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Social Psychology: The Science of Everyday Life is a comprehensive and engaging exploration of the field of social psychology. The book delves into the ways in which individuals are influenced by their social environment, examining topics such as social perception, attitudes, conformity, and group dynamics.
The authors provide a thorough overview of the key theories and research findings in social psychology, while also offering practical applications for understanding and navigating social interactions in everyday life. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the impact of social media on behavior, the psychology of prejudice and discrimination, and the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.
Through real-world examples, case studies, and thought-provoking exercises, Social Psychology: The Science of Everyday Life helps readers to better understand the complexities of human behavior and the social forces that shape our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Whether you are a student studying social psychology or simply interested in gaining a deeper understanding of human behavior, this book provides valuable insights and perspectives on the science of everyday life.
This edition retains the full content with the added advantage of portability, allowing readers to easily access and engage with the material from any device, whether in a classroom or during fieldwork.
Social Psychology The Science of Everyday Life Product Bundle 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1 The Revealing Science of Social Psychology
The Roots of Social Psychology
An Instinct-Based View of Human Behavior
Psychoanalytic Theory: The Hidden Desires That Guide Behavior
Behaviorism: Behavior Is Shaped by Experience
The Emergence of Modern Social Psychology
Toward an Integrated Perspective on Human Behavior
Section Review: The Roots of Social Psychology
The Four Core Assumptions of Social Psychology
1. Behavior Is a Joint Product of the Person and the Situation
2. Behavior Depends on a Socially Constructed View of Reality
3. Behavior Is Strongly Influenced by Our Social Cognition
4. The Best Way to Understand Social Behavior Is to Use the Scientific Method
Section Review: The Four Core Assumptions of Social Psychology
Cultural Knowledge: The Intuitive Encyclopedia
Explaining Behavior Through Introspection
Explaining Behavior Using Intuitive Observation
Section Review: Cultural Knowledge: The Intuitive Encyclopedia
The Scientific Method: Systematizing the Acquisition of Knowledge
The Cycle of Theory and Research in Social Psychology
Stereotype Threat: Case Study of a Theory
Research: The Correlational Method
Research: The Experimental Method
Section Review: The Scientific Method: Systematizing the Acquisition of Knowledge
Theory Building: The Engine of Scientific Progress
What Makes for a Good Theory in Social Psychology?
Assessing Abstract Theories with Concrete Research
The Limitations of Science
Section Review: Theory Building: The Engine of Scientific Progress
Ethical Considerations in Research
Harming Research Participants
Deceiving Research Participants
Ethical Safeguards
Section Review: Ethical Considerations in Research
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Social Behavior
Evolution: How Living Things Change over Time
Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest: Yes, but What Is Fittest?
Section Review: Evolution: How Living Things Change over Time
General Adaptations of the Cultural Animal
Humans Are Social Beings
Humans Are Very Intelligent Beings
Humans Are Motivated, Goal-Striving Beings
Humans Are Very Emotional Beings
Section Review: General Adaptations of the Cultural Animal
Culture: The Uniquely Human Adaptation
What Is Culture?
Culture as Creative Adaptation
Section Review: Culture: The Uniquely Human Adaptation
How Culture Helps Us Adapt
Culture and the Natural Environment
Culture and the Social Environment
Culture and the Metaphysical Environment
Culture as a Synthesis of Human-Created Adaptations
Section Review: How Culture Helps Us Adapt
Culture in the Round: Central Issues
Does Culture Illuminate or Obscure Reality?
Is Culture a Good or Bad Thing?
