychology 11th Edition by Saul Kassin, Steven Fein, Hazel Markus ISBN 0357122844 978-0357122846

Part 1. Introduction

1. What Is Social Psychology?

1-1. The Social Animal

1-2. What Is Social Psychology?

1-2a. Defining Social Psychology

1-2b. Social Psychological Questions and Applications

1-2c. The Power of the Social Context: An Example of a Social Psychology Experiment

1-2d. Social Psychology and Common Sense

1-3. A Brief History of Social Psychology

1-3a. The Birth and Infancy of Social Psychology: 1880s–1920s

1-3b. A Call to Action: 1930s–1950s

1-3c. Confidence and Crisis: 1960s–Mid-1970s

1-3d. An Era of Pluralism: Mid-1970s–2000s

1-4. Social Psychology Today: What Is Trending Now?

1-4a. Integration of Emotion, Motivation, and Cognition

1-4b. Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives

1-4c. Cultural Perspectives

1-4d. Behavioral Economics, Political and Moral Issues, and Other Interdisciplinary Approaches

1-4e. The Social Brain and Body

1-4f. New Technologies and the Online World

1-4g. New Standards and Practices for Research

1-5a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 1

1-5b. Key Terms

2. Doing Social Psychology Research

2-1. Why Should You Learn about Research Methods?

2-2. Developing Ideas: Beginning the Research Process

2-2a. Getting Ideas and Finding out What’s Been Done

2-2b. Hypotheses and Theories

2-2c. Basic and Applied Research

2-3. Refining Ideas: Defining and Measuring Social Psychological Variables

2-3a. From the Abstract to the Specific: Conceptual Variables and Operational Definitions

2-3b. Measuring Variables: Using Self-Reports, Observations, and Technology

2-4. Testing Ideas: Research Designs

2-4a. Descriptive Research: Discovering Trends and Tendencies

2-4b. Correlational Research: Looking for Associations

2-4c. Experiments: Looking for Cause and Effect

2-4d. Meta-Analysis: Combining Results across Studies

2-4e. Culture and Research Methods

2-5. Ethics, Values, and New Research Standards and Practices

2-5a. Institutional Review Boards and Informed Consent

2-5b. Debriefing

2-5c. Ethics and Consent Online

2-5d. Values and Science

2-5e. New Research Standards and Practices

2-6a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 2

2-6b. Key Terms

Part 2. Social Perception

3. The Social Self

3-1. The Self-Concept

3-1a. Rudiments of the Self-Concept

3-1b. Introspection

3-1c. Self-Perception

3-1d. Influences of Other People

3-1e. Autobiographical Memories

3-1f. Culture and the Self-Concept

3-2. Self-Esteem

3-2a. The Need for Self-Esteem

3-2b. Are There Gender and Race Differences?

3-2c. Self-Discrepancy Theory

3-2d. The Self-Awareness “Trap”

3-2e. Self-Regulation and Its Limits

3-2f. Ironic Mental Processes

3-2g. Mechanisms of Self-Enhancement

3-2h. Are Positive Illusions Adaptive?

3-2i. Culture and Self-Esteem

3-3. Self-Presentation

3-3a. Strategic Self-Presentation

3-3b. Self-Verification

3-3c. Self-Monitoring

3-4. Reflections: The Multifaceted Self

3-5a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 3

3-5b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

3-5c. Key Terms

4. Perceiving Persons

4-1. Observation: The Elements of Social Perception

4-1a. A Person’s Physical Appearance

4-1b. Perceptions of Situations

4-1c. Behavioral Evidence

4-1d. Detecting Truth and Deception

4-2. Attribution: From Elements to Dispositions

4-2a. Attribution Theories

4-2b. Attribution Biases

4-2c. Culture and Attribution

4-2d. Motivational Biases

4-3. Integration: From Dispositions to Impressions

4-3a. Information Integration: The Arithmetic

4-3b. Deviations from the Arithmetic

4-3c. Perceptions of Moral Character

4-4. Confirmation Biases: From Impressions to Reality

4-4a. Perseverance of Beliefs

4-4b. Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing

4-4c. The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

4-5. Social Perception: The Bottom Line

4-6a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 4

4-6b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

4-6c. Key Terms

5. Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

5-1. The Nature of the Problem: Persistence and Change

5-1a. Defining Our Terms

5-1b. Racism: Current Forms and Challenges

5-1c. Sexism: Ambivalence, Objectification, and Double Standards

5-1d. Culture and Sexism

5-1e. Beyond Racism and Sexism: Age, Weight, Sexuality, and Intersectionality

5-1f. Being Stigmatized

5-1g. Stereotype Threat: A Threat in the Air

5-2. Causes of the Problem: Intergroup, Motivational, Cognitive, and Cultural Factors

