OPTICAL TRAPPING & MANIPULAT NEUTRAL PARTICLES USING LASER A Reprint Volume with Commentaries 1st Edition by Ashkin Arthur ISBN 9812774890 9789812774897

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ISBN 10: 9812774890 
ISBN 13: 9789812774897
Author: Ashkin Arthur

This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology.In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers.A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell’s cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis.Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate.The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles.This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work.

OPTICAL TRAPPING & MANIPULAT NEUTRAL PARTICLES USING LASER A Reprint Volume with Commentaries 1st Table of contents:

I. Introduction

• Chapter 1: Beginnings
  • 1.1. Radiation Pressure Using Microwave Magnetrons
  • 1.2. Runners and Bouncers
  • 1.3. Back of the Envelope Calculation of Laser Radiation Pressure
  • 1.4. First Observation of Laser Radiation Pressure
  • 1.5. Observation of the First Three-Dimensional All-Optical Trap
  • 1.6. Scattering Force on Atoms
  • 1.7. Saturation of the Scattering Force on Atoms
  • 1.8. Gradient (Dipole) Force on Atoms
  • 1.9. Dispersive Properties of the Dipole Force on Atoms
  • 1.10. Applications of the Scattering Force
  • 1.11. “It’s not Even Wrong!”
  • 1.12. Optical Traps and the Prepared Mind

II. 1969-1979

• Chapter 2: Optical Levitation
  • 2.1. Levitation in Air
  • 2.2. Scientific American Article of 1973
  • 2.3. Levitation with TEM01*Donut Mode Beams
  • 2.4. Levitation of Liquid Drops
  • 2.5. Radiometric or Thermal Forces
  • 2.6. Levitation at Reduced Air Pressure
  • 2.7. Feedback Damping of Levitated Particles and Automatic Force Measurement
  • 2.8. Feedback Measurement of Axial Scattering Force
  • 2.9. Feedback Force Measurement of High-Q Surface Wave Resonances
  • 2.10. Measurement of Electric Forces by Feedback Control of Levitated Particles
• Chapter 3: Atom Trapping and Manipulation by Radiation Pressure Forces
  • 3.1. Early Concepts and Experiments with Atoms
    • 3.1.1. Deflection of atoms by the scattering force
    • 3.1.2. Doppler cooling of atoms using the scattering force and fluctuational heating of atoms
    • 3.1.3. Damping of macroscopic particles
    • 3.1.4. Saturation of the gradient force on atoms
    • 3.1.5. Optimum potential p for a given laser power
    • 3.1.6. Conservative and nonconservative properties of the radiation pressure force components
    • 3.1.7. Two-beam optical dipole traps for atoms
    • 3.1.8. Single-beam optical dipole trap or tweezer trap for atoms
    • 3.1.9. Separate trapping and cooling beams and the Stark shift problem
    • 3.1.10. First demonstration of the dipole force on atoms using detuned light
    • 3.1.11. Origin of atom optics
  • 3.2. Theoretical Aspects of Optical Forces on Atoms
    • 3.2.1. Quantum theory of “The motion of atoms in a radiation trap”
    • 3.2.2. Optical Stark shifts and dipole force traps for atoms
    • 3.2.3. Optical dipole forces
    • 3.2.4. Conservation of momentum in light scattering by atoms and sub-micrometer particles
• Chapter 4: Summary of the First Decades Work on Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Particles

III. 1980-1990

• Chapter 5: Trapping of Atoms and Biological Particles in the 1980-1990 Decade
  • 5.1. Optical Trapping and Cooling of Neutral Atoms in the Decade 1980-1990
    • 5.1.1. Slowing of atomic beams by the scattering force
    • 5.1.2. Scattering force traps and the optical Earnshaw theorem
    • 5.1.3. Arrival of Steve Chu at the Holmdel Laboratory
    • 5.1.4. Planning for the first atom trapping experiment
    • 5.1.5. Stable alternating beam scattering force atom traps
    • 5.1.6. First demonstration of optical molasses and early work on an optical trap
    • 5.1.7. Cooling below the Doppler limit of molasses and below the recoil limit
    • 5.1.8. Evaporative cooling from optical dipole traps
    • 5.1.9. First atom trapping experiment using the single-beam dipole trap
    • 5.1.10. Proposal for stable spontaneous force light traps
    • 5.1.11. Nature’s comments on the first atom trapping experiment
    • 5.1.12. The first experimental demonstration of a MOT
    • 5.1.13. Radiation trapping in MOTs
    • 5.1.14. Atom cooling below the Doppler limit
  • 5.2. Trapping of Biological Particles
    • 5.2.1. Artificial nonlinear media
    • 5.2.2. Trapping of submicrometer Rayleigh particles
    • 5.2.3. Tweezer trapping of micrometer-sized dielectric spheres
    • 5.2.4. Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria
    • 5.2.5. Optical alignment of tobacco mosaic viruses
    • 5.2.6. Fixed particle arrays of tobacco mosaic viruses
    • 5.2.7. Tweezer trapping of bacteria and “opticution”
    • 5.2.8. Tweezer trapping of bacteria in a high-resolution microscope
    • 5.2.9. Optical tweezers using infrared light from a Nd
       

IV. 1990-2006

• IVA: Biological Applications
  • Chapter 6: General Biological Applications
  • Chapter 7: Use of Optical Tweezers to Study Single Motor Molecules
  • Chapter 8: Applications to RNA and DNA
  • Chapter 9: Study of the Mechanical Properties of Other Macromolecules with Optical Tweezers
• IVB: Other Recent Applications in Physics and Chemistry
  • Chapter 10: Origin of Tweezer Forces on Macroscopic Particles Using Highly Focused Beams
  • Chapter 11: Study of Charge-Stabilized Colloidal Suspensions
  • Chapter 12: Rotation of Particles by Radiation Pressure
  • Chapter 13: Microchemistry
  • Chapter 14: Holographic Optical Tweezers and Fluidic Sorting
• IVC: Applications of Atom Trapping and Cooling
  • Chapter 15: Uses of Slow Atoms
  • Chapter 16: Introduction to Bose-Einstein Condensation
  • Chapter 17: Role of All-Optical Traps and MOTs in Atomic Physics
  • Chapter 18: Spinor Condensates in Optical Dipole Traps
  • Chapter 19: Feshbach Resonances
  • Chapter 20: Recent Work on Bose-Einstein Condensation
  • Chapter 21: Trapping Single Atoms with Single Photons in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
  • Chapter 22: Trapping of Single Atoms in an Off-Resonance Optical Dipole Trap
  • Chapter 23: Vortices and Frictionless Flow in Bose-Einstein Condensates
  • Chapter 24: Trapping and Manipulation of Small Molecules
  • Chapter 25: Trapped Fermi Gases

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