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American Public Policy 12th Edition By Guy Peters ISBN 1071809204 9781071809204

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ISBN 10: 1071809204
ISBN 13: 9781071809204
Author: Guy Peters

American Public Policy provides a comprehensive overview of the policy-making process. From procedural approaches and policy instruments to in-depth analysis of specific policy issues, bestselling author B. Guy Peters does not shy away from the complexity of governmental procedure and ensures that the mechanisms of the policy process are understandable through the discussion of topical policy areas.     The Twelfth Edition shows readers how the background for policy in the United States has changed dramatically over the past several years in the midst of political polarization and gridlock, unemployment and recessions, and calls for greater diversity and inclusion. New topics include the eroding trust in government, the COVID-19 pandemic and relief packages, the expanding national debt, the rising costs of health care and calls for “Medicare for All”, the rollback of environmental regulations under the Trump administration, and the rebuilding of alliances abroad. Included with this text The online resources for your text are available via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site.

American Public Policy 12th Table of contents:

PART I: THE NATURE OF PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 1: What Is Public Policy?

  • Defining Public Policy

  • The Instruments of Public Policy

    • Law

    • Services

    • Money

    • Taxes

    • Other Economic Instruments

    • Suasion

    • The Effects of Tools

  • The Environment of Public Policy

    • Conservatism

    • Participation

    • Pragmatism

    • Wealth

    • Diversity

    • World Leadership

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 2: The Structure of Policymaking in American Government

  • Federalism

  • Separation of Powers

  • Subgovernments

  • Public and Private

  • The Size and Shape of the Public Sector

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 3: Explaining Policy Choices

  • Power and Public Policy

  • The Policy Process—The Stages Model

  • Institutional Models of Policy

  • Advocacy-Coalition Framework

  • Policy Causes Politics

    • Policy Styles

    • Policy Instruments

  • Bounded Rationality, Multiple Streams, and Incrementalism

  • The Private Sector, Iron Triangles, and Networks

  • Optimal Decision-Making

  • Constructivist Models

  • Summary

  • Notes

PART II: THE MAKING OF PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 4: Agenda Setting and Public Policy

  • Agenda Setting

  • Kinds of Agendas

  • Who Sets Agendas?

    • Pluralist Approaches

    • Elitist Approaches

    • State-Centric Approaches

  • From Problem to Issue: How to Get Problems on the Agenda

    • The Effects of the Problem

    • Analogous and Spillover Agenda Setting

    • Relationship to Symbols

    • Focusing Events

    • The Absence of Private Means

    • The Availability of Technology

  • Policy Formulation

    • Who Formulates Policy?

      • The Public Bureaucracy

      • Think Tanks and Shadow Cabinets

      • Interest Groups

      • Members of Congress

    • How to Formulate Policy

      • Aids for Policy Formulation

        • Cost-Benefit Analysis

        • Decision Analysis

  • Policy Design

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 5: Legitimating Policy Choices

  • Legislative Legitimation

  • Regulations and the Administrative Process

    • Public Access to the Regulatory Process

    • The Processes of Writing Regulations

  • The Courts

  • Popular Legitimation

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 6: Organizations and Implementation

  • Dramatis Personae

  • Implementation

    • The Legislation

    • Policy Issues

    • Political Setting

    • Interest Group Liberalism

  • The Organizational Setting

    • Organizational Disunity

    • Standard Operating Procedures

    • Organizational Communication

    • Time Problems

    • Horse-Shoe-Nail Problems and Public Planning

    • Interorganizational Politics

    • Vertical Implementation Structures

    • Horizontal Implementation Structures

    • From the Bottom Up?

    • The Third Generation?

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 7: Budgeting—Allocation and Public Policy

  • Characteristics of the Federal Budget

    • An Executive Budget

    • The Line Item

    • An Annual Budget

  • The Budget Cycle

    • Setting the Parameters: The President and His Friends

    • Agency Requests

    • Executive Review

    • Congressional Action

    • Budget Execution

    • Budget Control

  • Problems in the Budget Process

    • The Deficit

    • Uncontrollable Expenditures

    • Backdoor Spending

      • Borrowing Authority

      • Contract Authority

      • Permanent Appropriations

    • The Overhang

  • Intergovernmental Budget Control

  • Reprogramming and Transfers

  • The Defense Budget

  • Supplemental Appropriations

  • Earmarks

  • Assessing the Outcomes: Incrementalism or What?

    • Critiques of Incrementalism

  • Reforming Budgeting: Large-Scale Approaches in the 1960s and 1970s

    • Program Budgeting

    • Criticism of Program Budgeting

    • The Rebirth of Program Budgeting

    • Zero-Base Budgeting

  • From Scalpels to Axes: Budget Reform from the 1980s Onward

    • Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and Its Sequels

    • The Balanced Budget Amendment

    • The Line-Item Veto

    • Decrementalism

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 8: Evaluation and Policy Change

