Solution manual for Psychology Themes and Variations 10th Edition by Wayne Weiten – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1305498208, 9781305498204
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ISBN 10: 1305498208
ISBN 13: 9781305498204
Author: Wayne Weiten
PSYCHOLOGY: THEMES AND VARIATIONS, 10th Edition, helps you experience the excitement of this fascinating field, while helping you study and retain what you learn. Filled with practical ways that you can apply psychology to your everyday life, this best-selling textbook is an experience in learning that you’ll remember long after you complete your introductory psychology course. Critical Thinking Applications in every chapter give you specific critical thinking strategies you can apply in all of your courses and in your personal life. Reality Checks, many of which may surprise you, address common misconceptions about psychology. Every chapter of this book offers tools — such as Concept Charts that provide colorful visual snapshots of key points — to help you focus on what’s important, showing you how to study in ways that help you retain information and do your best on exams.
Solution manual for Psychology Themes and Variations 10th Table of contents:
Chapter 1. The Evolution of Psychology
1.1. Psychology’s Early History
A New Science Is Born
The Battle of the “Schools” Begins: Structuralism Versus Functionalism
Freud Brings the Unconscious into the Picture
Watson Alters Psychology’s Course as Behaviorism Makes Its Debut
Skinner Questions Free Will as Behaviorism flourishes
The Humanists Revolt
1.2. Psychology’s Modern History
Psychology Comes of Age as a Profession
Psychology Returns to Its Roots: Renewed Interest in Cognition and Physiology
Psychology Broadens Its Horizons: Increased Interest in Cultural Diversity
Psychology Adapts: The Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology
Psychology Moves in a Positive Direction
1.3. Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified
Research Areas in Psychology
Professional Specialties in Psychology
1.4. Seven Unifying Themes
Themes Related to Psychology as a field of Study
Themes Related to Psychology’s Subject Matter
1.5. Personal Application
Developing Sound Study Habits
Improving Your Reading
Getting More out of Lectures
1.6. Critical Thinking Application
The Skills and Attitudes of Critical Thinking
The Need to Teach Critical Thinking
An Example
Concept Chart
Chapter 2. The Research Enterprise in Psychology
2.1. Looking for Laws: The Scientific Approach to Behavior
Goals of the Scientific Enterprise
Steps in a Scientific Investigation
Advantages of the Scientific Approach
2.2. Looking for Causes: Experimental Research
Independent and Dependent Variables
Experimental and Control Groups
Extraneous Variables
Variations in Designing Experiments
Advantages and Disadvantages of Experimental Research
2.3. Looking for Links: Descriptive/Correlational Research
The Concept of Correlation
Naturalistic Observation
Case Studies
Surveys
Advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptive/Correlational Research
