Lecture Notes General Surgery 13th Edition by Sir Harold Ellis, Sir Roy Calne, Sir Christopher Watson – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9781118742044, 1118742044
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ISBN 10: 1118742044
ISBN 13: 9781118742044
Author: Sir Harold Ellis, Sir Roy Calne, Sir Christopher Watson
Lecture Notes: General Surgery, with Wiley E-Text
Lecture Notes General Surgery 13th Table of contents:
1: Surgical strategy
History and examination
Writing your notes
Case presentation
2: Fluid and nutrition management
Body fluid compartments
Fluid and electrolyte losses
Normal fluid losses (Table 2.1)
Abnormal fluid losses
Effects of surgery
Prescribing fluids for the surgical patient
Nutrition
Notes
3: Preoperative assessment
Patient assessment
Management of pre-existing medical conditions
4: Postoperative complications
Classification
Wound infection
Antibiotic-associated enterocolitis: Clostridium difficile
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Other multiresistant organisms of significance
Pulmonary collapse and infection
Deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb
Pulmonary embolus
Burst abdomen
Postoperative fistula
Postoperative pyrexia
Complications of minimally invasive surgery
Additional resources
Notes
5: Acute infections
Cellulitis
Abscess
Boil
Carbuncle
Specific infections
Additional resources
Notes
6: Tumours
Pathology
Clinical features and diagnosis
History
Examination
Special investigations
Tumour markers
Treatment
Notes
7: Shock
Aetiology
Normal regulation of tissue perfusion
Abnormal regulation of tissue perfusion
Special causes of shock
Sequelae of shock
Principles in the management of patients in shock
Notes
8: Burns
Causes
Severity
Clinical features
Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
Additional resources
Notes
9: The skin and its adnexae
Sebaceous cyst
Dermoid cyst
Verruca vulgaris (wart)
Keratoacanthoma (molluscum sebaceum)
Ganglion
Pilonidal sinus
The nails
Tumours of the skin and subcutaneous tissues
Additional resources
Notes
10: The chest and lungs
Injury to the chest
Fractures of the ribs
Lung abscess
Empyema
Lung tumours
Secondary tumours
Additional resources
Notes
11: The heart and thoracic aorta
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Valvular disease
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Ischaemic heart disease
Thoracic aortic disease
Notes
12: Arterial disease
Arterial trauma
Aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Acute aortic expansion
Popliteal aneurysm
Assessing the patient with arterial disease
Atherosclerotic arterial disease
Atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease
Coronary occlusive disease
Mesenteric occlusive disease
Cerebral occlusive disease
Intermittent claudication
Critical ischaemia
Carotid artery disease (Figure 12.3)
Raynaud’s disease and Raynaud’s phenomenon7
Buerger’s disease
Embolism (Figure 12.4)
Cold injury
Additional resources
Notes
13: Venous disorders of the lower limb
Anatomy of the venous drainage of the lower limb
Pathology of venous disease
Varicose veins
Complications of varicose veins
Deep venous insufficiency
Venous ulceration
Deep vein thrombosis
Additional resources
Notes
14: The brain and meninges
Space-occupying intracranial lesions
Intracranial tumours
Intracranial abscess
Intracranial vascular lesions
Hydrocephalus
Additional resources
Notes
15: Head injury
Types of injury
Brain injuries
Cerebral perfusion
Management of the patient with a head injury
Indications for surgery in head injuries
Traumatic intracranial bleeding
Other complications
Brain death
Additional resources
Notes
16: The spine
Spina bifida (Figure 16.1)
Spinal injuries
Degenerative spinal disorders
Cervical spondylosis
Epidural spinal abscess
Spinal tumours
Additional resources
Notes
17: Peripheral nerve injuries
Classification
Special investigation
Treatment
Brachial plexus injuries
Radial nerve injuries (Figure 17.1a)
Median nerve injuries (Figure 17.1b)
