An Introduction to Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior 1st edition by Adam Prus ISBN 049590726X 9780495907268

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 049590726X
ISBN 13: 9780495907268
Author:  Adam Prus 

Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology

• Psychopharmacology
• Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology?
• Drugs: Administered Substances That Alter Physiological Functions
• Psychoactive Drugs: Described by Manner of Use
• Generic Names, Trade Names, and Street Names for Drugs
• Drug Effects: Determined by Dose
• Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacogenetics
• Psychoactive Drugs: Objective and Subjective Effects
• Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs
• Experimental Validity: Addressing the Quality and Impact of an Experiment
• Animals and Advancing Medical Research
• A Lack of Feasible Alternatives
• High Predictive Value for Drug Effects in Humans
• Assessing Drugs in Carefully Controlled Laboratory Environments
• The Regulation of Animal Research
• Animal Rights Activism Seeks to Minimize or Eliminate Animal Research
• Researchers Consider Many Ethical Issues When Conducting Human Research
• From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development

Chapter 2: The Nervous System

• Is There More to the Story of Phineas Gage?
• Cells in the Nervous System
• Neuron Communication in the Nervous System
• Glial Cells: Facilitating Nervous System Functions
• The Nervous System: Control of Behavior and Physiological Functions
• The Peripheral Nervous System: Controlling and Responding to Physiological Processes in the Body
• The Central Nervous System: Controlling Behavior
• Blood Flow in the Brain
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• The Blood–Brain Barrier
• The Nervous System: Rapid Development After Fertilization
• Genes and the Development and Physiological Processes of Cells
• Box 2.1: Genetically Modified Organisms
• From Actions to Effects: Glial Scars and Recovery from Brain Injury

Chapter 3: Neurotransmission

• Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Alter Acetylcholine Neurotransmission
• Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters
• Box 3.1: Electrophysiology and Microdialysis
• Nerve Impulses: Electrical Potential Changes in Neurons
• Resting Potential
• Action Potential
• Refractory Periods
• Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons
• Neurotransmitters: Signaling Molecules for Neuronal Communication
• Neurotransmitter Synthesis
• Neurotransmitter Storage
• Calcium Influx and Neurotransmitter Release
• Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors
• Termination of Neurotransmission
• Neurotransmission: Neurotransmitter Binding to Receptors
• Receptors: Ionotropic or Metabotropic
• Different Types of Neurotransmitters and Communication
• Glutamate and GABA Are the Most Abundant Neurotransmitters
• Monoamine Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
• Serotonin
• Acetylcholine
• Neuropeptides: A Large Class of Neurotransmitters
• Nitric Oxide: A Unique Neurotransmitter
• Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System
• Neurotrophins
• Hormones
• From Actions to Effects: Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs

• Do Environmental Stimuli Contribute to Heroin Tolerance?
• Pharmacokinetic Properties and Drug Passage Through the Body
• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination
• Pharmacodynamics: Describing the Actions of Drugs
• Box 4.1: Radioligand Binding for Measuring Receptor Affinity
• Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors
• Box 4.2: The [35S]GTPγS Binding Assay Assesses G-Protein Activation
• Neurotoxins and Damage to the Nervous System
• Physiological Adaptations to Chronic Drug Use
• From Actions to Effects: Heroin Tolerance and Environmental Factors

Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse

• James Olds’s Important Discovery
• Regulatory Agencies and Drug Classification
• Clinical Definitions and the Diagnosis of Drug Addiction
• Theoretical Models and the Features of Drug Addiction
• Disease Model of Drug Addiction
• Associative Learning Principles Used in Addiction Models
• Drive, Opponent-Process Theory, and Incentive-Salience Models of Drug Addiction
• Box 5.1: Self-Administration
• Drugs of Abuse and Reward Circuitry
• Drug Abuse and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems
• Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction
• Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Drug Dependence

