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ISBN 10: 0691122385
ISBN 13: 978-0691122380
Author: Elinor Ostrom
The analysis of how institutions are formed, how they operate and change, and how they influence behavior in society has become a major subject of inquiry in politics, sociology, and economics. A leader in applying game theory to the understanding of institutional analysis, Elinor Ostrom provides in this book a coherent method for undertaking the analysis of diverse economic, political, and social institutions.
Understanding Institutional Diversity explains the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, which enables a scholar to choose the most relevant level of interaction for a particular question. This framework examines the arena within which interactions occur, the rules employed by participants to order relationships, the attributes of a biophysical world that structures and is structured by interactions, and the attributes of a community in which a particular arena is placed.
The book explains and illustrates how to use the IAD in the context of both field and experimental studies. Concentrating primarily on the rules aspect of the IAD framework, it provides empirical evidence about the diversity of rules, the calculation process used by participants in changing rules, and the design principles that characterize robust, self-organized resource governance institutions.
Understanding Institutional Diversity 1st Table of contents:
Part I: An Overview of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework
One: Understanding the Diversity of Structured Human Interactions
Diversity: A Core Problem in Understanding Institutions
Is There an Underlying Set of Universal Building Blocks?
Holons: Nested Part-Whole Units of Analysis
Action Arenas as Focal Units of Analysis
Zooming Out to an Overview of the IAD Framework
Viewing Action Arenas as Dependent Variables
Institutional Frameworks, Theories, and Models
The Limited Frame of This Book
Two: Zooming In and Linking Action Situations
An Action Situation as a Focal Unit of Analysis
Example of a Simple Action Situation
The Basic Working Parts of Action Situations
Linking Action Arenas
Predicting Outcomes
Evaluating Outcomes
Three: Studying Action Situations in the Lab
The Trust Game in the Experimental Laboratory
A Commons Dilemma in the Experimental Laboratory
Structural Changes in the Laboratory
Replications and Extensions of Commons Dilemma Experiments
Conclusions
Four: Animating Institutional Analysis
Animating Open, Competitive Processes
The Challenge of Imperfect Information
Assumptions Used in Animating Participants
Variety and Complexity: An Asset or a Liability?
A Focus on Collective Action to Overcome Social Dilemmas
Norms Fostering Collective Action
Emergence and Survival of Norms in Evolutionary Processes
Conclusion
Part II: Focusing on Rules
Five: A Grammar of Institutions, Sue Crawford and Elinor Ostrom
Parsing Institutional Statements
The Syntax of a Grammar of Institutions
The Syntax Components
Applying the Grammar
Using the Grammar in Empirical Field Research
Some Next Steps
Six: Why Classify Generic Rules?
Solving Babbling Equilibrium Problems
The Policy Analyst’s Need to Understand How to Reform Situations
Moving beyond Slogan Words to Describe Institutions
Coping with the Immense Diversity by Identifying Generic Rules
The Role of Rules as Information Transformation Mechanisms
An Underlying Universality?
Seven: Classifying Rules, Elinor Ostrom and Sue Crawford
The Horizontal Approach: Classifying by the A IM of a Rule
Position Rules
Boundary Rules
Choice Rules
Aggregation Rules
Information Rules
Payoff Rules
Scope Rules
Default Conditions: What Happens if No Rules Exist Related to Components of an Action Situation?
The Vertical Approach: Operational, Collective-Choice, and Constitutional-Choice Levels of Analysis
Using Rules as Tools to Change Outcomes
Part III: Working with Rules
Eight: Using Rules as Tools to Cope with the Commons
Field Research on Common-Pool Resources
What Rules Are Found in Self-Organized Common-Pool Resource Regimes?
Contemporary Approaches to Resource Policy
Coping with Complexity: A General Problem
Changing Rules as an Adaptive Process
Theoretical Puzzles
Summing Up
Nine: Robust Resource Governance in Polycentric Institutions
Design Principles and Robust Social-Ecological Systems
Threats to Robust Governance of Common-Pool Resources
Modest Coping Methods for Dealing with Threats to Sustainability
The Advantage and Limits of Polycentric Systems in Coping with Design and Long-Term Sustainability of Systems
The Capabilities of Polycentric Systems in Coping with Tragedies of the Commons
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