Statistics Learning from Data 1st edition by Roxy Peck – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 8214353265 , 9798214353265
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ISBN 10: 8214353265
ISBN 13: 9798214353265
Author: Roxy Peck
STATISTICS: LEARNING FROM DATA, by respected and successful author Roxy Peck, resolves common problems faced by learners of elementary statistics with an innovative approach. Peck tackles the areas learners struggle with most–probability, hypothesis testing, and selecting an appropriate method of analysis–unlike any book on the market. Probability coverage is based on current research that shows how users best learn the subject. Two unique chapters, one on statistical inference and another on learning from experiment data, address two common areas of confusion: choosing a particular inference method and using inference methods with experimental data. Supported by learning objectives, real-data examples and exercises, and technology notes, this brand new book guides readers in gaining conceptual understanding, mechanical proficiency, and the ability to put knowledge into practice.
Statistics Learning from Data 1st Table of contents:
Section I. Collecting Data
Chapter 1. Collecting Data in Reasonable Ways
Section 1.1. Statistical Studies: Observation and Experimentation
Section 1.1. Exercises
Section 1.2. Collecting Data: Planning an Observational Study
Planning an Observational Study—Collecting Data by Sampling
Selecting a Simple Random Sample
An Important Note Concerning Sample Size
Other Reasonable Sampling Strategies
Convenience Sampling—Don’t Go There!
One Other Consideration for Observational Studies—Avoiding Bias
Section 1.2. Exercises
Section 1.3. Collecting Data–Planning an Experiment
Design Strategies for Simple Comparative Experiments
Other Considerations when Planning an Experiment
Using Volunteers as Subjects in an Experiment
Section 1.3. Exercises
Section 1.4. The Importance of Random Selection and Random Assignment: What Types of Conclusions are Reasonable?
Drawing Conclusions from Statistical Studies
Section 1.4. Exercises
Section 1.5. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 1 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Section II. Describing Data Distributions
Chapter 2. Graphical Methods for Describing Data Distributions
Section 2.1. Selecting an Appropriate Graphical Display
The Number of Variables in the Data Set
The Data Type
The Purpose of the Graphical Display
Section 2.1. Exercises
Section 2.2. Displaying Categorical Data: Bar Charts and Comparative Bar Charts
Bar Charts
Comparative Bar Charts
Section 2.2. Exercises
Section 2.3. Displaying Numerical Data: Dotplots, Stem-and-Leaf Displays, and Histograms
Dotplots and Comparative Dotplots
Comparative Dotplots
Stem-and-Leaf Displays
Comparative Stem-and-Leaf Displays
Histograms
Frequency Distributions and Histograms for Discrete Numerical Data
Frequency Distributions for Continuous Numerical Data
Histograms for Continuous Numerical Data
Using Histograms to Compare Groups
Histograms with Unequal Width Intervals
Histogram Shapes
Section 2.3. Exercises
Section 2.4. Displaying Bivariate Numerical Data: Scatterplots and Time Series Plots
Time Series Plots
Section 2.4. Exercises
Section 2.5. Graphical Displays in the Media
Pie Charts
A Different Type of “Pie” Chart: Segmented Bar Charts
Other Uses of Bar Charts and Pie Charts
Section 2.5. Exercises
Section 2.6. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 2 Review Exercise. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 3. Numerical Methods for Describing Data Distributions
Section 3.1. Selecting Appropriate Numerical Summaries
Section 3.1. Exercises
Section 3.2. Describing Center and Spread for Data Distributions that Are Approximately Symmetric
The Mean
Measuring Variability
Deviations from the Mean
The Variance and Standard Deviation
Putting It Together
Section 3.2. Exercises
Section 3.3. Describing Center and Spread for Data Distributions that Are Skewed or Have Outliers
Describing Center
The Median
Measuring Variability—The Interquartile Range
Putting It Together
Section 3.3. Exercises
Section 3.4. Summarizing a Data Set: Boxplots
Using Boxplots for Comparing Groups
Outliers and Modified Boxplots
Section 3.4. Exercises
Section 3.5. Measure of Relative Standing: z -scores and Percentiles
Percentiles
Section 3.5. Exercises
Section 3.6. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 3 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 4. Describing Bivariate Numerical Data
Section 4.1. Correlation
Pearson’s Sample Correlation Coefficient
Properties of r
Calculating and Interpreting the Value of the Correlation Coefficient
How the Correlation Coefficient Measures the Strength of a Linear Relationship
Correlation and Causation
Section 4.1. Exercises
Section 4.2. Linear Regression: Fitting a Line to Bivariate Data
Lines and Linear Relationships
Choosing a Line to Summarize a Linear Relationship: The Principle of Least Squares
Regression
Section 4.2. Exercises
Section 4.3. Assessing the Fit of a Line
Predicted Values and Residuals
Plotting the Residuals
Coefficient of Determination, r 2
Standard Deviation about the Least Squares Regression Line
Section 4.3. Exercises
Section 4.4. Describing Linear Relationships and Making Predictions—Putting It All Together
Section 4.5. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring The Big Ideas.
