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Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition by Helena Knotkova, Dirk Rasche ISBN 1493914073 978-1493914074

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ISBN 10: 1493914073
ISBN 13: 978-1493914074
Author: Helena Knotkova, Dirk Rasche

Until recently, it was thought that the adult brain is modifiable only during early stages of ontogenesis. However, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies now indicate that the mature human brain is, under certain conditions, capable of substantial neuroplastic changes. Neuroplasticity reflects the ability of the human brain to alter the pattern of neural activation in response to previous experience, and recent findings indicate that the effects of experience can lead to both structural as well as functional reorganization. It has been shown that pathological neuroplastic changes can be reverted/normalized and that the modulation of the neuroplastic changes can be paralleled by improvement of the patient’s status. However, there is a gap between the potential of neuromodulation, technical progress and actual preparedness of medical personnel to provide this type of treatment. A prevalent opinion among medical professionals indicates that training programs and educational materials in neuromodulatory techniques are well needed and appreciated. Neuromodulation will focus on the description and discussion of methods currently available for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation, their clinical potential, significance and practical applications. In order to facilitate understanding of the topic, the initial part of the textbook will review neurophysiological systems involved in neuromodulation and will provide readers with basic principles of neuroplasticity that constitutes the rationale for neuromodulation in human medicine. Additionally, the clinical use of these techniques will be described with special regard to safety and avoidance of complications.

Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Basic Aspects

1: Principles of Neuromodulation

Neuroplasticity and Neuromodulation

Cortical Reorganization

References

2: Methods and Technologies for Low-Intensity Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Waveforms, Termin

Scope and Approach

Historical Development

Developments from Electrosleep to Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation

Developments from Electroanesthesia to Limoge Currents and Other Related Methods

Direct Current Stimulation

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Contemporary Approaches

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Noncranial Therapies

Dosage

Electrosleep and Derivative Techniques

Electroanesthesia and Derivative Techniques

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation/Transcranial Alternati

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Conclusion

References

Part II: Methods

3: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Introduction

The Spectrum of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

PNS/PNFS Techniques

Indications and Patient Selection

Neuropathic Limb Pain

Neuropathic Facial Pain

Neuropathic Trunk Pain

Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation of the C2 Nerve

Indications for C2 PNFS

Headache

Headache: Occipital Neuralgia

Headaches: Chronic Migraine

Headaches: Cluster Headache

Fibromyalgia

Peripheral Pain

Tinnitus

Device Choice

Procedural Details

Occipital Nerve Stimulation Techniques

PNS Complications

Outcomes

Conclusions

References

4: Spinal Cord Stimulation

Introduction

Mechanisms of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation

Local Effects at the Spinal Level

Effects at Cerebral Level

Peripheral Effects on Vasculature

Indications for Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Characterization of Neuropathic Pain

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Painful Ischemic Disorders

Spinal Cord Stimulation Stem Components and Implantation Technique

Safety Profile of Spinal Cord Stimulation

Evidence-Based Support for Efficacy of Spinal Cord Stimulation

Cost-Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation

New Technology, Techniques, and Indications

The Future

References

5: Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation: A Target for Neuromodulation Therapies

Role of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Chronic Pain

Interventional Techniques Targeting the DRG

Case 1: Neuropathic Groin Pain

Case 2: Postamputation Pain

Case 3: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Case 4: Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Conclusions

References

6: Deep Brain Stimulation

Introduction

Mechanism of Action

Stimulation of the Lateral Somatosensory Thalamus

Stimulation of the Periventricular or Periaqueductal Grey

Stimulation of CM-PF Thalamic Nuclei

Stimulation of the Posteromedial Hypothalamus

Operative Technique

Step 1: Preoperative Imaging (Without Frame)