2.4. Looking for flaws: Evaluating Research
Sampling Bias
Placebo Effects
Distortions in Self-Report Data
Experimenter Bias
2.5. Looking at Ethics: Do the Ends Justify the Means?
The Question of Deception
The Question of Animal Research
Ethical Principles in Research
2.6. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
2.7. Personal Application
The Nature of Technical Journals
finding Journal Articles
Reading Journal Articles
2.8. Critical Thinking Application
Concept Chart
Chapter 3. The Biological Bases of Behavior
3.1. Communication in the Nervous System
Nervous Tissue: The Basic Hardware
The Neural Impulse: Using Energy to Send Information
The Synapse: Where Neurons Meet
Neurotransmitters and Behavior
3.2. Organization of the Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
3.3. The Brain and Behavior
Looking Inside the Brain: Research Methods
The Hindbrain
The Midbrain
The Forebrain
The Plasticity of the Brain
3.4. Right Brain/Left Brain: Cerebral Specialization
Bisecting the Brain: Split-Brain Research
Hemispheric Specialization in the Intact Brain
3.5. The Endocrine System: Another Way to Communicate
3.6. Heredity and Behavior: Is It All in the Genes?
Basic Principles of Genetics
Detecting Hereditary Influence: Research Methods
The Interplay of Heredity and Environment
3.7. The Evolutionary Bases of Behavior
Darwin’s Insights
Later Refinements to Evolutionary Theory
Behaviors as Adaptive Traits
3.8. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
3.9. Personal Application
Cerebral Specialization and Cognitive Processes
Complexities and Qualifications
3.10. Critical Thinking Application
The Key findings on Neural Development
The Tendency to Overextrapolate
Concept Chart
Chapter 4. Sensation and Perception
4.1. The Visual System: Essentials of Sight
The Stimulus: Light
The Eye: A Living Optical Instrument
The Retina: The Brain’s Envoy in the Eye
Vision and the Brain
Viewing the World in Color
4.2. The Visual System: Perceptual Processes
Perceiving Forms, Patterns, and Objects
Perceiving Depth or Distance
Perceptual Constancies in Vision
The Power of Misleading Cues: Visual Illusions
4.3. The Auditory System: Hearing
The Stimulus: Sound
Human Hearing Capacities
Sensory Processing in the Ear
Auditory Perception: Theories of Hearing
Auditory Localization: Perceiving Sources of Sound
4.4. The Other Senses: Taste, Smell, and Touch
Taste: The Gustatory System
Smell: The Olfactory System
Touch: Sensory Systems in the Skin
4.5. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
4.6. Personal Application
4.7. Critical Thinking Application
Concept Chart
Chapter 5. Variations in Consciousness
5.1. On the Nature of Consciousness
Variations in Levels of Awareness
Consciousness and Brain Activity
5.2. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
The Role of Circadian Rhythms
Ignoring Circadian Rhythms
Realigning Circadian Rhythms
5.3. The Sleep and Waking Cycle
Cycling Through the Stages of Sleep
Age, Culture, and Sleep
Doing Without: Sleep Deprivation
Sleep Loss and Health
Problems in the Night: Sleep Disorders
5.4. The World of Dreams
The Contents of Dreams
Culture and Dreams
Theories of Dreaming
5.5. Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?
Hypnotic Induction and Phenomena
Theories of Hypnosis
5.6. Meditation: Pursuing Higher Consciousness
5.7. Altering Consciousness with Drugs
Principal Abused Drugs and Their Effects
Factors Influencing Drug Effects
Mechanisms of Drug Action
Drug Dependence
Drugs and Health
5.8. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
5.9. Personal Application
Common Questions About Sleep
Common Questions About Dreams
5.10. Critical Thinking Application
The Power to Make Definitions
Definitions, Labels, and Circular Reasoning
Concept Chart
Chapter 6. Learning
6.1. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Demonstration: “Psychic Reflexes”
Terminology and Procedures
Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life
Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning
6.2. Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s Demonstration: It’s All a Matter of Consequences
Terminology and Procedures
Basic Processes in Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
Positive Versus Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
6.3. Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning
Recognizing Biological Constraints on Conditioning
Recognizing Cognitive Processes in Conditioning
6.4. Observational Learning
Basic Processes
Observational Learning and the Media Violence Controversy
6.5. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
6.6. Personal Application
Specifying Your Target Behavior
Gathering Baseline Data
Designing Your Program
Executing Your Program
6.7. Critical Thinking Application
Classical Conditioning in Advertising
Classical Conditioning in Business Negotiations
Classical Conditioning in the World of Politics
Concept Chart
Chapter 7. Human Memory
7.1. Encoding: Getting Information into Memory
The Role of Attention
Levels of Processing
Enriching Encoding
7.2. Storage: Maintaining Information in Memory
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
How Is Knowledge Represented in Memory?
7.3. Retrieval: Getting Information out of Memory
Using Cues to Aid Retrieval
Reinstating the Context of an Event
Reconstructing Memories
Source Monitoring
7.4. Forgetting: When Memory Lapses
How Quickly We Forget: Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve
Measures of Forgetting
Why We Forget
The Repressed Memories Controversy
7.5. In Search of the Memory Trace: The Physiology of Memory
The Anatomy of Memory
The Neural Circuitry of Memory
7.6. Different Types of Memory Systems
Declarative Versus Nondeclarative Memory
Semantic Versus Episodic Memory
Prospective Versus Retrospective Memory
7.7. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
7.8. Personal Application
Engage in Adequate Rehearsal
Schedule Distributed Practice and Minimize Interference
Engage in Deep Processing and Organize Information
Enrich Encoding with Mnemonic Devices
7.9. Critical Thinking Application
The Contribution of Hindsight Bias
The Contribution of Overconfidence
Concept Chart
Chapter 8. Cognition and Intelligence
8.1. Language: Turning Thoughts into Words
Language Acquisition
Learning More than One Language: Bilingualism
Culture, Language, and Thought
8.2. Problem Solving: In Search of Solutions
Types of Problems
Barriers to Effective Problem Solving
Approaches to Problem Solving
Culture, Cognitive Style, and Problem Solving
8.3. Decision Making: Choices and Chances
Making Choices About Preferences
Heuristics in Judging Probabilities
The Tendency to Ignore Base Rates
The Conjunction Fallacy
Evolutionary Analyses of Fast and Frugal Heuristics
8.4. Measuring Intelligence
A Brief History
What Do Modern IQ Scores Mean?