Is There Just One Culture? Beyond a Monolithic View
Section Review: Culture in the Round: Central Issues
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 3 The Core Elements of Social Cognition
The “Why” of Social Cognition: The Motives Behind Thinking
Section Review: The “Why” of Social Cognition: The Motives Behind Thinking
The “How” of Social Cognition: Two Ways to Think About the Social World
The Strange Case of Facilitated Communication
Dual Process Theories
The Smart Unconscious
Section Review: The “How” of Social Cognition: Two Ways to Think About the Social World
The “What” of Social Cognition: Schemas as the Cognitive Building Blocks of Knowledge
Knowledge Is Stored in Mental Structures Called Schemas
Where Do Schemas Come From? Cultural Sources of Knowledge
How Do Schemas Work? Accessibility and Priming of Schemas
Confirmation Bias: How Schemas Alter Perceptions and Shape Reality
Beyond Schemas: Metaphor’s Influence on Social Thought
Section Review: The “What” of Social Cognition: Schemas as the Cognitive Building Blocks of Knowledge
Returning to the “Why”: Motivational Factors in Social Cognition and Behavior
Priming and Motivation
Motivated Social Cognition
Mood and Social Judgment
The Next Step Toward Understanding Social Understanding
Section Review: Returning to the “Why”: Motivational Factors in Social Cognition and Behavior
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 4 Thinking About People and Events
Remembering Things Past
How Are Memories Formed?
How Do We Remember?
Section Review: Remembering Things Past
Inferring Cause and Effect in the Social World
Common Sense Psychology
Automatic Processes in Causal Attribution
Dispositional Attribution: A Three-Stage Model
Elaborate Attributional Processes
Section Review: Inferring Cause and Effect in the Social World
What If, If Only: Counterfactual Thinking
The More Easily We Can Mentally Undo an Event, the Stronger Our Reaction to It
Upward Counterfactuals
Downward Counterfactuals
Upward and Downward Counterfactuals and Personal Accomplishments: The Thrill of Victory, the Agony of Defeat
Is It Better to Generate Upward or Downward Counterfactuals?
Section Review: What If, If Only: Counterfactual Thinking
Forming Impressions of People
Beginning with the Basics: Perceiving Faces, Physical Attributes, and Group Membership
Impression Formation
Changing First Impressions
Section Review: Forming Impressions of People
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 5 The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self
Social Influences on the Self-Concept
Culture
Gender
Context
Section Review: Social Influences on the Self-Concept
How Do We Come to Know the Self?
Reflected Appraisals: Seeing Ourselves Through the Eyes of Others
Social Comparison: Knowing the Self Through Comparison with Others
Self-Perception Theory: Knowing the Self by Observing One’s Own Behavior
Using the Self to Know One’s Feelings
Section Review: How Do We Come to Know the Self?
Self-Regulation
Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation
Staying on Target: How Goals Motivate and Guide Action
Self-Regulation and the Psychology of Time
Section Review: Self-Regulation
Self-Regulatory Challenges
Willpower: Running Hot and Cool
Insufficient Energy or Diminished Motivation
Getting Our Emotions Under Control
When We Can’t Let Go: Self-Regulatory Perseveration and Depression
Section Review: Self-Regulatory Challenges
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 6 The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth
The Motive to Maintain a Consistent Self
Self-Consistency at the Micro Level: Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Self-Consistency at the Macro Level: Sustaining a Sense of the Self as a Unified Whole
Section Review: The Motive to Maintain a Consistent Self
The Self-Esteem Motive: Establishing and Defending One’s Value
What Is Self-Esteem, and Where Does It Come From?
Maintaining and Defending Self-Esteem
Why Do People Need Self-Esteem?
The Influence of Treatment by Others: Ostracism
Protecting and Enhancing Self-Esteem: Cultural Differences
Types of Self-Esteem
Should We Stop Caring About Self-Esteem?
Section Review: The Self-Esteem Motive: Establishing and Defending One’s Value
Self-Presentation: The Show Must Go On
The Dramaturgical Perspective
Individual Differences in Self-Presentation
Audience-Monitoring Errors
The Goals of Self-Presentation
Section Review: Self-Presentation: The Show Must Go On
Motives for Growth and Self-Expansion
Self-Determination Theory
Section Review: Motives for Growth and Self-Expansion
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 7 Social Influence
Learning from Others
Social Learning Theory
Social Priming and the Influence of Norms
Social Contagion
The Social Construction of Reality
Section Review: Learning from Others
Conformity
Asch Conformity Studies
What the Asch Conformity Studies Teach Us About Why People Conform
What Personality and Situational Variables Influence Conformity?
