Criminal Law in a Nutshell 5th edition by Arnold Loewy ISBN 0314194967 978-0314194961

PART I PUNISHMENT

CHAPTER I PUNISHMENT

§ 1.01 The Distinguishing Feature of the Criminal Law

§ 1.02 Purposes of Punishment

A. REFORMATION

B. RESTRAINT

C. RETRIBUTION

D. DETERRENCE

(1) Individual Deterrence

(2) General Deterrence

§ 1.03 Punishment in Practice (Some Hard Cases)

A. CONFLICTING PURPOSES

B. NO APPARENT PURPOSE

§ 1.04 Equality—An Unexpressed Theory of Punishment

§ 1.05 Compensation

§ 1.06 Judicial Discretion in Sentencing

§ 1.07 Disproportionality

§ 1.08 Capital Punishment

PART II SPECIFIC CRIMES HOMICIDE

Chapter II HOMICIDE

§ 2.01 Introduction

§ 2.02 Willful, Deliberate, and Premeditated

§ 2.03 Intent to Cause Serious Bodily Injury

§ 2.04 Provocation

§ 2.05 Assisted Suicide

§ 2.06 Involuntary Manslaughter

§ 2.07 Reckless Homicide (Negligent Homicide, Vehicular Homicide)

§ 2.08 Depraved Heart Murder

§ 2.09 Felony Murder

§ 2.10 Misdemeanor Manslaughter

CHAPTER III CAUSATION

§ 3.01 Introduction

§ 3.02 Intentional Killings

§ 3.03 Unintentional Killings

§ 3.04 Year and a Day Rule

CHAPTER IV RAPE

§ 4.01 The Traditional View

§ 4.02 Statutory Changes

§ 4.03 Rape by Fraud or Coercion

§ 4.04 Post-Penetration Withdrawal of Consent

§ 4.05 Statutory Rape

CHAPTER V OTHER CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON

§ 5.01 Battery

§ 5.02 Assault

§ 5.03 Aggravated Assault and Battery

§ 5.04 Mayhem

§ 5.05 Kidnapping and Related Offenses

CHAPTER VI SELF–DEFENSE AND RELATED DEFENSES

§ 6.01 Introduction

§ 6.02 In General

§ 6.03 Battered–Spouse Syndrome

§ 6.04 Retreat Rule

§ 6.05 Imperfect Self–Defense

§ 6.06 Defense of Others

§ 6.07 Resisting Unlawful Arrest

§ 6.08 Apprehension of Criminals

§ 6.09 Protection of Property and Crime Prevention

CHAPTER VII CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

§ 7.01 Introduction

§ 7.02 The Elements of Larceny

A. INTRODUCTION

B. TRESPASSORY TAKING

C. ASPORTATION (CARRYING AWAY)

D. VALUABLE PERSONAL PROPERTY

E. OF ANOTHER

F. INTENT TO PERMANENTLY DEPRIVE THE PERSON ENTITLED TO POSSESSION OF THAT POSSESSION

§ 7.03 Types of Larceny

A. LARCENY BY STEALTH

B. LARCENY BY AN EMPLOYEE (SERVANT)

C. LARCENY BY A FINDER

D. LARCENY BY A BAILEE

E. LARCENY BY TRICK

§ 7.04 Embezzlement

§ 7.05 False Pretenses

A. INTRODUCTION

B. OBTAINING TITLE TO PROPERTY

C. KNOWINGLY OR RECKLESSLY MAKING A FALSE REPRESENTATION

D. OF A PRESENTLY EXISTING FACT

E. OF PECUNIARY SIGNIFICANCE

F. WHICH IS INTENDED TO AND DOES DEFRAUD THE VICTIM

§ 7.06 Forgery and Related Offenses

§ 7.07 Receiving Stolen Goods

§ 7.08 Robbery

§ 7.09 Extortion (Blackmail)

§ 7.10 Consolidation of Theft Offenses

§ 7.11 Burglary

§ 7.12 Arson and Related Offenses

PART III INGREDIENTS OF A CRIME

CHAPTER VIII MENS REA (INTENT)

