Solution manual for Group Dynamics 7th Edition by Donelson Forsyth 1337408859 9781337408851

Chapter 1. Introduction to Group Dynamics

1-1. What Are Groups?

1-1a. Defining Groups

1-1b. Varieties of Groups

1-1c. Characteristics of Groups

1-2. What Are Group Dynamics?

1-2a. Dynamic Group Processes

1-2b. Process and Progress over Time

1-3. Why Study Groups?

1-3a. Understanding People

1-3b. Understanding the Social World

1-3c. Applications to Practical Problems

1-4. The Value of Groups

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 2. Studying Groups

2-1. The Scientific Study of Groups

2-1a. The Individual and the Group

2-1b. The Multilevel Perspective

2-2. Measurement

2-2a. Observation

2-2b. Self-Report

2-3. Research Methods in Group Dynamics

2-3a. Case Studies

2-3b. Correlational Studies

2-3c. Experimental Studies

2-3d. Studying Groups: Issues and Implications

2-4. Theoretical Perspectives

2-4a. Motivational Perspectives

2-4b. Behavioral Perspectives

2-4c. Systems Perspectives

2-4d. Cognitive Perspectives

2-4e. Biological Perspectives

2-4f. Selecting a Theoretical Perspective

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 3. Inclusion and Identity

3-1. From Isolation to Inclusion

3-1a. The Need to Belong

3-1b. Inclusion and Exclusion

3-1c. Inclusion and Human Nature

3-2. From Individualism to Collectivism

3-2a. Creating Cooperation

3-2b. The Social Self

3-3. From Personal Identity to Social Identity

3-3a. Social Identity Theory: The Basics

3-3b. Motivation and Social Identity

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 4. Formation

4-1. Joining Groups

4-1a. Personality Traits

4-1b. Anxiety and Attachment

4-1c. Social Motivation

4-1d. Men, Women, and Groups

4-1e. Attitudes, Experiences, and Expectations

4-2. Affiliation

4-2a. Social Comparison

4-2b. Stress and Affiliation

4-2c. Social Comparison and the Self

4-3. Attraction

4-3a. Principles of Attraction

4-3b. The Economics of Membership

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 5. Cohesion and Development

5-1. Sources of Cohesion

5-1a. Social Cohesion

5-1b. Task Cohesion

5-1c. Collective Cohesion

5-1d. Emotional Cohesion

5-1e. Structural Cohesion

5-1f. Assumptions and Assessments

5-2. Developing Cohesion

5-2a. Theories of Group Development

5-2b. Five Stages of Development

5-2c. Cycles of Development

5-3. Consequences of Cohesion

5-3a. Member Satisfaction and Adjustment

5-3b. Group Dynamics and Influence

5-3c. Group Productivity

5-4. Application: Explaining Initiations

5-4a. Cohesion and Initiations

5-4b. Hazing

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 6. Structure

6-1. Norms

6-1a. The Nature of Social Norms

6-1b. The Development of Norms

6-1c. The Transmission of Norms

6-1d. Application: Norms and Health

6-2. Roles

6-2a. The Nature of Social Roles

6-2b. Role Theories

6-2c. Group Socialization

6-2d. Role Stress

6-3. Intermember Relations

6-3a. Status Relations

6-3b. Attraction Relations

6-3c. Communication Relations

6-4. Application: Social Network Analysis

6-4a. Mapping Social Networks

6-4b. Applying Social Network Analysis

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 7. Influence

7-1. Majority Influence: The Power of the Many

7-1a. Conformity and Independence

7-1b. Conformity or Independence

7-1c. Conformity across Contexts

7-1d. Who Will Conform?

7-2. Minority Influence: The Power of the Few

7-2a. Conversion Theory of Minority Influence

7-2b. Predicting Minority Influence

7-2c. Dynamic Social Impact Theory

7-3. Sources of Group Influence

7-3a. Implicit Influence

7-3b. Informational Influence

7-3c. Normative Influence

7-3d. Interpersonal Influence

7-3e. When Influence Inhibits: The Bystander Effect

7-4. Application: Understanding Juries

7-4a. Jury Dynamics

7-4b. How Effective Are Juries?

7-4c. Improving Juries

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 8. Power

8-1. Obedience to Authority

8-1a. The Milgram Experiments

8-1b. Milgram’s Findings

8-1c. The Power in the Milgram Situation

8-2. Social Power in Groups

8-2a. Bases of Power

8-2b. Bases and Obedience

8-2c. Power Tactics

8-3. Social Status in Groups

8-3a. Claiming Status

8-3b. Achieving Status

8-3c. Status Hierarchies and Stability

8-4. The Metamorphic Effects of Power

8-4a. Changes in the Powerholder

8-4b. Reactions to the Use of Power

8-4c. Who Is Responsible?

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 9. Leadership

9-1. Leading Groups

9-1a. Leadership Defined

9-1b. What Do Leaders Do?

9-2. Leadership Emergence

9-2a. The Leader’s Traits

9-2b. Intellectual and Practical Skills

9-2c. The Leader’s Look

9-3. Theories of Leadership Emergence

9-3a. Implicit Leadership Theory

9-3b. Social Identity Theory

9-3c. Social Role Theory

9-3d. Terror Management Theory

9-3e. Evolutionary Theory

9-4. Leader Effectiveness

9-4a. Styles and Situations

9-4b. Leader–Member Exchange Theory

9-4c. Participation Theories

9-4d. Transformational Leadership

9-4e. The Future of Leadership

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 10. Performance

10-1. Social Facilitation

10-1a. Performance in the Presence of Others

10-1b. Why Does Social Facilitation Occur?

