Callen’s Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6th edition by Mary Norton- Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0323328342 , 978-0323328340
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ISBN 10: 0323328342
ISBN 13: 978-0323328340
Author: Mary Norton
Get outstanding guidancefrom the world’s most trusted reference on OB/GYN ultrasound. Now brought to you by lead editor Dr. Mary Norton, Callen’s Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology has been completely and exhaustively updated by a team of obstetric, gynecologic, and radiology experts to reflect the most recent advances in the field. It addresses the shift in today’s practice to a collaborative effort among radiologists, perinatologists, and OB/GYNs, with new emphasis placed on genetics and clinical management. This must-have resource covers virtually all aspects of fetal, obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound ― from the common to the rare ― in one essential clinical reference, allowing you to practice with absolute confidence.
- Highly templated, full-color format allows you to locate information more quickly.
- Full-color medical illustrations present key anatomic details in a clear manner.
- Thousands of digital-quality images depict the complete range of normal and abnormal imaging presentations.
- Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices. You’ll also access 20 real-time ultrasound videos of the fetal heart and other structures.
- Provides extensive updates of text and images, including the latest in imaging, Doppler techniques, genetic testing, and clinical management.
- Brand new chapters provide up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of topics relevant to current practice:
-First Trimester Fetal Anatomy
-Obstetric Ultrasound and the Obese Patient
-Evaluation of Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Patient
-Gynecologic Ultrasound in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient
-Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urogynecology
-The Role of Ultrasound in Gynecologic Interventions
- Highlights significant new genetic testing content, including correlation with ultrasound evaluation of the fetus.
- Places increased emphasis on 3-dimensional imaging and correlative imaging with magnetic resonance (MR).
- Features new practice guidelines for obstetric evaluation (including first trimester assessment) and gynecologic management (including evaluation of the endometrium and of ovarian masses).
- Features new information about fetal imaging guidelines from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
- Provides expanded discussion of fetal, obstetric, and gynecologic interventions with new emphasis onclinical use and application of ultrasound imaging.
- Includes key and comprehensive reference data used for evaluation of fetal growth and other specialized measurements.
Callen’s Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6th Table of contents:
Section I Obstetrics
1 Obstetric Ultrasound Examination
Safety of Ultrasound Examination
Indications for Obstetric Ultrasound Examination
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Guidelines
Ultrasound Equipment and Documentation
The First Trimester Ultrasound Examination
The Second and Third Trimester Ultrasound Examinations
Verbiage Used in the AIUM/ACR/ACOG Guidelines
Interpretation of the Ultrasound Examination
California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI)
Conclusion
References
2 Genetics and Prenatal Genetic Testing
Genetics and Birth Defects
Developmental Disorders: Causes, Mechanisms, and Patterns
Chromosomal Defects
Single Gene Disorders
Teratology
Genetic Counseling
Genetic Screening in Pregnancy
First Trimester Risk Assessment
Second Trimester Risk Assessment
Combined First and Second Trimester Risk Assessment
Prenatal Screening in Multiple Gestations
Third-Trimester Pregnancy Complications after Abnormal Serum Screening
Genetic Diagnosis in Pregnancy
Prenatal Testing for Congenital Malformations
References
3 Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Aneuploidy in the First and Second Trimesters
Structural Abnormalities
First Trimester Markers of Aneuploidy
The Second Trimester Genetic Sonogram
Second Trimester Sonographic Markers for Other Aneuploidies
Conclusions
References
4 Ultrasound of the Early First Trimester