Do Intelligence Tests Have Adequate Reliability?
Do Intelligence Tests Have Adequate Validity?
Do Intelligence Tests Predict Vocational Success?
Are IQ Tests Widely Used in Other Cultures?
8.5. Heredity and Environment as Determinants of Intelligence
Evidence for Hereditary Influence
Evidence for Environmental Influence
The Interaction of Heredity and Environment
Cultural Differences in IQ Scores
8.6. New Directions in the Study of Intelligence
Exploring Biological Correlates of Intelligence
Investigating Cognitive Processes in Intelligent Behavior
Expanding the Concept of Intelligence
8.7. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
8.8. Personal Application
The Nature of Creativity
Measuring Creativity
Correlates of Creativity
8.9. Critical Thinking Application
The Gambler’s Fallacy
Overestimating the Improbable
The Effects of Framing
Loss Aversion
Concept Chart
Chapter 9. Motivation and Emotion
9.1. Motivational Theories
Drive Theories
Incentive Theories
Evolutionary Theories
9.2. The Motivation of Hunger and Eating
Biological Factors in the Regulation of Hunger
Environmental Factors in the Regulation of Hunger
Eating and Weight: The Roots of Obesity
9.3. Sexual Motivation and Behavior
The Human Sexual Response
Evolutionary Analyses of Human Sexual Motivation
The Mystery of Sexual Orientation
9.4. The Achievement Motive
Individual Differences in the Need for Achievement
Situational Determinants of Achievement Behavior
9.5. Elements of Emotional Experience
The Cognitive Component
The Physiological Component
The Behavioral Component
Culture and the Elements of Emotion
9.6. Theories of Emotion
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory
Evolutionary Theories of Emotion
9.7. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
9.8. Personal Application
How Happy Are People?
Weak Predictors of Happiness
Moderately Good Predictors of Happiness
Stronger Predictors of Happiness
Conclusions About Subjective Well-Being
9.9. Critical Thinking Application
The Anatomy of an Argument
Common Fallacies
Evaluating the Strength of Arguments
Concept Chart
Chapter 10. Human Development across the Life Span
10.1. Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
The Course of Prenatal Development
Environmental Factors and Prenatal Development
10.2. Motor, Social, and Language Development in Childhood
Exploring the World: Motor Development
Early Emotional Development: Attachment
Learning to Communicate: Language Development
10.3. Personality, Cognitive, and Moral Development in Childhood
Becoming Unique: Personality Development
The Growth of Thought: Cognitive Development
The Development of Moral Reasoning
10.4. The Transition of Adolescence
Physiological Changes
Neural Development
The Search for Identity
Emerging Adulthood as a New Developmental Stage
10.5. The Expanse of Adulthood
Personality Development
Transitions in Family Life
Aging and Physiological Changes
Aging and Neural Changes
Aging and Cognitive Changes
Death and Dying
10.6. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
10.7. Personal Application
How Do the Genders Differ in Behavior?
Biological Origins of Gender Differences
Environmental Origins of Gender Differences
Conclusion
10.8. Critical Thinking Application
The Basic Argument
Evaluating the Argument
Concept Chart
Chapter 11. Personality
11.1. The Nature of Personality
Defining Personality: Consistency and Distinctiveness
Personality Traits: Dispositions and Dimensions
The five-Factor Model of Personality Traits
11.2. Psychodynamic Perspectives
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Adler’s Individual Psychology
Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives
11.3. Behavioral Perspectives
Skinner’s Ideas Applied to Personality
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Mischel and the Person-Situation Controversy
Evaluating Behavioral Perspectives
11.4. Humanistic Perspectives
Rogers’s Person-Centered Theory
Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization
Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives
11.5. Biological Perspectives
Eysenck’s Theory
Behavioral Genetics and Personality
The Evolutionary Approach to Personality
Evaluating Biological Perspectives
11.6. Contemporary Empirical Approaches to Personality
Narcissism
Terror Management Theory
11.7. Culture and Personality
11.8. Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes
11.9. Personal Application
Self-Report Inventories
Projective Tests
11.10. Critical Thinking Application
The Prevalence of Hindsight Bias
Hindsight and Personality
Other Implications of “20-20 Hindsight”
Concept Chart
Chapter 12. Social Behavior
12.1 . Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Others
Effects of Physical Appearance
Stereotypes
Subjectivity in Person Perception
An Evolutionary Perspective on Bias in Person Perception
12.2 . Attribution Processes: Explaining Behavior
Internal Versus Externa
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