Advances in surgical pathology 1st edition by Jae Ro, Steven Shen, Qigui Zhai, Alberto ISBN 1469828107 9781469828107

SECTION I: Overview and Clinical Aspects

1: Introduction and Prostate Cancer Statistics

INTRODUCTION

INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY

AGE AT DIAGNOSIS

RACIAL VARIATION

INTERNATIONAL VARIATION

TREND (INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY)

SURVIVAL

References

2: Overview of the Clinical Management of Prostate Cancer

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

SCREENING

CLINICAL EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT OF LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER

SURGERY

EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY

BRACHYTHERAPY

TREATMENT OF METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER

References

3: New Imaging Technique in the Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer

INTRODUCTION AND NORMAL ANATOMY

PROSTATE CANCER

References

SECTION II: Normal Histology and Benign Prostate Cancer Mimickers

4: Normal Prostate Histology: Diagnostically Significant Features

NORMAL ANATOMY AND PROSTATE ZONAL HISTOLOGY

NORMAL STRUCTURES MIMICKING PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA

References

5: Benign Mimickers of Prostate Cancer

NORMAL ANATOMIC STRUCTURES/TISSUE MIMIC PROSTATE CANCER

BENIGN LESIONS MIMIC PROSTATE CANCER

References

SECTION III: Precursor Conditions of Prostate Cancer

6: Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia

INTRODUCTION

INCIDENCE

PIN IN TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE (TURP)

AUTOPSY SERIES

PIN IN RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY/CYSTOPROSTATECTOMY SERIES

PIN IN BIOPSY STUDIES

AGE DISTRIBUTION IN PIN

ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION IN PIN

ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF PIN

SINGLE FOCUS OF HIGH-GRADE PIN ON PROSTATE BIOPSIES AND CANCER RISK

MULTIFOCAL HIGH-GRADE PIN ON PROSTATE BIOPSIES AND CANCER RISK ON EXTENDED BIOPSIES

HIGH-GRADE PIN ON TURP

HIGH-GRADE PIN ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL GLANDS OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF PIN

MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF PIN

ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS OF PIN AND HISTOLOGIC VARIANTS

UNCOMMON HISTOLOGIC VARIANTS

MINOR HISTOLOGIC CHANGES

PIN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

CENTRAL ZONE GLANDS

EJACULATORY DUCT AND SEMINAL VESICLE

CLEAR CELL CRIBRIFORM HYPERPLASIA (CCCH)

BASAL CELL HYPERPLASIA

DUCTAL (ENDOMETRIOID) ADENOCARCINOMA AND CRIBRIFORM CARCINOMA

PIN-LIKE DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND PIN

GENETIC AND MOLECULAR STUDIES

ASSOCIATION WITH CANCER

References

7: Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia

References

8: Atrophy and Other Putative Preneoplastic Lesions

ATROPHIC LESIONS

OTHER PUTATIVE PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS

References

SECTION IV: Histopathology of Prostate Cancer

9: Histopathology of Prostate Cancer

GROSS FINDINGS

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF PROSTATE CANCER

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

VANISHING PROSTATE CANCER PHENOMENON

References

10: Gleason Grading System

THE NEED FOR MODIFICATION OF THE GLEASON SYSTEM

APPLICATIONS OF THE GLEASON SYSTEM AND CURRENT CONCEPTS REGARDING GLEASON GRADING

IMPACT OF THE MODIFIED GLEASON GRADING SYSTEM

References

11: Variants of Prostate Cancer

TRANSITION ZONE CARCINOMA

ATROPHIC CARCINOMA

FOAMY GLAND (XANTHOMATOUS) CARCINOMA

MICROCYSTIC CARCINOMA

MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA

SIGNET-RING CELL CARCINOMA

DUCTAL (FORMERLY “ENDOMETRIAL”) ADENOCARCINOMA

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

SQUAMOUS AND ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA

UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA

ADENOID CYSTIC/BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

MISCELLANEOUS CARCINOMAS

References

12: Morphologic Changes Following Treatment

RADIATION THERAPY

ANDROGEN ABLATION (HORMONAL) THERAPY

OTHER TREATMENT

References

13: Mesenchymal Lesions of the Prostate

PEDIATRIC MESENCHYMAL TUMORS INVOLVING PROSTATE GLAND

ADULT SPINDLE CELL LESIONS INVOLVING THE PROSTATE GLAND

References

SECTION V: Immunostains and Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer

14: Use of Immunostains in Diagnosis

PROSTATE EPITHELIAL MARKERS

BASAL CELL MARKERS

MARKERS POSITIVELY EXPRESSED IN PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS

COCKTAILS OF AMACR AND BASAL CELL MARKERS

NEUROENDOCRINE CELL MARKERS

MESENCHYMAL DIFFERENTIATION MARKERS

OTHER MARKERS

ATYPICAL SMALL GLANDULAR PROLIFERATION

ATYPICAL LARGE GLANDULAR PROLIFERATION

ATROPHIC GLANDS VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

NEPHROGENIC ADENOMA VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

NEPHROGENIC ADENOMA VERSUS URINARY BLADDER CLEAR-CELL ADENOCARCINOMA

SINGLE INDIVIDUAL CELL PATTERNS AND POSTRADIOTHERAPY CARCINOMA

POORLY DIFFERENTIATED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA VERSUS HIGH-GRADE PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

COWPER GLANDS VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

SECONDARY COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOSIS/ATYPICAL ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

FLORID BASAL CELL HYPERPLASIA VERSUS HIGH-GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA INVADING SEMINAL VESICLE

PSEUDOHYPERPLASTIC ADENOCARCINOMA VERSUS BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

PARAGANGLIA VERSUS HIGH-GRADE PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

SCLEROSING ADENOSIS VERSUS PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA

XANTHOMATOUS CELLS AND/OR NONSPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS VERSUS HIGH-GRADE PROSTATE ADENOCARC

ATYPICAL GLANDS WITH MARKED CAUTERY EFFECT

References

15: Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer

INTRODUCTION

FAMILIAL AND HEREDITARY PROSTATE CANCER

CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS

EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS

GENE FUSIONS

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR

TELOMERASE SHORTENING

GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING

MICRO RNA

TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

References

SECTION VI: Staging, Reporting, and Prognostic Factors of Prostate Cancer

16: Prognostic Factors and the Pathology Report

GLEASON SCORE

SURGICAL MARGINS

PATHOLOGIC STAGING OF PROSTATE CANCER

OTHER PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

References

17: Current Issues and New Developments in Tumor Staging

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING PATHOLOGIC STAGING OF PC

N AND M: LYMPH NODE EVALUATION AND DISTANT METASTASES

SURGICAL MARGIN STATUS

References

Index