10-1c. Conclusions and Applications

10-2. Social Loafing

10-2a. The Ringelmann Effect

10-2b. Causes of and Cures for Social Loafing

10-2c. The Collective Effort Model

10-3. Working in Groups

10-3a. The Process Model of Group Performance

10-3b. Additive Tasks

10-3c. Compensatory Tasks

10-3d. Disjunctive Tasks

10-3e. Conjunctive Tasks

10-3f. Discretionary Tasks

10-3g. Process Gains in Groups

10-4. Group Creativity

10-4a. Brainstorming

10-4b. Improving Brainstorming

10-4c. Alternatives to Brainstorming

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 11. Teams

11-1. Working Together in Teams

11-1a. What Is a Team?

11-1b. When to Work in Teams

11-1c. Varieties of Teams

11-1d. A Systems Model of Teams

11-2. Input: Building the Team

11-2a. The Team Player

11-2b. Knowledge, Skill, and Ability (KSA)

11-2c. Diversity

11-2d. Men, Women, and Teams

11-3. Process: Working in Teams

11-3a. Interlocking Interdependence

11-3b. Coordinated Interaction

11-3c. Compelling Purpose

11-3d. Adaptive Structures

11-3e. Cohesive Alliance

11-4. Output: Team Performance

11-4a. Evaluating Teams

11-4b. Suggestions for Using Teams

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 12. Decision Making

12-1. The Decision-Making Process

12-1a. Orientation

12-1b. Discussion

12-1c. The Difficulty of Discussion

12-1d. Making the Decision

12-1e. Implementation

12-2. Decisional Biases

12-2a. Judgmental Biases

12-2b. The Shared Information Bias

12-2c. Group Polarization

12-3. Victims of Groupthink

12-3a. Symptoms of Groupthink

12-3b. Defective Decision Making

12-3c. Causes of Groupthink

12-3d. The Emergence of Groupthink

12-3e. Alternative Models

12-3f. Preventing Groupthink

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 13. Conflict

13-1. The Roots of Conflict

13-1a. Winning: Conflict and Competition

13-1b. Sharing: Conflict Over Resources

13-1c. Controlling: Conflict Over Power

13-1d. Working: Task and Process Conflict

13-1e. Liking and Disliking: Relationship Conflict

13-2. Confrontation and Escalation

13-2a. Uncertainty → Commitment

13-2b. Perception → Misperception

13-2c. Soft Tactics → Hard Tactics

13-2d. Reciprocity → Retaliation

13-2e. Irritation → Anger

13-2f. Few → Many

13-3. Conflict Resolution

13-3a. Commitment → Negotiation

13-3b. Misperception → Understanding

13-3c. Hard Tactics → Cooperative Tactics

13-3d. Retaliation → Forgiveness

13-3e. Anger → Composure

13-3f. Many → Few

13-3g. The Value of Conflict: Redux

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 14. Intergroup Relations

14-1. Intergroup Conflict: Us versus Them

14-1a. Competition and Conflict

14-1b. Power and Domination

14-1c. Intergroup Aggression

14-1d. Norms and Conflict

14-1e. Evolutionary Perspectives

14-2. Intergroup Bias: Perceiving Us and Them

14-2a. Conflict and Categorization

14-2b. The Ingroup–Outgroup Bias

14-2c. Cognitive Biases

14-2d. Stereotype Content Model

14-2e. Exclusion and Dehumanization

14-2f. Categorization and Identity

14-3. Intergroup Conflict Resolution: Uniting Us and Them

14-3a. Intergroup Contact

14-3b. Cognitive Cures for Conflict

14-3c. Learning to Cooperate

14-3d. Resolving Conflict: Conclusions

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 15. Groups in Context

15-1. Places

15-1a. A Sense of Place

15-1b. Stressful Places

15-1c. Dangerous Places

Spaces

Personal Space

Reactions to Spatial Invasion

Seating Arrangements

Locations

Types of Territoriality

Group Territories

Territoriality in Groups

Workspaces

The Person–Place Fit

Fitting Form to Function

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 16. Growth and Change

16-1. Growth and Change in Groups

16-1a. Therapeutic Groups

16-1b. Interpersonal Learning Groups

16-1c. Support Groups

16-2. Sources of Support and Change

16-2a. Universality and Hope

16-2b. Social Learning

16-2c. Group Cohesion

16-2d. Disclosure and Catharsis

16-2e. Altruism

16-2f. Insight

16-3. The Effectiveness of Groups

16-3a. Empirical Support for Group Treatments

16-3b. Using Groups to Cure: Cautions

16-3c. The Value of Groups

Chapter Review

Resources

Chapter 17. Crowds and Collectives

17-1. Collectives: Forms and Features

17-1a. What Are Collectives?

17-1b. Gatherings

17-1c. Crowds

17-1d. Mobs

17-1e. Panics

17-1f. Collective Movements

17-1g. Social Movements

17-2. Collective Dynamics

17-2a. Contagion

17-2b. Convergence

17-2c. Deindividuation

17-2d. Emergent Norms

17-2e. Social Identity

17-3. Collectives Are Groups

17-3a. The Myth of the Madding Crowd

17-3b. Studying Groups and Collectives