Step 2: Stereotactic Frame Placement

Step 3: Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Frame

Step 4: Presurgical Target Planning

Step 5: Presurgical Trajectory Planning

Step 6: Prepare the Patient for the OR

Step 7: Stereotactic Arc Fixation

Step 8: Incision and Making the Burrhole

Step 9: Attachment of Lead Fixation Device on Burrhole

Step 10: Stereotactic Arc Fixation

Step 11: Physiological Confirmation of Anatomical Target

Step 12: Intraoperative Testing with Microelectrode Recording System

Step 13: DBS Lead Placement

Step 14: Intraoperative Clinical Testing with DBS Lead

Step 15: DBS Lead Fixation

Step 16: Intraoperative Final Lead Confirmation

Step 17: Dismantle Equipment and Suturing Incision

Step 18: Postoperative Final Lead Confirmation

Step 19: IPG Placement

Clinical Results

Conclusion

References

7: Motor Cortex Stimulation

Introduction and History of Invasive Cortical Stimulation

Mode of Action

Patient Selection

Perioperative Management

Operative Procedure

Post-operative Test Trial

Follow-Up Visits

Complications

Discussion and Review of the Literature

MCS in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

ICS in the Treatment of Non-painful Conditions/Syndromes

Parkinson´s Disease and Movement Disorders

Depression

Tinnitus

Stroke

Epilepsy

Conclusion

References

8: Physiological Basis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Introduction

History of Motor Cortical Stimulation

Neuronal Elements Activated by TMS

TMS Methodology and Measurements

Coil Types

Circular Coil

Figure-of-Eight Coil

Double Cone Coil

Batwing Coil

TMS Coil Orientations

PA Orientation

LM Orientation

AP Orientation

Neurophysiological Measurements Examined by TMS

SICI

IHI

Therapeutic Uses of TMS: Repetitive TMS

Conclusions

References

9: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Protocols and Physiological Mechanisms of Action

Introduction

tDCS Protocols

Impact of Stimulation Polarity/Electrode Position on the Effects of tDCS

Impact of Current Density on the Effects of tDCS

Impact of Stimulation Duration on the Effects of tDCS

Impact of Electrode Configurations on the Focality of tDCS

Mechanisms of Action of tDCS

Regional Effects of tDCS on Cortical Excitability

Acute Effects of tDCS on Cortical Activity and Excitability

Aftereffects of tDCS on Cortical Activity, and Excitability

Interregional Effects of tDCS: Impact on Functional Connectivity

Conclusion

References

10: A Role of Computational Modeling in Customization of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for

Introduction to Computational Models of Noninvasive Neuromodulation

Methods and Protocols in the Generation of Computational Forward Models of tDCS

Pitfalls and Challenges in the Application and Interpretation of Computational Model Predictions

Example Results of Computational Analysis in Susceptible Populations

Case 1: Skull Defects

Case 2: Brain Lesions (Stroke)

Case 3: Pediatric Populations

Case 4: Obesity

Case 5: Skin Properties

Conclusion

References

11: Cranial Electrical Stimulation

Introduction

Contemporary Devices and Clinical Applications

Evidence of CES Efficacy from Open and Randomized Clinical Trials

Contraindications for Use and Safety of CES

CES Regulatory Status (FDA)

Proposed Mechanisms of Action of CES

Brain Structures Impacted by CES

Evidence for Effects on Endogenous Brain Oscillations and Cortical Excitability

Evidence for Impact on Neurotransmitters, Hormones, and Endorphins

Evidence for Impact on Autonomic Nervous System

CES and Alternative Medicine

Barriers and Future Directions

Conclusion

References

12: The Mechanisms and Actions of Motor Imagery Within the Clinical Setting

What Is Motor Imagery?

Neurophysiology of Movement Initiation

Primary Motor Cortex

Premotor Cortex

Supplementary Motor Areas

Motor Imagery and Movement

Clinical Application of Motor Imagery (See Table12.1 for Summary of Studies)

Graded Motor Imagery

Outcome Measures in Motor Imagery

Questionnaires

Mental Chronometry

Mental Rotation

Conclusion

References

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Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition by Helena Knotkova, Dirk Rasche ISBN 1493914073 978-1493914074

Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition by Helena Knotkova, Dirk Rasche – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1493914073, 978-1493914074Full download Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition after payment

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Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition by Helena Knotkova, Dirk Rasche – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1493914073, 978-1493914074
Full download Textbook of Neuromodulation Principles Methods and Clinical Applications 1st edition after payment