Cross Cultural Psychology Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications 6th Edition by Eric B. Shiraev, David A. Levy – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1138668389 ,9781138668386
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ISBN 10: 1138668389
ISBN 13: 9781138668386
Author: Eric B. Shiraev, David A. Levy
Written in a conversational style that transforms complex ideas into accessible ones, this international best-seller provides an interdisciplinary review of the theories and research in cross‐cultural psychology. The book’s unique critical thinking framework, including Critical Thinking boxes, helps to develop analytical skills. Exercises interspersed throughout promote active learning and encourage class discussion. Case in Point sections review controversial issues and opinions about behavior in different cultural contexts. Cross‐Cultural Sensitivity boxes underscore the importance of empathy in communication. Numerous applications better prepare students for working in various multicultural contexts such as teaching, counseling, health care, and social work. The dynamic author team brings a diverse set of experiences in writing this book. Eric Shiraev was raised in the former Soviet Union and David Levy is from Southern California. Sensation, perception, consciousness, intelligence, human development, emotion, motivation, social perception, interaction, psychological disorders, and applied topics are explored from cross‐cultural perspectives.
New to the 6th Edition:
- Over 200 recent references, particularly on studies of non-western regions such as the Middle East, Africa, Asia, & Latin America as well as the US and Europe.
- New chapter on personality and the self with an emphasis on gender identity.
- New or revised chapter opening vignettes that draw upon current events.
- More examples related to the experiences of international students in the US and indigenous people.
- Many more figures and tables that appeal to visual learners.
- New research on gender, race, religious beliefs, parenting styles, sexual orientation, ethnic identity and stereotypes, conflict resolution, immigration, intelligence, physical abuse, states of consciousness, DSM-5, cultural customs, evolutionary psychology, treatment of psychological disorders, and acculturation.
- Revised methodology chapter with more attention to issues related specifically to cross-cultural research and more on qualitative and mixed methods.
- A companion website at www.routledge.com/9781138668386 where instructors will find a test bank containing multiple choice, true and false, short answer, and essay questions and answers for each chapter, and a complete set of tables and figures from the text; and students will find chapter outlines, flashcards of key terms, and links to further resources and the authors’ Facebook page.
Intended as a text for courses on cross-cultural psychology, multicultural psychology, cultural psychology, cultural diversity, and the psychology of ethnic groups and a resource for practitioners, researchers, and educators who work in multicultural environments
Cross Cultural Psychology Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications 6th Edition Table of contents:
1 Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology
What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology?
A Condensed History of the Field
Basic Definitions
Culture
Society, Race, Ethnicity, Nationality, and Religious Identity
Knowledge in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cultural Traditionalism vs. Nontraditionalism
Empirical Examination of Culture
Collectivism and Individualism: Further Research
The Natural Sciences Approach
The Social Sciences Approach
The Humanities Approach
The Ecocultural Approach
The Cultural Mixtures Approach
The Integrative Approach: A Summary
Other Key Concepts in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Multiculturalism
Ethnocentrism
Indigenous Psychology
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
2 Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology
The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe
Antidotes
Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Gray?
Antidotes
The Similarity–Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different
Antidotes
The Barnum Effect: “One-Size-Fits-All” Descriptions
Antidotes
The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World Through Schema-Colored Glasses
Antidotes
The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization
Antidotes
The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events
Antidotes
The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences
Antidotes
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality
Antidotes
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing “What” with “Why”
Antidotes
Bidirectional Causation and Multiple Causation: Causal Loops and Compound Pathways
Bidirectional Causation
Multiple Causation
Antidotes
The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between “Is” and “Should”
Antidotes
The Belief Perseverance Effect: “Don’t Confuse Me with the Facts!”
Antidotes
Conclusions: “To Metathink or Not to Metathink?”
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
3 Methodology of Cross-Cultural Research
Goals of Cross-Cultural Research
Quantitative Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Qualitative Approach in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Major Steps for Preparation of a Cross-Cultural Study
Sample Selection
Observation in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Survey Methods
Self-Reports
Experimental Studies
Content Analysis
Focus Group Methodology
Mixed and Holistic Methods
Meta-Analysis: Research of Research
A Hidden Obstacle of Cross-Cultural Studies: Test Translation
Comparing Two Phenomena: Some Important Principles
On Similarities and Differences: Some Critical Thinking Applications
Cultural Dichotomies
There Are Fewer Differences than One Might Think
There Are More Differences than One Might Expect
Avoiding Generalization Bias
Learn More about Cultures that You Examine
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
4 Cognition: Sensation, Perception, and States of Consciousness
Sensation and Perception: Basic Principles
How Culture Influences What We Perceive
How People Perceive Pictures
Perceptual Visual Illusions
Cultural Patterns in Drawings
Perception of Color
Other Senses
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Touch and Pain
Proprioceptive Senses
Perception of Time
Perception of the Beautiful
Perception of Music
Consciousness and Culture
Sleep and the Cultural Significance of Dreams
Beyond Altered States of Consciousness
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
5 Intelligence
Defining Intelligence
Ethnic Differences in IQ Scores
Gender Differences in IQ Scores
Explaining Group Differences in Test Scores: Intelligence and Intelligent Behavior
Do Biological Factors Contribute to Intelligence?