5-2a. Social Categories and Intergroup Conflict

5-2b. Social Identity Theory

5-2c. Culture and Social Identity

5-2d. Culture and Socialization

5-2e. How Stereotypes Distort Perceptions and Resist Change

5-2f. Automatic Stereotype Activation

5-2g. The Shooter Bias

5-3. Reducing the Problem: Social Psychological Solutions

5-3a. Intergroup Contact

5-3b. The Jigsaw Classroom

5-3c. Shared Identities

5-3d. Trust, Belonging, and Reducing Stereotype Threat

5-3e. Exerting Self-Control

5-3f. Changing Cognitions, Cultures, and Motivations

5-4a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 5

5-4b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

5-4c. Key Terms

Part 3. Social Influence

6. Attitudes

6-1. The Study of Attitudes

6-1a. How Attitudes Are Measured

6-1b. How Attitudes Are Formed

6-1c. The Link between Attitudes and Behavior

6-2. Persuasion by Communication

6-2a. Two Routes to Persuasion

6-2b. The Source

6-2c. The Message

6-2d. The Audience

6-2e. Culture and Persuasion

6-3. Persuasion by Our Own Actions

6-3a. Role Playing: All the World’s a Stage

6-3b. Cognitive Dissonance Theory: The Classic Version

6-3c. Cognitive Dissonance Theory: A New Look

6-3d. Alternative Routes to Self-Persuasion

6-3e. Ethical Dissonance

6-3f. Cultural Influences on Cognitive Dissonance

6-4. Changing Attitudes

6-5a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 6

6-5b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

6-5c. Key Terms

7. Conformity

7-1. Social Influence as “Automatic”

7-2. Conformity

7-2a. The Early Classics

7-2b. Why Do People Conform?

7-2c. Majority Influence

7-2d. Minority Influence

7-2e. Culture and Conformity

7-3. Compliance

7-3a. Mindlessness and Compliance

7-3b. The Norm of Reciprocity

7-3c. Setting Traps: Sequential Request Strategies

7-3d. Assertiveness: When People Say No

7-4. Obedience

7-4a. Milgram’s Research: Forces of Destructive Obedience

7-4b. Milgram in the Twenty-First Century

7-4c. Lingering Questions

7-4d. Defiance: When People Rebel

7-5. The Continuum of Social Influence

7-5a. Social Impact Theory

7-5b. Perspectives on Human Nature

7-6a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 7

7-6b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

7-6c. Key Terms

8. Group Processes

8-1. Fundamentals of Groups

8-1a. What Is a Group? Why Join a Group?

8-1b. Key Features of Groups: Roles, Norms, and Cohesiveness

8-1c. Culture and Groups’ Norms and Cohesiveness

8-2. Individuals in Groups: The Presence of Others

8-2a. Social Facilitation: When Others Arouse Us

8-2b. Social Loafing: When Others Relax Us

8-2c. Culture and Social Loafing

8-2d. Deindividuation

8-3. Group Performance: Problems and Solutions

8-3a. Losses and Gains in Groups

8-3b. Brainstorming

8-3c. Group Polarization

8-3d. Groupthink

8-3e. Communicating Information and Utilizing Expertise

8-3f. Goals and Plans in Groups

8-3g. Training and Technology

8-3h. Culture and Diversity

8-3i. Collective Intelligence: Are Some Groups Smarter than Others?

8-4. Conflict: Cooperation and Competition Within and between Groups

8-4a. Mixed Motives and Social Dilemmas

8-4b. Negotiation

8-4c. Culture and Negotiation

8-5a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 8

8-5b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

8-5c. Key Terms

Part 4. Social Relations

9. Attraction and Close Relationships

9-1. Need to Belong: A Fundamental Human Motive

9-1a. The Thrill of Affiliation

9-1b. The Agony of Loneliness

9-2. The Initial Attraction

9-2a. Familiarity: Being There

9-2b. Physical Attractiveness: Getting Drawn In

9-2c. First Encounters: Getting Acquainted

9-2d. Mate Selection: The Evolution of Desire

9-3. Close Relationships

9-3a. The Intimate Marketplace: Tracking the Gains and Losses

9-3b. Types of Relationships

9-3c. How Do I Love Thee? Counting the Ways

9-3d. Culture, Attraction, and Close Relationships

9-3e. Relationship Issues: The Male–Female Connection

9-4a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 9

9-4b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

9-4c. Key Terms

10. Helping Others

10-1. Evolutionary and Motivational Factors: Why Do People Help?

10-1a. Evolutionary Factors in Helping

10-1b. The Evolution of Empathy

10-1c. Rewards of Helping: Helping Others to Help Oneself

10-1d. Altruism or Egoism: the Great Debate

10-1e. Helping as a Default?

10-2. Situational Influences: When Do People Help?

10-2a. The Bystander Effect

10-2b. Time Pressure

10-2c. The Legacy of the Bystander Effect Research

10-2d. Moods and Helping

10-2e. Prosocial Media Effects

10-2f. Role Models and Social Influence

10-3. Personal Influences: Who Is likely to Help?

10-3a. Are Some People More Helpful than Others?

10-3b. What Is the Altruistic Personality?

10-3c. Culture and Helping

10-4. Interpersonal Influences: Whom Do People Help?

