A Concise Introduction to Logic 12th Edition by Patrick Hurley 9781285196541 1285196546

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• ISBN 10: 1285196546

• ISBN 13: 9781285196541

• Author:Patrick Hurley

A Concise Introduction to Logic
Unsurpassed for its clarity and comprehensiveness, Hurley’s A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC is the #1 introductory logic book on the market. In this Twelfth Edition, Hurley continues to build upon the tradition of a lucid, focused, and accessible presentation of the basic subject matter of logic, both formal and informal. The edition’s new Previews connect a section’s content to real-life scenarios, using everyday examples to “translate” new notions and terms into concepts that readers unfamiliar with the subject matter can relate to. An extensive, carefully sequenced collection of exercises guides readers toward greater proficiency with the skills they are learning.

A Concise Introduction to Logic 12th Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Basic Concepts
1.1. Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions
Note on the History of Logic
1.2. Recognizing Arguments
Simple Noninferential Passages
Expository Passages
Illustrations
Explanations
Conditional Statements
Summary
1.3. Deduction and Induction
Deductive Argument Forms
Inductive Argument Forms
Further Considerations
Summary
1.4. Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency
Deductive Arguments
Inductive Arguments
Summary
1.5. Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity
Counterexample Method
1.6. Extended Arguments
Summary
Chapter 2. Language: Meaning and Definition
2.1. Varieties of Meaning
2.2. The Intension and Extension of Terms
2.3. Definitions and Their Purposes
Stipulative Definitions
Lexical Definitions
Precising Definitions
Theoretical Definitions
Persuasive Definitions
2.4. Definitional Techniques
Extensional (Denotative) Definitions
Intensional (Connotative) Definitions
2.5. Criteria for Lexical Definitions
Summary
Chapter 3. Informal Fallacies
3.1. Fallacies in General
3.2. Fallacies of Relevance
3.3. Fallacies of Weak Induction
3.4. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, and Illicit Transference
3.5. Fallacies in Ordinary Language
Detecting Fallacies
Avoiding Fallacies
Summary
Chapter 4. Categorical Propositions
4.1. The Components of Categorical Propositions
4.2. Quality, Quantity, and Distribution
4.3. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square of Opposition
Existential Import
Venn Diagrams
The Modern Square of Opposition
Testing Immediate Inferences
4.4. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition
Conversion
Obversion
Contraposition
4.5. The Traditional Square of Opposition
Testing Immediate Inferences
4.6. Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint
Proving the Traditional Square of Opposition
Testing Immediate Inferences
4.7. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form
1. Terms Without Nouns
2. Nonstandard Verbs
3. Singular Propositions
4. Adverbs and Pronouns
5. Unexpressed Quantifiers
6. Nonstandard Quantifiers
7. Conditional Statements
8. Exclusive Propositions
9. “The Only”
10. Exceptive Propositions
Summary
Chapter 5. Categorical Syllogisms
5.1. Standard Form, Mood, and Figure
5.2. Venn Diagrams
Boolean Standpoint
Aristotelian Standpoint
5.3. Rules and Fallacies
Boolean Standpoint
Aristotelian Standpoint
Proving the Rules
5.4. Reducing the Number of Terms
5.5. Ordinary Language Arguments
5.6. Enthymemes
5.7. Sorites
Summary
Chapter 6. Propositional Logic
6.1. Symbols and Translation
6.2. Truth Functions
Definitions of the Logical Operators
Computing the Truth Value of Longer Propositions
Further Comparison with Ordinary Language
6.3. Truth Tables for Propositions
Classifying Statements
Comparing Statements
6.4. Truth Tables for Arguments
6.5. Indirect Truth Tables
Preliminary Skills
Testing Arguments for Validity
Testing Statements for Consistency
6.6. Argument Forms and Fallacies
Common Argument Forms
Refuting Constructive and Destructive Dilemmas
Note on Invalid Forms
Summary and Application
Summary
Chapter 7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic
7.1. Rules of Implication I
7.2. Rules of Implication II
7.3. Rules of Replacement I
7.4. Rules of Replacement II
7.5. Conditional Proof
7.6. Indirect Proof
7.7. Proving Logical Truths
Summary
Chapter 8. Predicate Logic
8.1. Symbols and Translation
8.2. Using the Rules of Inference
8.3. Quantifier Negation Rule
8.4. Conditional and Indirect Proof
8.5. Proving Invalidity
Counterexample Method
Finite Universe Method
8.6. Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers
Translating Relational Statements
Using the Rules of Inference
8.7. Identity
Simple Identity Statements
“Only,” “The Only,” and “No . . . Except”
“All Except”
Superlatives
Numerical Statements
Definite Descriptions
Using the Rules of Inference
Summary
Chapter 9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning
9.1. Analogical Reasoning
9.2. Legal Reasoning
9.3. Moral Reasoning
Summary
Chapter 10. Causality and Mill’s Methods
10.1. “Cause” and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
10.2. Mill’s Five Methods
Method of Agreement
Method of Difference
Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
Method of Residues
Method of Concomitant Variation
10.3. Mill’s Methods and Science
Summary
Chapter 11. Probability
11.1. Theories of Probability
11.2. The Probability Calculus
Additional Applications
Summary
Chapter 12. Statistical Reasoning
12.1. Evaluating Statistics
12.2. Samples
12.3. The Meaning of “Average”
12.4. Dispersion
12.5. Graphs and Pictograms
12.6. Percentages
Summary
Chapter 13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning
13.1. The Hypothetical Method
13.2. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four Examples from Science
Radium
Neptune
Atmospheric Pressure
Spontaneous Generation
13.3. The Proof of Hypotheses
13.4. The Tentative Acceptance of Hypotheses
Summary
Chapter 14. Science and Superstition
14.1. Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition
14.2. Evidentiary Support
14.3. Objectivity
14.4. Integrity
14.5. Concluding Remarks
Summary
Selected Readings
Critical Thinking and Writing
Truth Trees
Appendix. Logic and Graduate-Level Admissions Tests
Existential Import: Historical Background

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