Normal Transvaginal Sonographic Findings in the Early First Trimester
Confirmation or Exclusion of Intrauterine Pregnancy When No Yolk Sac or Embryo Is Seen
Assignment of Gestational Age by Early First Trimester Ultrasound
Diagnosis of Failed Intrauterine Pregnancy (Miscarriage)
Risk Factors for Impending Pregnancy Failure When Embryonic Heartbeat Is Seen
Assessment of Pregnancy Number
References
5 Evaluation of Fetal Anatomy in the First Trimester
Fetal Development in the First Trimester
Normal Ultrasound Findings in the First Trimester
Abnormal Ultrasound Findings in the First Trimester
Limitations of First Trimester Fetal Anatomic Survey
Detection Rates
Cost Effectiveness
Safety
Conclusions
References
6 Fetal Biometry and Growth
Assignment of Gestational Age
First Trimester Dating
Second and Third Trimester Dating
Fetal Weight Estimation and Weight Percentiles
Abnormal Fetal Growth
Fetal Anomalies Associated with Abnormal Biometry
Conclusion
References
7 Ultrasound Evaluation in Multiple Gestations
Embryology of Twins
Pregnancy Dating
Chorionicity
Nuchal Translucency
Anatomic Survey
Placental Evaluation
Cervical Length
Fetal Growth Studies
Serial Surveillance
Conclusion
References
8 Ultrasound Evaluation of Normal Fetal Anatomy
Superficial Anatomy of the Fetus
Musculoskeletal System
Cardiovascular System
Gastrointestinal System
Respiratory System
Genitourinary System
Central Nervous System
References
9 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Central Nervous System
Embryology
Intracranial Cysts and Tumors
Conclusions
References
10 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Face and Neck
Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Fetal Face
Craniofacial Anomalies
Craniosynostosis
Anomalies of the Neck
Conclusions
References
11 Fetal Musculoskeletal System
Development of the Fetal Skeleton
Skeletal Dysplasias
Osteochondrodysplasias
Split Hand and Foot Deformities
Ectrodactyly Ectodermal Dysplasia–Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome
Clubhand Deformities
Clubfoot
Acknowledgments
References
12 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Thorax
Embryology
Key Features for Assessment
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Bronchogenic Cyst
Bronchial Atresia
Congenital Lobar Emphysema
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome
Congenital Hydrothorax
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
References
13 Sonographic Evaluation of the Fetal Heart
Fetal Cardiovascular Physiology
Ultrasound Equipment
First and Early Second Trimester Fetal Cardiac Evaluation
Second Trimester Fetal Cardiac Evaluation
3D and 4D Fetal Cardiac Evaluation
Fetal Cardiovascular Disease
Acknowledgments
References
14 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Wall
Embryology
Esophagus and Stomach
Small Intestine
Rectum
Liver, Spleen, and Gallbladder
Ascites
Cysts
Ventral Wall Defects
Acknowledgments
References
15 Fetal Genitourinary Tract
Embryology
Normal Fetal Urinary Tract
Obstructive Urinary Tract Abnormalities
Nonobstructive Fetal Urinary Tract Anomalies
Dysplastic Kidneys
Miscellaneous Cystic Renal Disorders (Table 15-8)
Unclassified Renal Cystic Diseases
Renal Tumors
Nonobstructive Fetal Bladder Abnormalities
Bilateral Single Ectopic Ureters
Fetal Adrenal Glands
Fetal Genital Anomalies
Fetal Ovarian Cysts
Hydrocolpos/Hydrometrocolpos
References
16 Ultrasound Features of Fetal Syndromes
Maternal Infections
Teratogens
Central Nervous System
Cranium/Face
Musculoskeletal System
Thorax
Heart
Gastrointestinal System/Abdominal Wall
Genitourinary Tract
Abnormal Fetal Movement
Fetal Overgrowth
Fetal Growth Restriction
Microdeletion Syndromes
Metabolic Syndromes
Other Malformations
References
17 Evaluation of Hydrops Fetalis
Background and Definition
Incidence
Immune Hydrops
Nonimmune Hydrops
Maternal Risks From Hydrops
Conclusion
References
18 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Gravid Cervix
Ultrasound Examination Techniques
Limitations and Pitfalls
Clinical Applications
Dynamic Changes (Spontaneous or after Transfundal Pressure)
Normal versus Abnormal Cervical Length
Best Gestational Age and Frequency of Examinations
Populations
Three-Dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasound Examination of the Cervix
What Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Associate a Short Cervical Length with Preterm Birth?