Neural Processes Associated with Conformity
Section Review: Conformity
Minority Influence
How Minorities Exert Their Influence
Section Review: Minority Influence
Compliance: The Art and Science of Getting What You Want
Self-Perception and Commitment
Reciprocity
Social Proof
Scarcity
Mindlessness
Section Review: Compliance: The Art and Science of Getting What You Want
Obedience to Authority
Other Variables That Play Roles in Obedience
Anticipating Your Questions
Why Do We Obey?
The Role of Charisma in the Rise to Power
Section Review: Obedience to Authority
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 8 Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior
Elaboration Likelihood Model: Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion
Motivation to Think
Ability to Think
Why It Matters
Section Review: Elaboration Likelihood Model: Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion
Characteristics of the Source
Communicator Credibility
Communicator Attractiveness
Communicator Similarity
Section Review: Characteristics of the Source
Characteristics of the Message
Thinking Differently: What Changes Our Minds
Emotional Responses to Persuasive Messages
Section Review: Characteristics of the Message
Characteristics of the Audience
Persuadability
Initial Attitudes
Need for Cognition and Self-Monitoring
Regulatory Focus
Section Review: Characteristics of the Audience
Resistance to Persuasion
Knowing What to Resist
Being Motivated to Resist
Resisting Strategically: Attitude Inoculation
Consequences of Forewarning
Section Review: Resistance to Persuasion
The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior
Why Attitudes Often Don’t Predict Behavior
Factors That Affect How Well Attitudes Predict Behavior
How Attitudes Influence Behavior
Section Review: The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 9 Group Processes
What Is a Group?
Section Review: What Is a Group?
Why Do People Join and Identify with Groups?
Promoting Survival and Achieving Goals
Reducing Uncertainty
Bolstering Self-Esteem
Managing Mortality Concerns
Section Review: Why Do People Join and Identify with Groups?
Cooperation in Groups
Social Dilemmas and the Science of Cooperation
When Do People Cooperate?
Why Do People Cooperate?
Fairness Norms: Evolutionary and Cultural Perspectives
Section Review: Cooperation in Groups
Performance in a Social Context
Performing in Front of Others: Social Facilitation
Performing with Others: Social Loafing
Social Facilitation and Social Loafing Compared
Deindividuation: Getting Caught Up in the Crowd
Section Review: Performance in a Social Context
Group Decision Making
Group Polarization
Groupthink
Section Review: Group Decision Making
Leadership, Power, and Group Hierarchy
What Makes a Leader Effective?
Power Changes People
Hierarchy in Social Groups
Section Review: Leadership, Power, and Group Hierarchy
Why Do People Leave and Disidentify with Groups?
Promoting Survival
Reducing Uncertainty
Bolstering Self-Esteem
Managing Mortality Concerns
Section Review: Why Do People Leave and Disidentify with Groups?
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 10 Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
The Nature of Prejudice: Pervasiveness and Perspective
Section Review: The Nature of Prejudice: Pervasiveness and Perspective
The Roots of Prejudice: Three Basic Causes
Hostile Feelings Linked to a Category
Ingroup Bias: We Like Us Better Than Them
Ethnocentrism, the Cultural Worldview, and Threat
Section Review: The Roots of Prejudice: Three Basic Causes
The Prejudiced Personality
Section Review: The Prejudiced Personality
Has Prejudice Become Less Prevalent over Time?
Complexities of Modern Prejudice
Implicit Prejudice
Section Review: Has Prejudice Become Less Prevalent over Time?
Stereotyping: The Cognitive Companion of Prejudice
Where Do People’s Stereotypic Beliefs Come From?
Why Do We Apply Stereotypes?
How Do Stereotypes Come into Play?
How Do Stereotypes Contribute to Bias?