Median nerve compression at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome)
Ulnar nerve injuries (Figure 17.2)
Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome)
Differential diagnosis of flexion deformities of the fingers
Sciatic nerve injuries
Common peroneal nerve injuries
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh compression: meralgia paraesthetica
Cervical sympathetic nerve injuries: Horner’s syndrome7
Additional resources
Notes
18: The oral cavity
The lips
Ulcers in the mouth
Other lesions within the mouth
Malignant disease of the mouth and pharynx
Carcinoma of the lip
Carcinoma of the tongue
Carcinoma of the soft palate and fauces
Carcinoma of the hard palate
Carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, alveolus and cheek
Carcinoma of the tonsil
Carcinoma of the nasopharynx
Carcinoma of the oro- and laryngopharynx
Tumours of the jaw
Tumours of the bone
Ameloblastoma (adamantinoma)
Surface tumours
Antral tumours
Additional resources
Notes
19: The salivary glands
Inflammation
Mumps
Acute bacterial parotitis
Chronic recurrent parotid sialadenitis
Mikulicz’s syndrome
Calculi
Salivary tumours
Adenolymphoma
Carcinoma
Additional resources
Notes
20: The oesophagus
Dysphagia
Perforations of the oesophagus
Caustic stricture of the oesophagus
Achalasia of the cardia
Plummer–Vinson syndrome6
Oesophageal diverticula
Pharyngeal pouch
Reflux oesophagitis
Tumours of the oesophagus
Carcinoma
Barrett’s oesophagus8 and adenocarcinoma
Additional resources
Notes
21: The stomach and duodenum
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Duodenal atresia
Peptic ulcer
The acute peptic ulcer
The chronic peptic ulcer
Perforated peptic ulcer
Pyloric stenosis
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Tumours of the stomach
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Carcinoma
Bariatric surgery
Additional resources
Notes
22: Mechanical intestinal obstruction
Mechanical obstruction
Closed loop obstruction
Adhesive obstruction
Volvulus
Mesenteric vascular occlusions
Neonatal intestinal obstruction
Intussusception
Additional resources
Notes
23: Paralytic ileus
Aetiology
Peritonitis
Pseudo-obstruction
Note
24: The small intestine
Meckel’s diverticulum
Crohn’s disease
Tumours of the small intestine
Carcinoid syndrome
Additional resources
Notes
25: Acute appendicitis
Pathology
Clinical features
Treatment
The appendix mass (Box 25.1)
Appendicitis in pregnancy
Additional resources
Notes
26: The colon
Constipation and diarrhoea
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Angiodysplasia
Colitis
Tumours
Colostomy
Additional resources
Notes
27: The rectum and anal canal
Bright red rectal bleeding (Table 27.1)
Haemorrhoids (piles)
Perianal haematoma
Fissure in ano
Anorectal abscesses
Fistula in ano
Stricture of the anal canal
Prolapse of the rectum
Pruritus ani
Tumours
Rectal polyps
Carcinoma of the rectum
Anal cancer
Additional resources
Notes
28: Peritonitis
General characteristics of peritonitis
Peritoneal dialysis peritonitis
Non-specific bacterial peritonitis
Pneumococcal peritonitis
Haemolytic streptococcal peritonitis
Staphylococcal peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
Bile peritonitis
Localized intraperitoneal collections of pus
Subphrenic abscess
Pelvic abscess
Notes
29: Hernia
Definition
Abdominal wall hernias
Inguinal hernia
Femoral hernia
Richter’s hernia
Umbilical hernia
Congenital umbilical hernia
Paraumbilical hernia
Divarication of the recti
Epigastric hernia
Incisional hernia
Unusual hernias
Diaphragmatic hernias
Reflux oesophagitis
Additional resources
Notes
30: The liver
Liver enlargement
Jaundice
Congenital abnormalities
Liver trauma
Acute infections of the liver
Hydatid disease of the liver
Cirrhosis
The effects of liver failure
Liver neoplasms
Liver surgery
Additional resources
Notes
31: The gallbladder and bile ducts
Congenital anomalies
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Bile composition and function
Gallbladder physiology