Clinical Use of Cervical Length for Prevention of Preterm Birth
Conclusions
References
19 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Placenta, Membranes, and Umbilical Cord
Placental Development
Abnormalities of Placental Shape and Thickness
Abnormalities of Placental Location
Placental Cord Insertion Abnormalities
Morbidly Adherent Placenta—Placenta Accreta
Vascular Abnormalities of the Placenta
Chorioangioma
Placental Membrane Abnormalities
Umbilical Cord
Summary
References
20 Amniotic Fluid Volume in Fetal Health and Disease
Amniotic Fluid Physiology and Dynamics
Determination of Amniotic Fluid Volume
Potential Difficulties in Amniotic Fluid Volume Estimation Using Ultrasound
Normal Amniotic Fluid Volume in Singleton Pregnancies
Amniotic Fluid Volume and Pregnancy Outcomes
Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume in the High-Risk Patient
Conclusions
References
21 Antepartum Fetal Surveillance and the Role of Ultrasound
Assessment of Fetal Movement
Nonstress Test
Contraction Stress Test
Biophysical Profile
Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry
Conclusions
References
22 Role of Doppler Sonography in Obstetrics
Physical Principles
Fetal Arterial Doppler
Fetal Venous Doppler
Fetal Cardiac Doppler
Fetal Doppler and Fetal Growth Restriction
References
23 Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Obstetrics
Safety
Technique
Maternal Imaging
Fetal Imaging
Conclusions
References
24 Role of Sonography in Fetal Procedures
Open Maternal-Fetal Surgery
Minimally Invasive Maternal-Fetal Surgery
Ex Utero Intrapartum Therapy
Conditions Amenable to Fetal Therapy
Summary
References
25 Obstetric Ultrasound Imaging and the Obese Patient
References
Section II Gynecology
26 Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis and Transvaginal Sonography
Indications and Contraindications
Protocols
Patient and Probe Preparation
Imaging Technique
Pelvic Anatomy
Vascular Anatomy
The Uterus
The Ovaries
The Fallopian Tube
The Urinary Bladder, Distal Ureters, and Urethra
The Rectosigmoid Colon
Conclusions
References
27 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Evolution of Endometrial Assessment
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Endometrial Pathology
Summary
References
28 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Uterus
Imaging
Congenital Malformations
Benign Uterine Conditions
Malignant Conditions
Iatrogenic Processes
Cervical Cysts and Polyps
Conclusions
References
29 Evaluation of Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Patient
Adnexal Causes of Pelvic Pain
Uterine Causes of Pelvic Pain
Vascular Causes of Pelvic Pain
Nongynecologic Causes of Pelvic Pain
Conclusions
References
30 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Ovaries
Normal and Inconsequential Findings
Ovarian Cysts with Typical Benign Features
Ovarian Cysts with Typical Malignant Features
Ovarian Cysts with Indeterminate Features
Solid Ovarian Masses
Pitfalls in Evaluating the Ovary
Ovarian Masses in Pregnancy
Syndromes and Diseases Associated with Ovarian Neoplasms
Summary
References
31 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fallopian Tube
Embryology and Normal Anatomy
Sonographic Signs of Abnormal Fallopian Tubes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Uncommon Tube Infections
Hematosalpinx
Tube Torsion
Malignancy
Evaluation of Tube Patency
Summary
References
32 Sonographic Imaging in Infertility and Assisted Reproduction
Initial Evaluation
Baseline Evaluation
Treatment Monitoring
Complications of Assisted Reproduction
Conclusion
References
33 Ectopic Pregnancy
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Tests
Sonographic Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancies in Unusual Locations
Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy
Posthysterectomy Ectopic Pregnancy
Heterotopic Pregnancies
Management and Treatment Options
Conclusion
References
34 Gynecologic Sonography in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient
Technique
Normal Anatomy
Normal Gonadal and Reproductive Tract Development
Structural Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract
Ambiguous Genitalia
Prepubertal Bleeding
Primary Amenorrhea
Pelvic Pain
Gynecologic Pelvic Masses
Conclusion
References
35 Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urogynecology
Pelvic Floor Anatomy and Function
Risk Factors and Indications for Dynamic Pelvic Imaging
Ultrasound Imaging
Dynamic Pelvic Floor Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Summary and Future Direction
References
36 Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Gynecologic Disorders
Imaging Techniques
Anatomy and Physiology
Congenital Anomalies
Leiomyomas
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
Cervical Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Adnexal Masses
Conclusion
References
37 Role of Sonography in Gynecologic Interventions
Endometrial Ablation
Uterine Artery EMbolization
Repair of Congenital Anomalies of the Uterus
Guidance for Endometrial Interventions (Cervical Stenosis, Asherman Syndrome)
Confirmation of Correct Essure Microinsert Placement for Tubal Sterilization
Malpositioned Intrauterine Device
Pelvic Biopsies and Drainages
Conclusions
References
Section III Technical Considerations and Aberrations
38 Artifacts, Pitfalls, and Normal Variants
References
Technical Considerations
Pelvis, Gravid and Nongravid Uterus
The First Trimester
The Fetal Head and Neck
The Fetal Thorax
The Fetal Abdomen
Amniotic Fluid and Membranes
The Fetal Skeleton
Multiple Gestations
Appendix A Measurements Frequently Used to Estimate Gestational Age and Fetal Biometry
Appendix B Measurements Used in Assessing Fetal Weight, Growth, and Body Proportions
Appendix C Measurements for Amniotic Fluid Assessment
Appendix D Fetal Doppler Assessment (Noncardiac)
Appendix E Doppler of the Middle Cerebral Artery to Assess Fetal Anemia
Appendix F Fetal Cardiac Measurements and Doppler Assessment
Appendix G Sonographic Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities
Appendix H Medications and Reported Associated Malformations
Appendix I Estimated Radiation Exposure to the Fetus During Radiographic Examinations
Appendix J Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis: Representative Protocols*
Index
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