Section Review: Stereotyping: The Cognitive Companion of Prejudice
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 11 Responding to and Reducing Prejudice
Prejudice from a Target’s Perspective
Perceiving Prejudice and Discrimination
The Harmful Impact of Stereotypes on Behavior
Section Review: Prejudice from a Target’s Perspective
What’s a Target to Do? Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Coping with Stereotype and Social Identity Threat
Coping with Prejudice and Discrimination: Social Strategies
Coping with Prejudice and Discrimination: Psychological Strategies
Section Review: What’s a Target to Do? Coping with Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Reducing Prejudice
Working from the Top Down: Changing the Culture
Connecting Across a Divide: Controlling Prejudice in Intergroup Interactions
Setting the Stage for Positive Change: The Contact Hypothesis
Reducing Prejudice Without Contact
Final Thoughts
Section Review: Reducing Prejudice
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 12 Interpersonal Aggression
Defining Aggression
The Role of Intention
The Harm Caused by Aggression
Affective and Instrumental Aggression
Measuring Aggression
Section Review: Defining Aggression
Biology and Human Aggression
An Ethological Perspective
The Physiology of Aggression
Natural-Born Pacifists
Uniquely Human Aspects of Aggression
Section Review: Biology and Human Aggression
Situational Triggers of Aggression: The Context Made Me Do It
The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
When Do Hostile Feelings Lead to Aggression? The Cognitive Neoassociationism Model
Priming Aggressive Cognitions
Section Review: Situational Triggers of Aggression: The Context Made Me Do It
Learning to Aggress
Media and Aggression
Culture and Aggression
Section Review: Learning to Aggress
Individual Differences in Aggression
Gender Differences in Aggression
Trait Aggressiveness
Intelligence
Personality Traits and Reactivity to Provocation
Sadism
Section Review: Individual Differences in Aggression
The Roles of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression
Section Review: The Roles of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Aggression
Violence Against Women
Domestic Violence
Sexual Coercion and Rape
Section Review: Violence Against Women
Reducing Aggression
Societal Interventions
Interpersonal Interventions
Individual Interventions
Section Review: Culture: Reducing Aggression
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 13 Prosocial Behavior
The Basic Motives for Helping
Human Nature and Prosocial Behavior
Learning to Be Good
Section Review: The Basic Motives for Helping
Does Altruism Exist?
Social Exchange Theory: Helping to Benefit the Self
Empathy: Helping to Benefit Others
Section Review: Does Altruism Exist?
The Social and Emotional Triggers of Helping
Similarity and Prejudice
The Empathy Gap
The Role of Causal Attributions
Other Prosocial Feelings
Section Review: The Social and Emotional Triggers of Helping
Priming Prosocial Feelings and Behavior
Positive Affect
Priming Prosocial Roles
Priming Religious Values
Section Review: Priming Prosocial Feelings and Behavior
Why Do People Fail to Help?
The Bystander Effect
Population Density
Section Review: Why Do People Fail to Help?
Who Is Most Likely to Help?
An Altruistic Personality?
Individual Differences in Motivations for Helping
The Role of Political Values
The Role of Gender
Section Review: Who Is Most Likely to Help?
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 14 Interpersonal Attraction
The Need to Belong
Why Do We Need to Belong?
Where Did This Need Come From?
Section Review: The Need to Belong
The Basics of Interpersonal Attraction
Proximity: Like the One You’re Near
The Reward Model of Liking
Others’ Attributes Can Be Rewarding
Attraction to Those Who Fulfill Needs
Section Review: The Basics of Interpersonal Attraction
Physical Attractiveness
The Importance of Physical Appearance
The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype, AKA the Halo Effect
Common Denominators of Attractive Faces
Do Men and Women Differ in What They Find Attractive? An Evolutionary Perspective
Attraction in Same-Sex Relationships
Cultural and Situational Influences on Attractiveness
Section Review: Physical Attractiveness
Gender Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors
An Evolutionary Perspective
Cultural Influences
Your Cheating Heart: Reactions to Infidelity
Section Review: Gender Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors
Critical Learning Exercises
Chapter 15 Close Relationships
What Makes Close Relationships Special?
Parasocial Relationships
Why Are Close Relationships So Important?
Section Review: What Makes Close Relationships Special?
This Thing Called Love
Romantic Love
Culture and Love
Psychological Theories of Love
Models of the Experience of Love
Section Review: This Thing Called Love
Cost–Benefit Perspectives on Relationships
The Social Exchange Model
Equity Theory
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