10-4a. Perceived Characteristics of the Person in Need

10-4b. A Little Help for Our Friends, and Others like Us

10-4c. Gender and Helping

10-4d. Culture and Who Receives Help

10-4e. The Helping Connection

10-5a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 10

10-5b. Putting Common Sense to the Test

10-5c. Key Terms

11. Aggression

11-1. What Is Aggression?

11-2. Culture, Gender, and Individual Differences

11-2a. Culture and Aggression

11-2b. Gender and Aggression

11-2c. Individual Differences

11-3. Origins of Aggression

11-3a. Evolutionary Psychology

11-3b. Genes, Hormones, and the Brain

11-3c. How Is Aggression Learned?

11-3d. Culture and Honor

11-4. Situational Influences on Aggression

11-4a. The Frustration–Aggression Hypothesis

11-4b. The Frustration–Aggression Hypothesis: Does the Evidence Support It?

11-4c. Negative Affect

11-4d. Arousal

11-4e. Thought: Automatic and Deliberate

11-4f. The Struggle for Self-Control: Rumination, Alcohol, and Other Factors

11-4g. Situational Influences: Putting It All Together

11-5. Media Effects

11-5a. Violence in Popular Media: Does Life Imitate Art?

11-5b. Pornography

11-5c. Objectification and Dehumanization

11-6. Reducing Aggression and Violence

11-6a. Thoughts, Feelings, and Self-Control

11-6b. Sociocultural Approaches

11-6c. Multiple-Level Approaches: Programs to Prevent Violence and Bullying

11-7a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 11

11-7b. Putting Common Sense to the Test

11-7c. Key Terms

Part 5. Applying Social Psychology

12. Law

12-1. Eyewitness Testimony

12-1a. Perceiving the Crime

12-1b. Storing the Memory

12-1c. Identifying the Culprit

12-1d. Testifying in Court

12-1e. Improving Eyewitness Justice

12-1f. The Alibi: Eyewitness to Innocence

12-2. Confessions

12-2a. Suspect Interviews: The Psychology of Lie Detection

12-2b. Police Interrogations: Social Influence Under Pressure

12-2c. False Confessions: Why Innocent People Confess

12-2d. Confessions in the Courtroom

12-2e. Pleading Guilty in the Shadow of Trial

12-3. Jury Decision Making

12-3a. Jury Selection

12-3b. The Courtroom Trial

12-3c. Jury Deliberation

12-4. Posttrial Sentencing and Prison

12-4a. The Sentencing Process

12-4b. The Prison Experience

12-5. Perceptions of Justice

12-5a. Justice as a Matter of Procedure

12-5b. Culture, Law, and Justice

12-6. Closing Statement

12-7a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 12

12-7b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

12-7c. Key Terms

13. Business

13-1. Personnel Selection

13-1a. The Typical Job Interview

13-1b. “Scientific” Alternatives to Traditional Interviews

13-1c. Affirmative Action

13-1d. Culture and Organizational Diversity

13-2. Performance Appraisals

13-2a. Supervisor Ratings

13-2b. Self-Evaluations

13-2c. New and Improved Methods of Appraisal

13-2d. Due-Process Considerations

13-3. Leadership

13-3a. The Classic Trait Approach

13-3b. Contingency Models of Leadership

13-3c. Transactional Leadership

13-3d. Transformational Leadership

13-3e. Leadership among Women and Minorities

13-3f. Cultural Influences on Leadership

13-4. Motivation at Work

13-4a. Economic Reward Models

13-4b. Bonuses, Bribes, and Intrinsic Motivation

13-4c. Equity Considerations

13-4d. The Gender Wage Gap

13-4e. The Progress Principle

13-5. Economic Decision Making

13-5a. The Symbolic Power of Money

13-5b. Social Influences in the Stock Market

13-5c. Commitment, Entrapment, and Escalation

13-6a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 13

13-6b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

13-6c. Key Terms

14. Health and Well-Being

14-1. Stress and Health

14-2. What Causes Stress?

14-2a. Crises and Catastrophes

14-2b. Major Life Events

14-2c. Microstressors: The Hassles of Everyday Life

14-3. How Does Stress Affect the Body?

14-3a. The General Adaptation Syndrome

14-3b. What Stress Does to the Heart

14-3c. What Stress Does to the Immune System

14-3d. The Links between Stress and Illness

14-3e. The Social Connection

14-4. Processes of Appraisal

14-4a. Attributions and Explanatory Styles

14-4B. The Human Capacity for Resilience

14-4c. Pollyanna’s Health

14-5. Ways of Coping with Stress

14-5a. Problem-Focused Coping

14-5b. Emotion-Focused Coping

14-5c. Proactive Coping

14-5d. Culture and Coping

14-6. Treatment and Prevention

14-6a. Treatment: The “Social” Ingredients

14-6b. Prevention: Getting the Message Across

14-7. The Pursuit of Happiness

14-7a. Does Money Buy Happiness?

14-7b. Emerging Science on How to Increase Happiness

14-8a. Top 10 Key Points in Chapter 14

14-8b. Putting COMMON SENSE to the Test

14-8c. Key Terms

References