Comprehensive Pharmacy Review for NAPLEX 8th Edition by Leon Shargel, Alan Mutnick, Paul Souney, Larry Swanson ISBN 9781469853390 1469853396

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ISBN 10: 1469853396

ISBN 13: 9781469853390

Author: Leon Shargel, Alan H. Mutnick, Paul F. Souney, Larry N. Swanson

In this completely updated 8th edition, Comprehensive Pharmacy Review for NAPLEX provides a complete knowledge base necessary for pharmacy students, instructors, foreign graduates, and professionals to excel in their practices—and be fully equipped to tackle the NAPLEX competency test. Updated to conform with USP 797 regulations, the text provides expanded coverage of ever-developing areas of practice, including pain management, hepatic disorders, migraines, women’s health, prescription dermatologic agents, geriatrics, and pediatrics. More than 60 print and online chapters—spanning chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, pharmacy practice, and drug therapy—are presented in outline form for easy use and offer helpful practice questions to aid your study. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review provides guidelines and tips for taking the NAPLEX, along with the NAPLEX blueprint. Furthermore, it lists the actual competency statements that the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) uses in evaluation.

 

Comprehensive Pharmacy Review for NAPLEX 8th EditionTable of contents:

1: Pharmaceutical Calculations

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION

II. SYSTEMS OF MEASURE

III. REDUCING AND ENLARGING FORMULAS

IV. CALCULATING DOSES

V. PERCENTAGE, RATIO STRENGTH, AND OTHER CONCENTRATION EXPRESSIONS

VI. DILUTION AND CONCENTRATION

VII. ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

2: Pharmaceutical Principles and Drug Dosage Forms

I. INTRODUCTION

II. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

III. STATES OF MATTER

IV. PHYSICOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR

V. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND DRUG STABILITY

VI. DRUG DOSAGE FORMS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

3: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DRUG TRANSPORT AND ABSORPTION

III. BIOPHARMACEUTIC PRINCIPLES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

4: Extemporaneous Prescription Compounding

I. INTRODUCTION

II. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPOUNDING

III. COMPOUNDING OF SOLUTIONS

IV. COMPOUNDING OF SUSPENSIONS

V. EMULSIONS

VI. POWDERED DOSAGE FORMS

VII. CAPSULES

VIII. MOLDED TABLETS (TABLET TRITURATES)

IX. OINTMENTS, CREAMS, PASTES, AND GELS

X. SUPPOSITORIES

XI. STERILE PREPARATIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

5: Basic Pharmacokinetics

I. PHARMACOKINETICS

II. CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS

III. TOXICOKINETICS

IV. POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

6: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence

I. DEFINITIONS

II. DRUG PRODUCT PERFORMANCE

III. BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE

IV. RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE BIOAVAILABILITY

V. BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES FOR SOLID ORAL DRUG PRODUCTS

VI. BIOEQUIVALENCE ISSUES

VII. DRUG PRODUCTION SELECTION

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

7: Biotechnology Drug Products

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BASIC TERMINOLOGY

III. PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES

IV. IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig) AND mAbs

V. CYTOKINE IMMUNOMODULATORS

VI. PLASMA PROTEINS, COAGULATION, FIBRINOLYSIS

VII. MISCELLANEOUS OTHER PROTEIN DRUGS

VIII. MACROMOLECULAR NUCLEIC ACID DRUGS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

8: Drug Metabolism, Prodrugs, and Pharmacogenetics

I. INTRODUCTION TO DRUG METABOLISM

II. CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG METABOLISM

III. METABOLIC PATHWAYS

IV. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DRUG METABOLISM

V. PRODRUGS

VI. STRATEGIES TO MANAGE DRUG METABOLISM

VII. PHARMACOGENETICS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

9: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting the Nervous System

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DRUGS AFFECTING THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

III. DRUGS AFFECTING THE SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

IV. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

10: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Cardiovascular and Diuretic Drugs