Gallstone types
Clinical manifestations of gallstones
Gallbladder polyps
Carcinoma of the gallbladder
Cholangiocarcinoma
Additional resources
Notes
32: The pancreas
Congenital anomalies
Acute pancreatitis
Severe acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic cysts
Pancreatic tumours
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Insulinoma (β-cell tumour)
Gastrinoma (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome,10 non-β-cell islet tumour)
Pancreatic carcinoma
Additional resources
Notes
33: The spleen
Splenomegaly
Splenectomy
Ruptured spleen
Additional resources
Notes
34: The lymph nodes and lymphatics
The lymphadenopathies
Lymphoedema
Additional resources
Notes
35: The breast
Developmental anomalies
Symptoms of breast disease
Traumatic fat necrosis
Acute inflammation of the breast (mastitis)
Chronic inflammatory conditions of the breast
Benign breast disease
Tumours
Carcinoma of the breast
Carcinoma of the male breast
Paget’s disease of the nipple
Breast screening
Additional resources
Notes
36: The neck
Branchial cyst and sinus
Tuberculous cervical adenitis
Carotid body tumour (chemodectoma)
Additional resources
37: The thyroid
Congenital anomalies
Lingual thyroid
Thyroglossal cyst
Thyroglossal fistula
Thyroid physiology
Pathology of goitre
Clinical features in thyroid disease
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Investigations in thyroid disease
Clinical classification of thyroid swellings
Outline of treatment of goitre
Complications of thyroidectomy
Thyroid tumours
Hashimoto’s disease
Riedel’s thyroiditis
De Quervain’s thyroiditis
Additional resources
Notes
38: The parathyroids
Anatomy and development
Physiology
Effects of increased PTH production
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Additional resources
Notes
39: The thymus
Tumours
Myasthenia gravis
Notes
40: The adrenal glands
Physiology
Enzyme disorders
Cushing’s syndrome
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)
The adrenogenital syndromes
Non-functioning tumours of the adrenal cortex
Adrenomedullary tumours
Ganglioneuroma
Hypertension
Additional resources
Notes
41: The kidney and ureter
Congenital anomalies
Common renal anomalies
Horseshoe kidney
Duplex system
Polycystic disease
Renal cysts
Haematuria
Injury to the kidney
Hydronephrosis
Urinary tract calculi
Urinary tract infections
Reflux nephropathy
Pyonephrosis
Renal abscess
Renal tuberculosis
Renal failure
Acute tubular necrosis
Chronic renal failure
Renal tumours
Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumour6)
Renal cell carcinoma
Tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter
Additional resources
Notes
42: The bladder
Urachal anomalies
Bladder exstrophy (ectopia vesicae)
Rupture of the bladder
Diverticulum of the bladder
Bladder stone
Bladder tumours
Additional resources
Notes
43: The prostate
Benign enlargement
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis
Bladder neck obstruction
Urinary retention
Additional resources
Notes
44: The male urethra
Congenital anomalies
Injury to the urethra
Urethral stricture
45: The penis
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
Non-retractile prepuce
Circumcision
Ammoniacal dermatitis
Balanitis
Carcinoma
Impotence
Additional resources
Notes
46: The testis and scrotum
Abnormalities of testicular descent
Scrotal swelling
Epididymal cysts
Hydrocele
Acute infections of the testis and epididymis
Chronic infections of the testis
Torsion of the testis
Varicocele
Disorders of the scrotal skin
Tumours of the testis
Male infertility
Additional resources
Notes
47: Transplantation surgery
Historical background
Classification of grafts
Organ donors
Exclusions to organ donation
Organ preservation
Organ recipients
The immunology of organ transplantation
Organ matching
Rejection
Principles of immunosuppressive therapy
Complications of transplantation
Results in clinical organ transplantation
Additional resources
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