Chapter 6: Psychostimulants

• Fleischl and the Neurologist
• Psychostimulants: A Large Variety of Substances
• Psychostimulants: Herbal Remedies, Prescription Drugs, and Substances of Abuse
• Ephedra
• Amphetamines
• Methylphenidate
• Cathinones
• Cocaine
• Instrumental and Recreational Purposes of Psychostimulants
• Psychostimulant Administration
• Routes and Forms of Psychostimulant Administration
• Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters
• Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants
• Physiological Effects
• Behavioral Effects
• Subjective Effects
• Box 6.1: Drug Discrimination
• Adverse Effects
• Psychostimulant Drugs Produce Sensitization and Tolerance
• From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulant Addiction
• Linking Pharmacological Actions to Reinforcing Effects
• Genetics Influence the Susceptibility to Psychostimulant Addiction
• Treatments for Psychostimulant Addiction

Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine

• Is Nicotine Not Addictive?
• Nicotine: Key Psychoactive Ingredient in Tobacco
• Discovery of Tobacco
• Pharmacokinetic Properties and Tobacco Use
• Nicotine Absorption Through Lung and Oral Tissues
• Liver Enzyme Differences and the Metabolism of Nicotine
• Nicotine and Nervous System Functioning
• Nicotine’s Potent Pharmacological Effects
• Nicotine’s Effects on Cardiovascular Function and Appetite
• Nicotine Affects Movement and Cognitive Functioning
• Box 7.1: Conditioned Taste Aversion
• Nicotine’s Positive and Negative Subjective Effects
• The Serious Adverse Effects of Tobacco Use
• Nicotine and Psychological Dependence
• Environmental, Genetic, and Receptor Differences Between Light and Heavy Tobacco Users
• From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit
• Caffeine and Related Compounds in Plants
• Caffeine Has an Ancient History
• Caffeine Absorption, Duration, and Interaction with Other Psychoactive Drugs
• Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors
• Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects
• Tolerance and Dependence During Sustained Caffeine Use
• From Actions to Effects: Why People Consume Caffeinated Products

Chapter 8: Alcohol

• “Halfway to Concord” and “Taking Hippocrates’ Grand Elixir”
• Alcohol: The Most Commonly Used Depressant Substance
• Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation
• The History of Alcohol Consumption
• Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol’s Effects
• Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning
• Alcohol and GABAA Receptors
• Glutamate NMDA Receptors and Alcohol’s Pharmacological Effects
• Alcohol: Inhibited Neurotransmission
• Alcohol and Serotonin Receptors
• Alcohol and the Endocannabinoid System
• Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol
• Types of Drinking and Number of Drinks Consumed
• Acute Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functioning
• Alcohol’s Depressive Effects on Behavior and Cognitive Functioning
• Alcohol and Positive Subjective Effects
• Severe Adverse Effects of High BAC
• Chronic Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Adverse Cardiovascular and CNS Effects
• Alcohol: Tolerance and Sensitization
• Alcohol Addiction and Withdrawal
• Psychosocial Interventions, Therapeutic Drugs, and Alcohol Use Disorders
• From Actions to Effects: Hangover

Chapter 9: GHB, Inhalants, and Anesthetics

• Did Ancient Greek Oracles Come from Chemical Inhalants?
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
• Uses for GHB
• GHB: Natural and Synthetic
• GHB Pharmacological Action
• GHB’s Depressant Pharmacological Effects
• GHB Overdose and Risk for Addiction
• Box 9.1: Electroencephalography
• Inhalants
• History of Inhalants
• Inhalants: Rapid Absorption and Elimination
• Actions of Inhalable Solvents
• Inhalants: Pharmacological Effects and Interference with Oxygen Intake
• From Actions to Effects: Stimulus Properties of GHB and Toluene