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS

III. AGENTS USED TO MANAGE ANGINA

IV. AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

V. ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS

VI. ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS

VII. ANTICOAGULANT, ANTIPLATELET, AND THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

11: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Autacoids, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and Ant

I. AUTACOIDS

II. PROSTAGLANDINS (PGs)

III. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, OR NSAIDs,

IV. NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS

V. GOUT

VI. LEUKOTRIENES (LTs)

VII. SEROTONIN

VIII. ANTIHISTAMINES

IX. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPIs)

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

12: Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry of Endocrine and Related Drugs

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PITUITARY HORMONES

III. GONADAL HORMONES

IV. ADRENOCORTICOSTEROIDS

V. THYROID HORMONES

VI. BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS

VII. ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

13: Drug–Drug and Drug–Nutrient Interactions

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS

III. PHARMACODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS

IV. HERBAL–DRUG INTERACTIONS

V. FOOD–DRUG INTERACTIONS

VI. CHEMICAL–DRUG INTERACTIONS

VII. PHARMACOGENETICS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS

VIII. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF DRUG INTERACTIONS

IX. REFERENCES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

14: Drug Information Resources

I. DEFINITION

II. DRUG INFORMATION RESOURCES

III. INTERNET

IV. STRATEGIES FOR EVALUATING INFORMATION REQUESTS

V. SEARCH STRATEGIES

VI. EVALUATING A CLINICAL STUDY

VII. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSES TO DRUG INFORMATION REQUESTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

15: Biostatistics

I. TYPES OF DATA

II. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

III. MEASURES OF VARIABILITY: DESCRIBE DATA SPREAD AND CAN HELP INFER STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

IV. HYPOTHESIS TESTING

V. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR PARAMETRIC DATA

VI. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR NONPARAMETRIC DATA

VII. STATISTICAL INFERENCE TECHNIQUES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR ORDINAL DATA

VIII. CORRELATION11 SIMPLY EXPLAINS THE STRENGTH OF ARELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES

IX. REGRESSION TAKES CORRELATION ONE STEP FURTHER

X. ERROR VERSUS BIAS

XI. CONFOUNDING

XII. CONTROLLED VERSUS NONCONTROLLED TRIALS

XIII. BLINDING DOES SEVERAL THINGS

XIV. VALIDITY

XV. ASSESSING RISK

XVI. TRIAL DESIGN

XVII. REFERENCES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

16: Clinical Toxicology

I. OVERVIEW

II. GENERAL MANAGEMENT

III. MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC INGESTIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