§ 8.01 In General

§ 8.02 Model Penal Code Terminology

§ 8.03 Transferred Intent

§ 8.04 Liability Without Fault

§ 8.05 Limitations on Liability Without Fault

A. CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS

B. NON–CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS

§ 8.06 Mistake of Fact

§ 8.07 Mistake of Law

CHAPTER IX ACTUS REUS

§ 9.01 Introduction

§ 9.02 Voluntariness

§ 9.03 Actus Reus as a Constitutional Minimum

§ 9.04 Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea

§ 9.05 Actus Reus and Strict Liability

§ 9.06 Omissions

PART IV SPECIAL DEFENSES

CHAPTER X INSANITY

§ 10.01 Introduction

§ 10.02 M’Naghten Right–Wrong Test

§ 10.03 Irresistible Impulse

§ 10.04 The Durham Test

§ 10.05 M.P.C. Test

§ 10.06 Abolition of the Insanity Defense

§ 10.07 Disposition of Insane Defendants

§ 10.08 Interrelationship Between Automatism and Insanity

§ 10.09 The Effect of Insanity on the Specific Elements of a Crime

§ 10.10 Insanity After the Crime

CHAPTER XI OTHER DEFENSES

§ 11.01 Infancy

§ 11.02 Intoxication

A. VOLUNTARY INTOXICATION

B. INVOLUNTARY INTOXICATION

§ 11.03 Duress (Coercion)

§ 11.04 Necessity

§ 11.05 Entrapment

§ 11.06 Excessive Government Involvement

PART V PROOF OF FACTS

CHAPTER XII BURDEN OF PROOF

§ 12.01 Relevance to Substantive Criminal Law

§ 12.02 The General Rule

§ 12.03 What Is a Reasonable Doubt

§ 12.04 Expansion of Winship (Mullaney v. Wilbur)

§ 12.05 Contraction of the Rule (Patterson v. New York)

§ 12.06 Burden of Proof and Sentencing

CHAPTER XIII PRESUMPTIONS AND INFERENCES

§ 13.01 Definitions

§ 13.02 Constitutionality

PART VI INCHOATE AND GROUP CRIMINALITY

CHAPTER XIV ATTEMPT

§ 14.01 General Scope and Purpose

§ 14.02 Mens Rea

§ 14.03 Proximity to Completion

§ 14.04 Abandonment

§ 14.05 Solicitation Vis–A–Vis Attempt

§ 14.06 Other Preparatory Offenses

A. BURGLARY

B. POSSESSION

C. VAGRANCY

§ 14.07 Attempt to Attempt

§ 14.08 Impossibility

CHAPTER XV ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE ACTS OF OTHERS

§ 15.01 Parties to Crime

§ 15.02 Actus Reus (How Far Must One Go)

§ 15.03 Mens Rea (Intentional Crimes)

§ 15.04 Scope of an Aider’s Liability

§ 15.05 Mens Rea (Unintentional Crimes)

§ 15.06 Relationship to Principal’s Liability

§ 15.07 Special Personal Defenses

§ 15.08 Abandonment

CHAPTER XVI CONSPIRACY

§ 16.01 Introduction

§ 16.02 Punishment

§ 16.03 Basis for Complicity

§ 16.04 The Object Which Renders a Conspiracy Criminal

§ 16.05 Agreement—The Actus Reus of Conspiracy

§ 16.06 Scope of the Agreement—One Conspiracy or Many

§ 16.07 Mens Rea

§ 16.08 Procedural Peculiarities

§ 16.09 Political Conspiracies and the First Amendment

§ 16.10 RICO

CHAPTER XVII CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY

§ 17.01 Theoretical Problems

§ 17.02 Punishment

§ 17.03 Whose Conduct Binds a Corporation

§ 17.04 Statutory Construction Problem

§ 17.05 The Corporation and Its Alter Egos

PART VII LIMITATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LAW

CHAPTER XVIII LIMITATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LAW

§ 18.01 Vagueness

§ 18.02 Ex Post Facto Laws

§ 18.03 Common Law Crimes

§ 18.04 Victimless Crimes

A. NON–CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS

B. CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS

PERSPECTIVE