Incompatibility of Tests: Cultural Biases
A Word about “Cultural Literacy”
Environment and Intelligence
Socioeconomic Factors
The Family Factor
“Natural Selection” and IQ Scores
Cultural Values of Cognition
General Cognition: What Is “Underneath” Intelligence?
Classification
Sorting
Memory
Reasoning: Formal and Empirical
Creativity
Cognitive Skills, School Grades, and Educational Systems
Culture, Tests, and Motivation
IQ, Culture, and Social Justice
And in the End … Moral Values
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
6 Emotion
Similarities in Emotional Experience: When We Laugh, We Are Happy
Differences in Emotional Experience: You Cannot Explain Pain if You Have Never Been Hurt
Emotions: Different or Universal?
Physiological Arousal
The Meaning of Preceding Events
Evaluation of Emotions
We Are Expected to Feel in a Particular Way
How People Assess Emotional Experience
Expression of Emotion
Emotion and Inclination to Act
Emotion and Judgment
When Emotions Signal a Challenge: Cross-Cultural Research on Stress and Anxiety
When Emotion Hurts: Cross-Cultural Studies of Anger
Building Positive Emotions: Cross-Cultural Studies of Happiness
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
7 Motivation and Behavior
Impulse Gratification
A Glance into Evolution
Social Sciences Approaches
Two Universal Mechanisms of Motivation: Drive and Arousal Theory
The Power of the Unconscious: Psychodynamic Theory
Intrinsic Striving Toward Growth: Humanistic Theory
Shaping Motivation: Learning Theory
Maggot Cheese, Fish Semen, and Warthog Anus: Hunger and Cross-Cultural Food Preferences
When Hunger Causes Distress: Eating Disorders
Goals and Success: Achievement Motivation
Aggressive Motivation And Violence
Biological Mechanisms
Sex Differences
Frustration and Aggression
Self-Esteem
Vicarious Learning
Social Norms
Culture and Sexuality
The “Traditional vs. Nontraditional Culture” Dilemma
Anti-Female Violence
Sex Culture and Clothing
Sexual Orientation
Sex and Sexuality: Some Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
8 Human Development and Socialization
Development and Socialization
Quality of Life and the Child’s Development
Norms, Customs, and Child Care
Parental Values and Expectations
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Developmental Stages
Prenatal Period: Development before Birth
Infancy: First Steps
Temperament
Attachment
Motor Skills
Breastfeeding
Language
Childhood: Discovering the World
Eating
Social Identity
Play
Social Norms
Adolescence: Major Rehearsal
Rebelliousness and Socialization
Adulthood: A Period of Maturity
Late Adulthood: The Final Stretch
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
9 Psychological Disorders
American Background: DSM-5-TR
Two Views on Culture and Psychological Disorders: Universalist vs. Relativist
Central and Peripheral Symptoms: An Outcome of the Debate between Universalists and Relativists
Cultural Syndromes
Anxiety Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Depression through the Ages
Depression Today
Symptoms of Depression: Somatic vs. Psychological
Schizophrenia
Culture and Suicide
Personality Disorders
Is Substance Abuse Culture-Bound?
Psychodiagnostic Biases
Psychotherapy
Nontraditional Therapies
Culture: To Match or Not to Match?
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
10 Social Perception, Social Cognition, and Social Interaction
Attitudes and Values
Western and Non-Western Values
Striving for Consistency: Cognitive Balance Theory
Avoiding Inconsistency: Cognitive Dissonance
Psychological Dogmatism
Social Attribution
Attribution of Success and Failure
Duty and Fairness in Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Stereotypes and the Power of Generalizations
Universal Interaction
“Reading” Body Language and Verbal Cues
Conformity: “What Is the Group Doing?”
Is Conformity Universal across Cultures?
Obedience: “I Was Only Following Orders”
Social Influence
Group Dynamics: Interpersonal Pushes and Pulls
Is Social Loafing Universal?
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
11 Personality and the Self
What Is Personality?
Locus of Control
On “National Character”
The Self
The Self and Sex
Traditional Cultural Views of the Sexes
The Sexes and the Intersex
Evolving Views of the Sexes
Gender as a Social Construct
Gender Roles
Traditional Views of Gender
Evolving Views of Gender
Sexual Orientation: Evolving Perceptions
Religious Identity
Perceiving One’s Own Body
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
12 Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology: Important Highlights from Social Justice, Digital Culture, and Health Care
Modern Social Justice Movements
Social Justice and Race
Social Justice and Women’s Rights
Christine vs. Brett
Reproductive Rights and Abortion
Social Justice and LGBTQ+ Rights
Social Justice, Ageism, and Disability
Environmental Justice
Greenpeace
Digital Culture and Its Applications
Digital Footprints
Privacy
Trolling
Digital Companionship
Nationalism, War, and Peace
Fundamentalism
Peace Psychology
Health Care
Poverty, Culture, and Health
Spirituality, Science, and Health
Holistic Treatment
Conclusions
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
References
Index
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