  • Problems in Evaluating Public Programs

    • Goal Specification and Goal Change

    • Measurement

    • Targets

    • Efficiency and Effectiveness

    • Values and Evaluation

    • Politics

  • Increasing Requirements for Evaluation

  • Politics of Evaluation

  • Policy Change

  • Summary

  • Notes

PART III: SUBSTANTIVE POLICY ISSUES

Chapter 9: Economic Policy

  • Background

  • The Goals of Economic Policy

    • Economic Growth

    • Full Employment

    • Stable Prices

    • A Positive Balance of Payments

    • Structural Change

  • The Instruments of Economic Policy

    • Fiscal Policy

      • Making Fiscal Policy

      • Supply-Side Economics

    • Monetary Policy

    • Regulations and Control

    • Public Support for Business

    • Public Ownership

    • Public Support for Labor

    • Incentives

    • Moral Suasion

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 10: Tax Policy

  • Background

  • Public Opinion and Taxation

    • Fairness

    • Value for Money

  • Choices in Tax Policy

    • Collectibility

    • Fiscal Neutrality

    • Buoyancy

    • Distributive Effects

    • Visibility

  • The Politics of Tax Reform

    • The Tax Reform Act of 1986

    • Tax Reform in the 1990s

    • Tax Reform in the George W. Bush Administration

    • Tax Reform in the Obama Administration

    • Tax Reform in the Trump Administration

  • Proposals for Further Fundamental Tax Reform

    • The Flat Tax

    • National Consumption Tax

    • Integrating Corporate and Personal Taxation

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 11: Health Care Policies

  • Problems in Health Care

    • Access to Medical Care

    • Cost

    • Quality

  • The Affordable Care Act of 2010

  • Repeal and Replace, or What?

  • Public Programs in Health Care

    • Medicare

    • Medicaid

    • Health Maintenance Organizations: Managing Managed Care

  • Health Care Regulation

    • Hospital and Physician Costs

    • Health Care Quality

    • Drug Regulation

  • Options for National Health Insurance

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 12: Social Security and Welfare

  • Social Insurance

    • Problems in Social Security

      • The Retirement Test

      • Fixed Retirement Age

      • The Treatment of Women and Families

      • The Disability Test

      • Financing Social Security

    • Reforming Social Security

  • Means-Tested Programs

    • AFDC and the Origins of Welfare

    • Stigmatization

    • Punishment for Working

    • Family Structure

    • Costs and Benefits

    • The 1996 Reforms and PRWORA

    • Implementing Workfare

    • Alternatives for Further Reform of Income Support

      • Family Allowances

      • The Negative Income Tax

      • Child Support

      • Full Employment

      • The War on Poverty

    • Other Means-Tested Programs

  • The Persistence of Poverty in the United States

    • The Homeless

    • Private Social Programs

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 13: Education Policy

  • The Federal Government’s Role in Education

    • Local Financing and the Federal Role

    • Higher Education

    • Elementary and Secondary Education

      • The Elementary and Secondary Education Act

      • No Child Left Behind

      • Common Core

  • Issues of Education Policy

    • Quality of Education

    • Vouchers and Choice

    • Competency Testing

    • Testing Teacher Competence

    • Unionization and Management

    • Equalization of Resources

    • Desegregation and Busing

    • Higher Education Costs

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 14: Energy and the Environment

  • Energy Policy

    • Background

    • Energy Sources

      • Oil

      • Natural Gas

      • Coal

      • Nuclear Power

      • Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources

    • The Formation of Energy Policy

      • Federal Energy Policy

      • The States and Energy Policy

  • Environmental Policies

    • The Politics of Pollution

    • Environmental Legislation

      • Water Pollution

      • Air Pollution

      • Environmental Impact Statements

      • Toxic Waste

      • Endangered Species Act

      • Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases

    • Implementation of Environmental Controls

    • Alternatives to Regulation

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 15: Defense and Law Enforcement

  • Background

  • Defense Policy

    • The Environment of Defense Policy

    • Adversaries and Potential Adversaries

    • Allies

    • Technology

    • Public Opinion

    • US Force Configurations

  • Problems of Defense Policy

    • Military Procurement

    • The All-Volunteer Military

    • Other Personnel Issues

    • Conventional Forces and Strategies

    • Defense and/or Jobs

  • Law Enforcement

    • Federal Law Enforcement

    • Federal Support to State and Local Governments

  • Issues in Law Enforcement Policy

    • The Causes of Crime

    • Race and Racial Profiling

    • Gun Control

    • The Death Penalty

    • Rates of Incarceration

    • The Rights of the Accused

  • Summary

  • Notes

Chapter 16: Social Values and Public Policy

  • Background

  • Abortion and Reproductive Rights

    • The Rhetoric of Abortion Politics

    • Political and Policy Reactions to Roe and Doe

  • LGBTQ Rights: Politics Comes Out of the Closet

    • Gay Rights and Public Policy

  • The Separation of Church and State: School Prayer and Other Issues

  • Legalization of Marijuana

  • Summary

  • Notes

PART IV: ANALYZING PUBLIC POLICY

Chapter 17: Policy Analysis—Cost-Benefit Analysis and Ethical Analysis

  • Cost-Benefit Analysis

    • Principles of Cost-Benefit Analysis

    • Doing Cost-Benefit Analysis

      • Determining Costs and Benefits

      • Assigning Value

      • Discounting

      • Choosing Among Projects

      • Extensions

      • Criticism and Modification

  • Ethical Analysis of Public Policy

    • Fundamental Value Premises

      • The Preservation of Life

      • The Preservation of Individual Autonomy

      • Truthfulness

      • Fairness

      • The Concept of Desert

  • Summary

  • Notes

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