Bioprinting Principles and Applications 1st edition by Chee Kai Chua, Wai Yee Yeong – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9814612103, 978-9814612104
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ISBN 10: 9814612103
ISBN 13: 978-9814612104
Author: Chee Kai Chua, Wai Yee Yeong
At labs around the world, researchers have been experimenting with bioprinting, first just to see whether it was possible to push cells through a printhead without killing them (in most cases it is), and then trying to make cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels, small bits of liver and other tissues. There are other ways to try to “engineer” tissue — one involves creating a scaffold out of plastics or other materials and adding cells to it. In theory, at least, a bioprinter has advantages in manipulating control of the placement of cells and other components to mimic natural structures.But just as the claims made for 3-D printing technology sometimes exceed the reality, the field of bioprinting has seen its share of hype. The reality is that, although bioprinting researchers have made great strides, there are many formidable obstacles to overcome. Nobody who has any credibility claims they can print organs, or believes in their heart of hearts that that will happen in the next 20 years, but for operations like hip replacement, advance in Bio-printing has made customization of certain body parts possible.This book will start from the concept of Tissue Engineering, covering various approaches in Scaffolds for tissue engineering, Bioprinting techniques and Materials for bioprinting, Cell processing, 3D cell culture techniques, Computational design and simulation, multi-disciplinary approaches in bioprinting and finally cover the applications of bioprinting.
Bioprinting Principles and Applications 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Introduction to Tissue Engineering
1.1 Organ Shortage
1.2 Current Therapies for Tissue Substitutes
1.2.1 Organ transplantation
1.2.2 Medical device
1.3 Tissue Engineering
1.3.1 Definition
1.3.2 Historical development
1.3.3 The promises of tissue engineering
1.4 Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
1.4.1 Process
1.4.2 Example – tissue engineered bladder scaffolds for cystoplasty
1.4.3 Challenges
1.4.4 The promises of bioprinting
References
Problems
Chapter 2. Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
2.1 Requirements and Considerations for Fabrication of Scaffolds
2.2 Conventional Fabrication Techniques of Scaffolds
2.2.1 Fibre bonding
2.2.2 Melt moulding
2.2.3 Extrusion
2.2.4 Electrospining
2.2.5 Solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL)
2.2.6 Membrane lamination
2.2.7 Freeze-drying
2.2.8 Phase separation
2.2.9 Gas foaming
2.2.10 Peptide self-assembly
2.2.11 Polymer/ceramic composite foam fabrication
2.2.12 Summary
2.3 Additive Manufacturing Techniques of Scaffolds: Direct Methods
2.3.1 Melt-dissolution deposition technique
2.3.2 Particle-bonding techniques
2.4 Additive Manufacturing Techniques of Scaffolds: Indirect Methods
2.4.1 Droplet Deposition
2.4.2 Melt-dissolution deposition
2.4.3 Photopolymerisation
2.4.4 Summary
2.5 Applications of Additive Manufactured Scaffolds
2.6 Challenges of Additive Manufacturing in Tissue Engineering
2.7 Clinical Considerations with Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering
2.7.1 Immune reactions
2.7.2 Degradation of Scaffolds in vivo
2.7.3 Risks of Infection
References
Problems
Chapter 3. Bioprinting Techniques
3.1 Bioprinting
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Overview of 3D bioprinting processes