17: Sterile Products

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DEFINITIONS

III. DESIGN AND FUNCTION OF STERILE COMPOUNDING AREAS

IV. ASEPTIC MANIPULATIONS

V. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

VI. STERILIZATION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

VII. PACKAGING OF PARENTERAL PRODUCTS

VIII. PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION ROUTES

IX. PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS

X. IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS

XI. NEEDLES AND SYRINGES

XII. INTRAVENOUS DRUG DELIVERY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

18: Parapharmaceuticals, Diagnostic Aids, and Medical Devices

I. AMBULATORY AIDS

II. BATHROOM EQUIPMENT

III. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORS

IV. HEAT AND COLD THERAPY

V. DIAGNOSTIC AIDS

VI. HOSPITAL BEDS AND ACCESSORIES

VII. INCONTINENCE AND INCONTINENCE PRODUCTS

VIII. ORTHOPEDIC BRACES AND SURGICAL FITTINGS

IX. OSTOMY APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES

X. RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT

XI. THERMOMETERS

XII. URINARY CATHETERS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

19: Over-the-Counter Otic, Dental, and Ophthalmic Agents

I. OTIC OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) PRODUCTS

II. DENTAL OVER-THE-COUNTER PRODUCTS

III. OPHTHALMIC OTC PRODUCTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

20: Over-the-Counter Dermatological Agents

I. CONTACT DERMATITIS

II. SCALY DERMATOSES

III. FUNGAL INFECTIONS

IV. ACNE

V. DRY SKIN

VI. SUNLIGHT, SUNSCREENS, AND SUNTAN PRODUCTS

VII. WARTS

VIII. CORNS AND CALLUSES

IX. PEDICULOSIS AND PEDICULICIDES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

21: Over-the-Counter Weight Control, Sleep, and Smoking-Cessation Aids

I. WEIGHT CONTROL

II. SLEEP AIDS

III. SMOKING CESSATION

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

22: Over-the-Counter Agents for Fever, Pain, Cough, Cold, and Allergic Rhinitis

I. ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANTIPYRETIC AGENTS

II. THE COMMON COLD

III. ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

23: Over-the-Counter Agents for Constipation, Diarrhea, Hemorrhoids, and Heartburn

I. CONSTIPATION

II. DIARRHEA

III. HEMORRHOIDS

IV. HEARTBURN AND DYSPEPSIA

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

24: Over-the-Counter Menstrual, Vaginal, and Contraceptive Agents

I. MENSTRUATION AND MENSTRUAL PRODUCTS

II. VAGINAL PRODUCTS

III. OTC CONTRACEPTIVES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

25: Herbal Medicines and Nutritional Supplements

I. INTRODUCTION

II. COMMONLY USED HERBS

III. OTHER DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS THAT ARE POTENTIALLY SAFE

IV. R EFERENCES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

26: Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

I. INTRODUCTION

II. APPLYING CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS IN TDM

III. TDM DRUGS AND COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

IV. EQUATIONS FREQUENTLY USED IN TDM

V. EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS ON PHARMACOKINETIC VARIABLES

VI. USING TEST PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS IN TDM

VII. SUMMARY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

27: Pediatrics

I. PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

28: Geriatrics

I. DRUG USE IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

29: Women’s Health

I. PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME/PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER

II. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

III. DRUG USE IN PREGNANT PATIENTS

IV. DRUG EXCRETION IN BREAST MILK

V. INCONTINENCE

VI. MENOPAUSE

VII. OSTEOPOROSIS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

30: Clinical Laboratory Tests

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

II. HEMATOLOGICAL TESTS

III. COMMON SERUM ENZYME TESTS

IV. LIVER FUNCTION TESTS

V. URINALYSIS

VI. COMMON RENAL FUNCTION TESTS

VII. ELECTROLYTES

VIII. MINERALS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

31: Coronary Artery Disease

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ANGINA PECTORIS

III. ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS)

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

32: Cardiac Arrhythmias

I. INTRODUCTION

II. THERAPY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

33: Hypertension

I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

II. SECONDARY HYPERTENSION

III. ESSENTIAL (PRIMARY) HYPERTENSION

IV. HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES

V. PRINCIPLES OF HYPERTENSION TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

34: Heart Failure

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

III. CLINICAL EVALUATION

IV. THERAPY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

35: Thromboembolic Diseases

I. DEFINITION

II. INCIDENCE

III. RISK FACTORS FOR VTE

IV. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

V. PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

36: Infectious Diseases

I. PRINCIPLES OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY

II. ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS

III. SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

IV. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

V. ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

VI. ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS

VII. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

VIII. ANTHELMINTICS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

37: Seizure Disorders

I. INTRODUCTION

II. THERAPY

III. COMPLICATIONS

IV. SEIZURE DISORDER AND PREGNANCY

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

38: Parkinson Disease

I. DISEASE STATE AND PATHOLOGY

II. INDIVIDUAL DRUGS

III. SURGICAL TREATMENT

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

39: Schizophrenia

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES

III. TREATMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

IV. PHARMACOTHERAPY: ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

40: Mood Disorders, Anxiety Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and

I. TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

II. TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER

III. TREATMENT OF ANXIETY SPECTRUM DISORDERS

IV. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

V. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

VI. TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

VII. TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

41: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

I. ASTHMA

II. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

42: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

I. DEFINITION AND CAUSE

II. NORMAL JOINT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

III. OSTEOARTHRITIS

IV. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

43: Hyperuricemia and Gout

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA

III. ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS

IV. INTERCRITICAL GOUT

V. CHRONIC TOPHACEOUS GOUT

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

44: Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Acid-Associated Disorders

I. INTRODUCTION

II. THERAPY

III. COMPLICATIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

45: Diseases of the Bowel: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

I. INTRODUCTION

II. THERAPY

III. COMPLICATIONS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

46: Diabetes Mellitus

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIABETIC STATE

III. CLINICAL EVALUATION

IV. GLYCEMIC TREATMENT GOALS

V. PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

VI. GLYCEMIC MANAGEMENT OF T2DM

VII. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY OF PREDIABETES

VIII. HYPERGLYCEMIC EMERGENCIES

IX. HYPOGLYCEMIA

X. CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS

XI. PATIENT EDUCATION AND SELF-CARE

XII. DEVICES FOR DIABETES

XIII. SIGNIFICANT DRUG INTERACTIONS AFFECTING GLYCEMIC CONTROL

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

47: Thyroid Disease

I. DEFINITION

II. PHYSIOLOGY

III. HYPOTHYROIDISM

IV. HYPERTHYROIDISM

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

48: Renal Disorders

I. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

II. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

49: Hepatic Disorders

I. ACUTE LIVER FAILURE (ALF)

II. ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY

III. HEPATITIS: INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER

IV. ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE

V. CIRRHOSIS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

50: Cancer Chemotherapy

I. PRINCIPLES OF ONCOLOGY

II. CELL LIFE CYCLE

III. CHEMOTHERAPY

IV. CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

V. TOXICITIES OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS

VI. OTHER THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

51: Pain Management

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ANALGESICS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

52: Nutrition and the Hospitalized Patient

I. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

II. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS

III. METHODS OF SUPPORT

IV. MONITORING SUPPORT

V. SUPPORT OF SPECIFIC STATES

VI. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PN PREPARATIONS

VII. HOME PARENTERAL NUTRITION (HPN)

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

53: Immunosuppressive Agents in Organ Transplantation

I. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

II. GRAFT REJECTION

III. PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF GRAFT REJECTION

IV. COMPLICATIONS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

54: Outcomes Research and Pharmacoeconomics

I. GENERAL CONCEPTS

II. COST

III. ELEMENTS OF A GOOD STUDY

IV. PHARMACOECONOMIC METHODOLOGIES

V. DECISION ANALYSIS

VI. PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES (PRO)

VII. MODELING STUDIES

VIII. 1997 FDA MODERNIZATION ACT, SECTION 114, HEALTH CARE ECONOMIC INFORMATION

IX. PRACTICAL ISSUES IN INTERPRETING OUTCOMES RESEARCH AND PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

55: Drug Product Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

III. PREAPPROVAL INSPECTIONS (PAIs)

IV. SCALE-UP AND POSTAPPROVAL CHANGES (SUPACs)

V. GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMPs)

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

56: Microbiology

I. SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY

II. DOMAIN EUKARYA

III. DOMAIN BACTERIA

IV. VIRUSES

V. TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS

VI. DISEASES CAUSED BY INFECTIOUS AGENTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

57: Immunology

I. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

II. INNATE IMMUNITY

III. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE: T-CELL–MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES (CELL-M

