The Confucian Legalist State A New Theory of Chinese History 1st edition by Dingxin Zhao ISBN 0199351732 978-0199351732

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ISBN 10: 0199351732

ISBN 13: 978-0199351732

Author: Dingxin Zhao

In The Confucian-Legalist State, Dingxin Zhao offers a radically new analysis of Chinese imperial history from the eleventh century BCE to the fall of the Qing dynasty. This study first uncovers the factors that explain how, and why, China developed into a bureaucratic empire under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE. It then examines the political system that crystallized during the Western Han dynasty, a system that drew on China’s philosophical traditions of Confucianism and Legalism. Despite great changes in China’s demography, religion, technology, and socioeconomic structures, this Confucian-Legalist political system survived for over two millennia. Yet, it was precisely because of the system’s resilience that China, for better or worse, did not develop industrial capitalism as Western Europe did, notwithstanding China’s economic prosperity and technological sophistication beginning with the Northern Song dynasty.

In examining the nature of this political system, Zhao offers a new way of viewing Chinese history, one that emphasizes the importance of structural forces and social mechanisms in shaping historical dynamics. As a work of historical sociology, The Confucian-Legalist State aims to show how the patterns of Chinese history were not shaped by any single force, but instead by meaningful activities of social actors which were greatly constrained by, and at the same time reproduced and modified, the constellations of political, economic, military, and ideological forces. This book thus offers a startling new understanding of long-term patterns of Chinese history, one that should trigger debates for years to come among historians, political scientists, and sociologists.

The Confucian Legalist State A New Theory of Chinese History 1st Table of contents: 

1. Introduction

   • Overview of the Confucian Legalist Theory
   • The Relationship Between Confucianism and Legalism in Chinese History
   • A New Approach to Understanding Chinese History
   • The Historical Development of Confucian and Legalist Thought

2. The Confucian Tradition and Its Political Influence

   • Core Confucian Values and Beliefs
   • Confucianism and the Concept of the Ideal State
   • Confucianism in Governance: Morality, Rituals, and Social Order
   • Confucian Thought in the Imperial Period

3. Legalism and Its Role in Chinese Governance

   • The Origins and Key Concepts of Legalism
   • Legalism and the Strength of the State: Control and Order
   • Legalist Ideas on Law, Punishment, and Authority
   • Legalism and the Centralization of Power

4. The Fusion of Confucianism and Legalism in Early Imperial China

   • The Qin Dynasty: Legalist Policies in Practice
   • The Han Dynasty: Confucian Revival and Legalist Influences
   • The Integration of Confucian and Legalist Ideas in Imperial Governance
   • The Role of Legalism in the Establishment of Chinese Imperial Rule

5. Confucian Legalist Thought in the Tang and Song Dynasties

   • The Tang Dynasty: Consolidating Confucian Legalism
   • The Song Dynasty: Shifting Political and Legal Paradigms
   • The Role of Confucian Legalism in Bureaucratic Administration
   • The Evolution of Confucian Legalism in Imperial China

6. The Confucian Legalist State in Modern China

   • The Influence of Confucian Legalism in the Qing Dynasty
   • The Decline of the Imperial System and the Role of Legalism in Modern Chinese Politics
   • The Re-emergence of Confucian and Legalist Elements in Contemporary Chinese Governance
   • Political Philosophy in Modern China: Confucian Legalism Revisited

7. Key Theoretical Perspectives on the Confucian Legalist State

   • A New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Chinese History
   • The Role of Law and Morality in the Confucian Legalist State
   • Comparative Analysis: Confucian Legalism and Western Political Systems
   • The Impact of Confucian Legalism on Modern Governance

8. Confucian Legalism and Chinese Legal Theory

   • The Confucian Concept of Rulership and the Legalist Concept of Law
   • The Integration of Ethical and Legal Norms in the Chinese System
   • Confucian Legalist Principles in Chinese Legal Thought Today
   • The Challenges of Legalism in Contemporary Governance

9. The Legacy of the Confucian Legalist State

   • Reflections on the Impact of Confucian Legalism on Chinese Society
   • The Continued Influence of Confucian Legalist Ideals in China’s Political Culture
   • Evaluating the Strengths and Weaknesses of Confucian Legalism in Chinese History
   • The Future of Confucian Legalism in China and Beyond

10. Conclusion

    • Summary of Key Insights and Theoretical Contributions
    • Rethinking Chinese History and Political Philosophy
    • The Ongoing Relevance of Confucian Legalism in Modern Times

11. Appendices

    • A: Key Figures in Confucian and Legalist Thought
    • B: Timeline of Chinese Dynasties and Political Change
    • C: Further Reading and Resources
    • D: Index

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