Biomechanics of the Spine Basic Concepts Spinal Disorders and Treatments 1st edition by Fabio Galbusera, Hans Joachim Wilke ISBN 0128128518 978-0128128510

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ISBN 10: 0128128518
ISBN 13: 978-0128128510
Author: Fabio Galbusera, Hans Joachim Wilke

Biomechanics of the Spine encompasses the basics of spine biomechanics, spinal tissues, spinal disorders and treatment methods. Organized into four parts, the first chapters explore the functional anatomy of the spine, with special emphasis on aspects which are biomechanically relevant and quite often neglected in clinical literature. The second part describes the mechanics of the individual spinal tissues, along with commonly used testing set-ups and the constitutive models used to represent them in mathematical studies. The third part covers in detail the current methods which are used in spine research: experimental testing, numerical simulation and in vivo studies (imaging and motion analysis). The last part covers the biomechanical aspects of spinal pathologies and their surgical treatment.

This valuable reference is ideal for bioengineers who are involved in spine biomechanics, and spinal surgeons who are looking to broaden their biomechanical knowledge base. The contributors to this book are from the leading institutions in the world that are researching spine biomechanics.

Biomechanics of the Spine Basic Concepts Spinal Disorders and Treatments 1st Table of contents:

Section 1: The Human Spine

Chapter 1: The Spine: Its Evolution, Function, and Shape

Abstract

The Evolution of the Spine

Comparative Spinal Anatomy in Vertebrates

The Upright Position

Functions of the Spine

The Human Spine

Chapter 2: The Cervical Spine

Abstract

Anatomy/Physiology

Biomechanics

Numerical Simulation

Chapter 3: Basic Biomechanics of the Thoracic Spine and Rib Cage

Abstract

Functional Anatomy

Quantitative Anatomy of the Thoracic Vertebrae

Thoracic Facet Orientations

Morphology of the Thoracic Intervertebral Discs

Thoracic Spinal Ligaments

Costovertebral and Costotransversal Joints

Morphology of the Rib Cage

Thoracic Spinal Range of Motion and Neutral Zone

Kinematics of the Thoracic Spinal Motion Segment

Coupled Motions of the Thoracic Spine

Loads Acting on the Thoracic Spine

Stability of the Thoracic Spine

Effect of the Rib Cage on the Thoracic Spine

Numerical Models of the Thoracic Spine and Rib Cage

Chapter 4: Basic Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine

Abstract

Anatomy and Physiology

Lumbar Spinal Motion

Rotatory Parameters

Height Decrease From Compression

Instantaneous Center of Rotation/Centrodes

Helical Axes

Loading of the Lumbar Spine

Section 2: Biomechanics of Spinal Tissues

Chapter 5: The Vertebral Bone

Abstract

Acknowledgments

The Hierarchical Structure of the Vertebral Bone

Bone Remodeling

Mechanical Behavior of the Vertebral Bone

Computational Models of the Vertebral Bone

Chapter 6: Intervertebral Disc

Abstract

Introduction

Biological and Molecular Characteristics of the Intervertebral Disc

From Tissue Composition to Biomechanical Properties

Future Directions and Conclusive Remarks

Chapter 7: The Mechanical Role of Collagen Fibers in the Intervertebral Disc

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Collagen Multiscale Systems and Their Mechanical Function in the Intervertebral Disc

Collagen Types in the Intervertebral Disc

Numerical Modeling of the Collagen Fibers in the IVD (Heterogeneous Models)

Chapter 8: Vertebral Endplates

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Endplates

Forces Acting on the Endplates

Endplate Structure and How It Is Integrated With Its Surroundings

Cartilaginous Endplate

Annulus-Endplate Junction

Nucleus-Endplate Integration

Failure of the Endplates

Vertebral Fracture

Annulus-Endplate Junction Failure

Nucleus-Endplate Junction

Chapter 9: Spinal Muscles

Abstract

Introduction

Physiology

Anatomy

Modeling

Conclusion

Section 3: Methods

Chapter 10: In Vivo Studies: Spinal Imaging

Abstract

Imaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Disorders

Imaging Modalities—Basics and Historical Perspective

Spinal Morphology

Spinal Motion

Spinal Deformities

Imaging of the Intervertebral Disc

Chapter 11: In Vivo Measurements: Motion Analysis

Abstract

Introduction

Optoelectronic Systems

Spine Protocols

Clinical Applications of Motion Analysis

Wearable Sensors

Chapter 12: In Vitro Testing of Cadaveric Specimens

Abstract

Introduction

Specimens

Loading Protocols

Spine Testers

Measurement of the Intradiscal Pressure and Stress

Cyclic Loading

Fluid Flow and Time-Dependent Response

Chapter 13: Standard Testing

Abstract

Introduction: Advantages and Disadvantages of Standard Testing

Overview of Current Available Standards for Testing Spinal Devices

Study Cases

Conclusions/Future Trends

Chapter 14: Mathematical and Finite Element Modeling

Abstract

Historical Perspective

The Role of the Finite Element Method in Biomechanics

The Finite Element Method

Creating a Finite Element Model

Verification and Validation

Structural Numerical Models of the Spine

Multiphysical Numerical Models

Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal Modeling

Abstract

The Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach

Modeling Software

Modeling the Spine in Physiological Conditions

Modeling the Spine in Pathological Scenarios

Chapter 16: Animal Models for Spine Biomechanics

Abstract

Why Use Animal Models?

Spinal Loads

Spinal Flexibility and Range of Motion

Structural and Biological Differences Between Humans and Common Animal Models

Disc Anatomy

Vertebral Body Anatomy

Nature of the Nucleus-Chondrodystrophoid Human (or Ovine, Bovine) Versus Non-Chondrodystrophoid (Pigs, Rodents, Some Dogs)

Biological Composition

Animal Models of Spine Deformities and Degenerative Process

Section 4: Spinal Disorders and Spine Surgery

Degenerative Disorders

Chapter 17: Fixation and Fusion

Abstract

Introduction

Spinal Fixation With Pedicle Screws

Posterolateral Fusion (PLF) in Thoracolumbar Spine

Interbody Thoracolumbar Fusion

Interbody Cervical Fusion

Conclusion

Chapter 18: Motion Preservation

Abstract

Rationale for Motion Preservation Surgery

Cervical Artificial Discs

Lumbar Artificial Discs

Pedicle-Anchored Lumbar Dynamic Stabilization

Other Motion-Preserving Devices

Spinal Deformities

Chapter 19: Scoliosis

Abstract

Overview

Chapter 20: Neuromuscular Disorders

Abstract

Introduction

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Parkinson’s Disease

Surgical Treatment

Chapter 21: Sagittal Imbalance

Abstract

The Global Alignment and the Spino-Pelvic Parameters

Aging and Pathological Changes in the Sagittal Alignment and Compensatory Mechanisms

Surgical Treatment of Sagittal Imbalance

Vertebral Osteotomies

Biomechanical Studies of Sagittal Imbalance and Realignment

Trauma and Tumors

Chapter 22: Biomechanics of Vertebral Fractures and Their Treatment

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Injury Mechanisms

Diagnostic Imaging

Spinal Fracture Classification

Treatment Principles and Biomechanics of Spinal Fracture Stabilization

Chapter 23: Spine Tumors

Abstract

Tumors Involving the Spine

Vertebral Lesions

Imaging of Spinal Tumors

Fracture Mechanisms

Fracture Risk Prediction

Experimental Testing of Neoplastic Spines

Glossary of Spine Biomechanics

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Tags: Fabio Galbusera, Hans Joachim Wilke, Spine Basic, Spinal Disorders