Grammar as Science 1st edition by Richard Larson, Kimiko Ryokai 026251303X 9780262513036

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ISBN 10: 026251303X

ISBN 13: 9780262513036

Author: Richard K Larson, Kimiko Ryokai

An introduction to the study of syntax that also introduces students to the principles of scientific theorizing.This introductory text takes a novel approach to the study of syntax. Grammar as Science offers an introduction to syntax as an exercise in scientific theory construction. Syntax provides an excellent instrument for introducing students from a wide variety of backgrounds to the principles of scientific theorizing and scientific thought; it engages general intellectual themes present in all scientific theorizing as well as those arising specifically within the modern cognitive sciences. The book is intended for students majoring in linguistics as well as non-linguistics majors who are taking the course to fulfill undergraduate requirements. Grammar as Science covers such core topics in syntax as phrase structure, constituency, the lexicon, inaudible elements, movement rules, and transformational constraints, while emphasizing scientific reasoning skills. The individual units are organized thematically into sections that highlight important components of this enterprise, including choosing between theories, constructing explicit arguments for hypotheses, and the conflicting demands that push us toward expanding our technical toolkit on the one hand and constraining it on the other. Grammar as Science is constructed as a “laboratory science” course in which students actively experiment with linguistic data. Syntactica, a software application tool that allows students to create and explore simple grammars in a graphical, interactive way, is available online in conjunction with the book. Students are encouraged to “try the rules out,” and build grammars rule-by-rule, checking the consequences at each stage.

Grammar as Science 1st Table of contents:

PART I Setting Out
Language as a Natural Object
The Terrain Ahead
What Is Linguistics?

• Leading Questions
• Studying Knowledge of Language
• A Talking Analogy
• Universal Grammar
  What Is Syntax About?
• Dividing Up the Problem Area
• Internal Structure
• Exercises

PART II Grammars as Theories
Introducing Phrase Structure Rules

• Generating Sentences
• Phrase Structure Rules
• Tree Diagrams and Derivations
  Grammars
• Grammars as Theories
• The Data of Syntax
• Formulating a Grammar
  Working with Grammars
• Testing a Grammar
• Revising a Grammar
• Extending a Grammar
• Exercises

PART III Choosing between Theories
Comparing Rules and Theories

• Comparing Alternative Rules
• Equivalent Theories
  Constituency and Constituency Tests
• More on Conjunction
• Other Constituency Tests
  Trees and Tree Relations
• More about Trees
• Some Distributional Facts
• C-Command Phenomena as Constituency Tests
  Determining Category
• The Category of Words
• The Category of Phrases
  Revising, Refining, and Reconsidering
• Interpreting Test Results
• More on Revising Grammars
• Exercises

PART IV Arguing for a Theory
Constructing Arguments I

• Giving an Argument
• Four Steps of an Argument and Their Relations
• Convergent and Nonconvergent Evidence
  Constructing Arguments II
• Choosing between Alternative Structures
• Missing Principle
• Exercises

PART V Searching for Explanation
Structural Formulas
Explaining Phrase Markers
Introducing the Lexicon

• Categories and Subcategories
• The Lexicon
  Features, Heads, and Phrases
• Expanding Our Feature Set
• Heads and Phrases
  Verbal Complements and Adjuncts
• Complements
• Adjuncts
  Distinguishing Complements and Adjuncts
  Attaching Complements
• Complements and Constituency
• A Locality Constraint
  Attaching Adjuncts
• Adjunction of Modifiers
• Exercises

PART VI Following the Consequences
Complement Sentences I

• Sentence Forms
• Sentences inside Sentences
• Selection for Sentence Type
  Complement Sentences II
• Finite versus Nonfinite Clauses
• Selection for Finiteness
  Invisible Lexical Items
• Subjectless Infinitives and PRO
  NP Structure
• Sentencelike NPs
• Complements and Adjuncts in NP
• PRO in NP
  X-Bar Theory
• More on NP – TP
• The Structure of PP
• Simple Rules versus Complex Structures
• Exercises

PART VII Expanding and Constraining the Theory
Interrogatives and Movement

• The Problem of Constituent Interrogatives
• Wh-Movement
  More on Wh-Movement
• Movement in General
• Movement in CP
  Constraints on Movement I
• “Long-Distance” Movement
• Stepwise Movement
  Constraints on Movement II
• NP Domains
• Movement and Nominals
  Parametric Variation
• Crosslinguistic Variation in Movement
• “Parameterizing” Principles
• Exercises
  

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