Chapter 4 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Section III. A Foundation for Inference: Reasoning about Probability
Chapter 5. Probability
Section 5.1. Interpreting Probabilities
Some Basic Properties of Probabilities
Section 5.1. Exercises
Section 5.2. Calculating Probabilities
Chance Experiments and Sample Spaces
Events
Calculating Probabilities
Section 5.2. Exercises
Section 5.3. Probabilities of More Complex Events: Unions, Intersections, and Complements
Complements
Intersections
Unions
Working with “Hypothetical 1000 ” Tables to Calculate Probabilities
Mutually Exclusive Events
Independent Events
Multiplication Rule for Independent Events
Section 5.3. Exercises
Section 5.4. Conditional Probability
Section 5.4. Exercises
Section 5.5. Probability as a Basis for Making Decisions
Section 5.5. Exercises
Section 5.6. Estimating Probabilities Empirically and Using Simulation (Optional)
Estimating Probabilities Empirically
Estimating Probabilities by Using Simulation
Section 5.6. Exercises
Chapter Activities
Chapter 5 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Chapter 6. Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Section 6.1. Random Variables
Section 6.1. Exercises
Section 6.2. Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables
Section 6.2. Exercises
Section 6.3. Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables
Section 6.3. Exercises
Section 6.4. Mean and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable
Mean Value of a Discrete Random Variable
Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable
Mean and Standard Deviation when x is Continuous
Section 6.4. Exercises
Section 6.5. Normal Distributions
The Standard Normal Distribution
Identifying Extreme Values
Other Normal Distributions
Describing Extreme Values in a Normal Distribution
Section 6.5. Exercises
Section 6.6. Checking for Normality
Using the Correlation Coefficient to Check Normality
Section 6.6. Exercises
Section 6.7. Binomial and Geometric Distributions (Optional)
Binomial Distributions
Sampling without Replacement
Mean and Standard Deviation of a Binomial Random Variable
Geometric Distributions
Section 6.7. Exercises
Section 6.8. Using the Normal Distribution to Approximate a Discrete Distribution (Optional)
The Normal Curve and Discrete Variables
Normal Approximation to a Binomial Distribution
Section 6.8. Exercises
Chapter Activities
Chapter 6 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Section IV. Learning from Sample Data
Chapter 7. An Overview of Statistical Inference—Learning from Data
Section 7.1. Statistical Inference—What You Can Learn from Data
Learning from Sample Data
Learning from Data when There Are Two or More Populations
Learning from Experiment Data
Statistical Inference Involves Risk
Variability in Data
Section 7.1. Exercises
Section 7.2. Selecting an Appropriate Method—Four Key Questions
Section 7.2. Exercises
Section 7.3. A Five-Step Process for Statistical Inference
A Five-Step Process for Estimation Problems ( EMC 3 )
A Five-Step Process for Hypothesis Testing Problems ( HMC 3 )
Chapter Activities
Chapter 7 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Chapter 8. Sampling Variability and Sampling Distributions
Section 8.1. Statistics and Sampling Variability
Section 8.1. Exercises
Section 8.2. The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion
General Properties of the Sampling Distribution of p ^
Section 8.2. Exercises
Section 8.3. How Sampling Distributions Support Learning from Data
Section 8.3. Exercises
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 8 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Chapter 9. Estimating a Population Proportion
Section 9.1. Selecting an Estimator
Section 9.1. Exercises
Section 9.2. Estimating a Population Proportion—Margin of Error
Section 9.2. Exercises
Section 9.3. A Large Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
What is a Confidence Interval?