IV. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE: HUMORAL IMMUNITY

V. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

VI. HYPERSENSITIVITIES

VII. AUTOIMMUNITY

VIII. TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

IX. TRANSPLANTATION

X. VACCINATION

XI. IMMUNIZATION PRACTICE FOR THE PHARMACIST

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

58: Principles of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry

I. INTRODUCTION

II. RECEPTORS

III. DRUG–RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS

IV. PHARMACODYNAMICS IN THE CLINICAL POPULATION

V. STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF DRUG ACTION

VI. PHYSIOCHEMICAL DETERMINANTS OF DRUG ACTION

VII. NONCLASSICAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS

VIII. MAJOR SOURCES OF COMMERCIALLY VIABLE DRUGS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

59: Nuclear Pharmacy

I. INTRODUCTION

II. SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TECHNETIUM-99m (99mTc) GENERATOR

III. RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING

IV. SKELETAL IMAGING

V. LUNG IMAGING

VI. HEPATIC IMAGING

VII. RENAL IMAGING

VIII. THYROID IMAGING

IX. BRAIN IMAGING

X. INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION

XI. BREAST IMAGING

XII. TUMORS

XIII. THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

XV. REFERENCES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

60: Medication Therapy Management

I. INTRODUCTION

II. SCOPE OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT SERVICES

III. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT

IV. REFERENCES

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

61: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DEFINITIONS

III. TYPES OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

IV. RECOGNITION

V. SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS

VI. REPORTING TO THE FDA

VII. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH-SYSTEMS PHARMACISTS (ASHP) GUIDELINES

VIII. THE JOINT COMMISSION

IX. UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA (USP)

X. FURTHER INFORMATION

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

62: Medication Errors

I. MEDICATION ERROR PROBLEM

II. ERROR DEFINITION

III. TYPES OF ERRORS

IV. COMMON ERROR HAZARDS

V. SEVERAL SAFETY TECHNIQUES OBSERVED IN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES

VI. ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA)

VII. NATIONAL SAFETY EFFORTS

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

63: Federal Pharmacy Law

I. FEDERAL CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT

II. FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT (FDCA)

III. POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT (PPPA)

IV. ANTI-TAMPERING ACT

V. MAILING PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION

VI. OMNIBUS BUDGET RECONCILIATION ACT OF 1990 (OBRA ’90)

VII. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA) OF 1996

VIII. OPIOID (NARCOTIC) ADDICTION TREATMENT PROGRAMS

IX. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS ACT (FDAAA) OF 2007

X. RYAN HAIGHT ONLINE PHARMACY CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT OF 2008

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

64: Reviewing and Dispensing Prescription and Medication Orders

I. DEFINITIONS

II. UNDERSTANDING THE PRESCRIPTION OR MEDICATION ORDER AND EVALUATING ITS APPROPRIATENESS

III. PROCESSING PRESCRIPTIONS AND MEDICATION ORDERS

IV. DISPENSING MEDICATION AND COUNSELING

V. PATIENT MONITORING

Study Questions

Answers and Explanations

Appendix A: Common Prescription Drugs and Over-the-Counter Products

Appendix B: Prescription Dispensing Information and Metrology

PARTS OF THE PRESCRIPTION

THE PRESCRIPTION LABEL

AUXILIARY LABELS

BEFORE DISPENSING THE PRESCRIPTION

COMMON ABBREVIATIONS

THE METRIC, APOTHECARY, AND AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEMS

CONVERSION

Appendix C: Reference Charts For Patient Counseling

DRUGS THAT SHOULD NOT BE CRUSHED

SUGAR-FREE PRODUCTS

ALCOHOL-FREE PRODUCTS

DRUGS THAT MAY CAUSE PHOTOSENSITIVITY

DRUG/ALCOHOL INTERACTIONS

DRUG/TOBACCO INTERACTIONS

USE-IN-PREGNANCY RATINGS

CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY

POSITIVE EVIDENCE OF RISK

RISK CANNOT BE RULED OUT

NO EVIDENCE OF RISK IN HUMANS

ACONTROLLED STUDIES SHOW NO RISK

DRUGS EXCRETED IN BREAST MILK

LOW POTASSIUM DIET

REFERENCES

Appendix D: National and State Boards of Pharmacy Contact Information

Appendix E: Budgeting for Drug Information Resources

Index

 

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