Chapter 10: Opioids

• A “Treatment” for Morphine Addiction?
• Opioids: Natural and Synthetic
• History of Opium Use
• Pharmacokinetic Properties and Opioid Abuse
• Opioid Drug Interactions with the Endogenous Opioid System
• Opioid Drugs: Classification by Receptor Action
• Opioid System Interactions with Reward, Pain, and Stress Systems
• Opioid Reinforcing and Analgesic Effects
• Opioid Receptor Agonists and Reinforcing Effects
• Box 10.1: Conditioned Place Preference
• Opioid Analgesic Effects
• Opioid Drugs and Other Therapeutic Effects
• Opioid Drugs and Respiratory Function
• User Tolerance and Dependence with Chronic Opioid Administration
• From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Addiction

Chapter 11: Cannabinoids

• Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal?
• Historical Use of Cannabis
• Methods of Cannabis Preparation
• Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System
• Cannabinoids and CB1 and CB2 Receptors
• Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids
• Behavioral Effects of Cannabinoids
• Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids
• Cannabinoid Tolerance and Dependence
• Cannabis and Risk of Lung Disease
• From Actions to Effects: Medical Marijuana

Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs

• Did Hofmann Take a “Trip”?
• Hallucinogens
• Origins of LSD and Other Hallucinogens
• LSD Ingestion and Effects
• LSD and the Serotonin Neurotransmitter System
• LSD’s Mild Physiological Effects and Profound Hallucinogenic Effects
• Hallucinogens and Flashbacks
• Mixed Stimulant–Psychedelic Drugs
• MDMA Therapeutic and Recreational Use
• MDMA Metabolism and the Length of Psychedelic Drug Effects
• MDMA and Serotonin and Dopamine Neurotransmission
• MDMA’s Psychedelic and Psychostimulant Effects
• Box 12.1: Social Interaction Tests
• MDMA’s Psychostimulant Actions
• MDMA Use in Psychotherapy
• Tolerance and Dependence During Chronic MDMA Use
• Recreational Use of Dissociative Anesthetics
• Development of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, and Dizocilpine
• Absorption and Elimination of Phencyclidine
• Phencyclidine’s Dopamine and Serotonin Neurotransmission
• Dissociative Anesthetics and Glutamate Neurotransmission
• The Anesthetic and Psychedelic Effects of Dissociative Anesthetics
• Dissociative Anesthetics and Schizophrenia-Like Effects
• Tolerance, Dependence, and the Use of Dissociative Anesthetics
• Other Psychedelic Drugs
• From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia

Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

• Did Reserpine Revolutionize the Study of Antidepressant Medications?
• Mental Disorders
• Depression
• The Prevalence of Clinical Depression
• Neuroimaging Techniques and Functioning Differences in Depression
• Antidepressant Drugs and Depression
• Box 13.1: Animal Behavioral Models for Identifying Antidepressant Drugs
• Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development
• Antidepressant Drugs and Monoamine Neurotransmitter Systems
• Bipolar Disorder
• Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder, Mood Stabilizers, and Other Drugs
• From Actions to Effects: Pharmacogenetic Factors and Treatment Response in Depression

Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

• Was Miltown Too Good to Be True?
• DSM Definitions of Anxiety Disorders
• The Amygdala’s Role in Anxiety
• Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
• Stress and the HPA Axis
• Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Drugs and the Treatment of Anxiety
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Anticonvulsant Drugs for Treating Anxiety
• Antidepressant Drugs and the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
• From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety?
• Box 14.1: Animal Models for Screening Anxiety Treatments

Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs

• Kraepelin’s Influence in Distinguishing Neurological from Mental Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Box 15.1: Prepulse Inhibition
• Schizophrenia’s Complex Neurobiological Profile
• A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
• Antipsychotic Drugs and the Treatment of Schizophrenia
• Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
• Typical Antipsychotic Drugs: The First Effective Medications for Schizophrenia
• Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: First-Line Treatments for Schizophrenia
• Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
• Administration Forms for Antipsychotic Drugs
• Box 15.2: Conditioned Avoidance and Catalepsy Measures Distinguish Atypical from Typical Antipsychotic Drugs
• From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Dopamine Neurotransmission

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