The Causes of War and the Spread of Peace 1st edition by Azar Gat – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0192514237, 9780192514233
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 0192514237
ISBN 13: 9780192514233
Author: Azar Gat
Azar Gat sets out to resolve one of the age-old questions of human existence: why people fight and can they stop. Spanning warfare from prehistory to the 21st century, the book shows that, neither an irresistible drive nor a cultural invention, deadly violence and warfare have figured prominently in our behavioural toolkit since the dawn of our species. People have always alternated between cooperation, peaceful competition, and violence to attain evolution-shaped human desires. A marked shift in the balance between these options has occurred since the onset of the industrial age. Rather than modern war becoming more costly (it hasn’t), it is peace that has become more rewarding. Scrutinizing existing theories concerning the decline of war – such as the ‘democratic peace’ and ‘capitalist peace’ – Gat shows that they in fact partake of a broader Modernization Peace that has been growing since 1815. By now, war has disappeared within the world’s most developed areas. Finally, Gat explains why the Modernization Peace has been disrupted in the past, as during the two World Wars, and how challenges to it may still arise. They include claimants to alternative modernity – such as China and Russia – anti-modernists, and failed modernizers that may spawn terrorism, potentially unconventional. While the world has become more peaceful than ever before, there is still much to worry about in terms of security and no place for complacency.
The Causes of War and the Spread of Peace 1st Table of contents:
Past Imperfect: Prehistory and History
1. When Did It All Begin?
Classical Rousseauism and Extended Rousseauism_ Their Rise and Fall
Quasi-Rousseauism_ Claims and Concepts
Back to Australia: The Evidence for Aboriginal Inter-Group Fighting
War and Peace: Biologically Embedded, Alternative, and Complementary Behavioural Strategies
2. Why People Fought in the Evolutionary State of Nature
Subsistence Resources
Reproduction
Dominance: Rank, Honour, Status, Prestige
Revenge: Retaliation to Eliminate and Deter
Power and the Security Dilemma
World-View and the Supernatural
Pugnacity: Playfulness, Sadism, Ecstasy
Fighting in and for a Group
The Causes of Fighting in the Evolutionary State of Nature
3. The Clash of the State-Leviathans
Violence and War under the Leviathan
Cui bono?—Who Gains? The Material Element
Sex and Harems
Gardens of Pleasure and Cherubs with a Flaming Sword at their Gates
The Quest for Power and Glory
Kinship, Culture, Ideas, Ideals
War: A Serious Matter for Serious Ends or a Senseless Affair?
Flaws and Misconceptions in Disciplinary Grand Theories
4. Anthropology: Why People Fought (if They Did)
Anthropology’s Reaction against Cultural and Biological Evolution
Cultural Evolution vs Biological Evolution?
Cultural Materialism and the Causes of War
Evolution as Life’s Immanent Regulating Principle
5. The Causes of War (or Their Absence) In International Relations Theory
Realism_ Power, Human Motives, and the Causes of War
The Waltzian perpetuum mobile: Where do the Causes of War Come From?
The Neoclassical Critique and Misstep
Evolution-Shaped Human Motives, and a 3D, Truly Systemic Explanation for War
A Static or Evolving Reality: Enter Historical Transformation (3D+Time)
The Modernization Peace
6. Has War been Declining—and Why?
The Puzzle
Are Nukes the Answer? The Long Peace—Not One but Three
Has War Become Too Lethal and Destructive?
Did We Simply Learn to Kick a Senseless Habit?
The Scope and Limits of the Democratic Peace Theory
A Liberal or Capitalist, rather than Democratic, Peace?
The Modernization Peace
Industrialization or Economic Development: Escape from Malthus
The Effects of Commercialism
Affluence and Comfort
Urbanism and Urbanity
Liberal Democracy
Sexual Liberalization—Make Love, not War
Aging Demographics
Female Attitudes and Electorates
Conclusion: The Modernization Peace—Kant’s Tripod for Peace Must Stand on Something
7. Challenges to the Modernization Peace: Past and Future
Why the Great Wars of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries?
Is Alternative Modernity Viable? The Past
Is Alternative Modernity Viable? The Future
The Global Balance of Power
Who Fights?
Elements of the Modernization Peace: Trends, Counter-Trends, and Potential Trajectories
Anti-Modernity, Failed Modernity, and Unconventional Terror
Conclusion
Conclusion: The Logic of War and Peace
Notes
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