3.2 Extrusion I
3.2.1 Company: EnvisionTEC
3.2.2 Product: 3D-Bioplotter® System
3.2.1 Process and principle
3.3 Extrusion II
3.3.1 Company: Organovo
3.3.2 Product: NovoGen MMX Bioprinter™
3.3.3 Process
3.3.4 Principle
3.3.5 Strengths and weaknesses
3.4 Extrusion III
3.4.1 Company: GeSiM
3.4.2 Product: BioScaffolder
3.5 Extrusion IV
3.5.1 Company: Cyfuse Biomedical K.K. .
3.5.2 Product (Regenova®) and Process
3.6 Inkjet Printing I
3.6.1 Company: Fujifilm
3.6.2 Product: Dimatix Materials Printer (DMP)
3.6.3 Process and principle
3.6.4 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.7 Inkjet Printing II
3.7.1 Company: Microjet Corporation
3.7.2 Product: LabJet-Bio System
3.7.3 Process and Principle
3.7.4 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.8 Light Processing
3.8.1 Company: RegenHU
3.8.2 Products: BioFactory® and 3DDiscovery®
3.8.3 Major feature: combination
3.9 Valve-Based Printing I
3.9.1 Company: Digilab
3.9.2 Product: CellJet Printer
3.9.3 Process and Principle: Digilab’s synQUAD Technology
3.9.4 Strengths and weaknesses
3.10 Valve-Based Printing II
3.10.1 Company: nScrypt
3.10.2 Products: Tabletop and 300 Series Printers
3.10.3 Process and principle
3.11 Laser Printing
3.11.1 Laser Guidance Direct Write (LGDW)
3.11.2 Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT)
3.12 Electrohydrodynamic Jetting (EHDJ) Technology
3.13 Examples
3.13.1 Organovo 3D Bioprinted Human Liver Tissue
3.13.2 Digilab Bioprinted Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs)
Chapter 4. Material for Bioprinting
4.1 Overview of Biomaterials
4.1.1 Overview of biomaterials and its definition
4.1.2 Requirements of biomaterials in tissue engineering
4.2 Polymers
4.2.1 Natural polymers
4.2.2 Synthetic polymers
4.3 Ceramics and Glasses
4.3.1 Hydroxyapatite (HAP)
4.3.2 Alumina
4.3.3 Bioactive glass
4.3.4 Clinical products
4.4 Hydrogels
4.4.1 Natural polymers
4.4.2 Synthetic hydrogels
4.4.3 Key hydrogel properties in bioprinting
4.5 Integrative Support Materials
References
Problems
Chapter 5. Cell Sources for Bioprinting
5.1 Cell Sources
5.1.1 Autologous cells
5.1.2 Allogeneic cells
5.1.3 Xenogeneic cells
5.2 Potential for Expansion and Differentiation
5.2.1 Specialised cells
5.2.2 Stem cells
5.3 Processing of Cells for Bioprinting
5.3.1 Individual cells for bioprinting
5.3.2 Cell spheroids for bioprinting
References
Problems
Chapter 6. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
6.1 The Importance of 3D Cell Culture
6.1.1 3D vs 2D cell culture
6.2 3D Cell Culture Models
6.2.1 Scaffold-based 3D cell culture
6.2.2 Scaffold-free multicellular spheroids
6.3 Gels for 3D Cell Culture
6.4 Bioreactors for 3D Cell Culture
6.4.1 What is a bioreactor
6.4.2 Spinner flask bioreactor
6.4.3 Rotating wall bioreactor
6.4.4 Fixed wall bioreactor
6.4.5 Compression bioreactor
6.4.6 Strain bioreactor
6.4.7 Hydrostatic pressure bioreactor
6.4.8 Flow perfusion bioreactor
6.4.9 Bioreactor with pulsatile pressure
6.4.10 Applications of bioreactor on cell culture research
6.5 Microchips for 3D Cell Culture
6.6 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 7. Computational Design and Simulation
7.1 Tissue/Organ 3D Model Creation
7.1.1 Data acquisition, reconstruction and 3D representation
7.1.2 Bioinformatics: 2D versus 3D analysis
7.1.3 3D image representation
7.1.4 Additive manufacturing-based medical modelling
7.2 Scaffold 3D Model Creation
7.2.1 Tissue identification
7.2.2 Analysis of cells
7.2.3 Anatomic registration
7.3 Computer-Aided Tissue Scaffold Design and Manufacturing
7.3.1 Biomimetic modelling
7.3.2 Design for tissue scaffolds
7.4 Case Studies
7.4.1 Computer-aided System for Tissue Scaffolds (CASTS)
7.4.2 Computer-aided Tissue Engineering of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
7.5 Computational Modelling for Bioprinting
7.5.1 Importance of Computational Modelling for Bioprinting
7.5.2 The development of computational models
7.5.3 Tissue spheroid and cell aggregate fusion
7.5.4 Modelling of printed structure
References
Problems
Chapter 8. Applications of Bioprinting: Challenges and Potential
8.1 Challenges of Bioprinting
8.1.1 Regulatory issues
8.1.2 Technical and operational issues
8.2 Potential of 3D Bioprinting
8.2.1 Skin Tissue Engineering
8.2.2 Bone tissue engineering
8.2.3 Vascular graft
8.2.4 Heart tissue engineering
8.2.5 Cartilage tissue engineering
8.2.6 Bioprinted tissue models, drug discovery and toxicology
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