What Does the Confidence Level Tell You about a Confidence Interval?
Margin of Error and a 95 % Confidence Interval
Chapter 7 Review: Four Key Questions and the Five-Step Process for Estimation Problems
Be Careful…
Other Confidence Levels
A Note on Confidence Level
A Few Final Things to Consider
An Alternative to the Large-Sample z Interval
Section 9.3. Exercises
Section 9.4. Choosing a Sample Size to Achieve a Desired Margin of Error
Section 9.4. Exercises
Section 9.5. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring The Big Ideas.
Chapter 9 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 10. Asking and Answering Questions about a Population Proportion
Section 10.1. Hypotheses and Possible Conclusions
Section 10.1. Exercises
Section 10.2. Potential Errors in Hypothesis Testing
Section 10.2. Exercises
Section 10.3. The Logic of Hypothesis Testing—An Informal Example
An Informal Example
Section 10.3. Exercises
Section 10.4. A Procedure for Carrying Out a Hypothesis Test
Section 10.4. Exercises
Section 10.5. Large-Sample Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Calculating the P -value
A Few Final Things to Consider
Section 10.5. Exercises
Section 10.6. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 10 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 11. Asking and Answering Questions about the Difference between Two Population Proportions
Section 11.1. Estimating the Difference between Two Population Proportions
Interpreting Confidence Intervals for a Difference
Section 11.1. Exercises
Section 11.2. Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between Two Population Proportions
1. Hypotheses
2. Test Statistic
3. Calculating a P -value
Section 11.2. Exercises
Section 11.3. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 11 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 12. Asking and Answering Questions about a Population Mean
Section 12.1. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
General Properties of the Sampling Distribution of x ¯
Other Cases
Section 12.1. Exercises
Section 12.2. A Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
A Confidence Interval for μ when σ is Unknown
t Distributions
A One-Sample t Confidence Interval for μ
Margin of Error and Choosing the Sample Size
Section 12.2. Exercises
Section 12.3. Testing Hypotheses about a Population Mean
1. Hypotheses
2. Test Statistic
3. Calculating a P -value
Statistical versus Practical Significance
Section 12.3. Exercises
Section 12.4. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 12 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Chapter 13. Asking and Answering Questions about the Difference between Two Population Means
Section 13.1. Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between Two Population Means Using Independent Samples
1. Hypotheses
2. Test Statistic
3. Calculating a P -value
More on Degrees of Freedom
The Pooled t Test
Section 13.1. Exercises
Section 13.2. Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between Two Population Means Using Paired Samples
The Paired t Test
Section 13.2. Exercises
Section 13.3. Estimating the Difference between Two Population Means
Confidence Interval when Samples Are Independent
Confidence Interval when Samples Are Paired
Section 13.3. Exercises
Section 13.4. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Exploring the Big Ideas.
Chapter 13 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Technology Notes
Section V. Additional Opportunities to Learn from Data
Chapter 14. Learning from Experiment Data
Section 14.1. Variability and Random Assignment
Section 14.1. Exercises
Section 14.2. Testing Hypotheses about Differences in Treatment Effects
Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between Two Treatment Means
Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between Two Treatment Proportions
Section 14.2. Exercises
Section 14.3. Estimating the Difference in Treatment Effects
Estimating the Difference in Treatment Means
Estimating the Difference in Treatment Proportions
Section 14.3. Exercises
Section 14.4. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Chapter 14 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
Chapter 15. Learning from Categorical Data
Section 15.1. Chi-Square Tests for Univariate Categorical Data
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
Section 15.1. Exercises
Section 15.2. Tests for Homogeneity and Independence in a Two-Way Table
Comparing Two or More Populations or Treatments: A Test of Homogeneity
Testing for Independence of Two Categorical Variables
Section 15.2. Exercises
Section 15.3. Avoid These Common Mistakes
Chapter Activities
Chapter 15 Review Exercises. Are You Ready to Move on?
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Tags: Roxy Peck, Statistics Learning