Engineering Applications in Sustainable Design and Development 1st Edition by Bradley Striebig, Adebayo Ogundipe, Maria Papadakis ISBN 1133629776 9798214342559
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Engineering Applications in Sustainable Design and Development 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Sustainability, Engineering, and Design
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Human Development Index
1.3. Sustainable Development and Social Ethics
1.4. Sustainable International Development and the Essential Needs of the Poor
1.5. Engineering and Developing Communities
1.6. Definitions of Sustainability
1.7. Populations and Consumption
1.8. Technical Approaches to Quantifying Sustainability
1.8.1. The Impact of Population
1.8.2. The Ecological Footprint
1.8.3. People-Centered Design
1.8.4. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design Toolkit
1.9. The Difficulty of Environmental Valuation
1.10. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 2. Analyzing Sustainability Using Engineering Science
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Elemental Analysis
2.3. Solubility and Henry’s Law Constant
2.4. The Ideal Gas Law
2.5. Chemistry of Natural Systems
2.5.1. Law of Electroneutrality
2.5.2. Ionic Strength
2.5.3. Solids and Turbidity
2.5.4. Water Hardness
2.5.5. Chemical Reactivity, Activity, and the Activity Coefficient
2.6. Equilibrium Models for Estimating Environmental Impacts
2.6.1. Acid and Base Definitions
2.6.2. Strong Acids and Strong Bases
2.6.3. The Relationship between pH and pOH
2.6.4. Modeling Natural Waters that Contain a Weak Acid
2.7. Environmental Fate and Partitioning of Chemicals
2.8. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 3. Biogeochemical Cycles
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Biogeochemical Cycles
3.3. The Hydrologic Cycle
3.4. Water Repositories
3.5. Pathways of Water Flow
3.6. Precipitation
3.7. Watersheds and Runoff
3.8. Water Budget
3.9. Mass Balance and System Boundaries
3.10. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 4. Water Quality Impacts
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The Water Crisis
4.3. Water Quality Parameters
4.3.1. Microorganisms in Water
4.3.2. Dissolved Oxygen
4.3.3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
4.3.4. Nutrients in Water
4.4. Modeling the Impacts of Water Pollutants
4.4.1. Modeling Dissolved Oxygen in a River or Stream
4.4.2. Modeling Oxygen Demand and Eutrophic Conditions in Temperate Lakes
4.5. Water Treatment Technologies
4.5.1. Drinking Water Treatment Technologies
4.5.2. Wastewater Treatment Technologies
4.6. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 5. Impacts on Air Quality
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. History
5.1.2. Regulations
5.2. Health Effects of Air Pollutants
5.2.1. Carbon Monoxide
5.2.2. Lead
5.2.3. Nitrogen Oxides
5.2.4. Ozone
5.2.5. Particulate Matter (PM)
5.2.6. Sulfur Oxides
5.2.7. Hazardous Air Pollutants
5.3. Estimating Emissions of Air Pollutants
5.3.1. Mass Balance Approach
5.3.2. Emission Factors
5.4. Dispersion of Air Pollutants
5.5. Global Impacts of Air Pollutants
5.6. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 6. The Carbon Cycle and Energy Balances
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Climate Science History
6.3. Carbon Sources and Emissions
6.4. The Carbon Cycle, Carbon Flow Pathways, and Repositories
6.5. Global Energy Balance
6.6. Global Energy Balance and Surface Temperature Model
6.7. Greenhouse Gases and Effects
6.8. Climate Change Projections and Impacts
6.9. Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, Capture, and Sequestration
6.10. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 7. Models for Sustainable Engineering
7.1. Introduction
7.2. What Do We Mean by Sustainability?
7.3. The Nature of Natural Resources
7.3.1. Traditional Concepts of Natural Resources
7.3.2. Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital
7.4. Footprint Indicators of Sustainability
7.4.1. Mass Balance and the Footprint Concept
7.4.2. The Ecological Footprint
7.5. Waste Management and Material Life Cycles
7.5.1. The Waste Management Hierarchy
7.5.2. Engineering Models Based on Waste and Materials Management
7.6. Ecological Design
7.6.1. Broad Perspectives on Ecological Design
7.6.2. Biomimicry
7.7. Sustainable and Green Engineering
7.8. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Open-Ended Problems
Chapter 8. Energy Conservation and Development
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Energy and Society
8.2.1. Energy Issues in Low-Income Countries
8.2.2. Energy Issues in High-Income Countries
8.2.3. Accounting for Societal Energy Consumption
8.3. Energy and the Environment
8.3.1. Energy and Natural Resources
8.3.2. Energy and Environmental Degradation
8.3.3. Climate Impacts
8.4. Direct and Embodied Energy
8.5. Opportunities for Energy Sustainability
8.5.1. Energy Conservation and Curtailment
8.5.2. Energy Efficiency
8.5.3. Energy Recovery
8.5.4. Renewable Energy and Alternative Fuels
8.5.5. Fuel Switching
8.5.6. Pollution Prevention and Control
8.6. Appropriate Technology, Scale, and Distributed Energy
8.6.1. Appropriate Technology
8.6.2. Distributed Energy
8.7. Energy Policy
8.8. The Water–Energy Nexus
8.9. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Open-Ended Design Problem
Chapter 9. Industrial Ecology
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The IPAT Equation
9.2.1. Impact
9.2.2. Population
9.2.3. Affluence
9.2.4. Technology
9.2.5. Application of the IPAT Equation
9.3. Resource Allocation
9.3.1. Intergenerational Equity
9.3.2. Intragenerational Equity
9.3.3. Implications for Technology
9.4. Technology, Emissions, and Impacts
9.4.1. Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Potential (GWP)
9.4.2. Ozone Depletion
9.4.3. Other Impact Categories
9.5. Risk Assessment and Analysis
9.5.1. Hazard Identification and Levels of Risk
9.5.2. Dose–Response Assessment
9.5.3. Exposure Assessment
9.5.4. Risk Characterization
9.6. Industrial Metabolism
9.6.1. Type I System
9.6.2. Type II System
9.6.3. A Type III System
9.6.4. Biological Metabolism
9.6.5. Industrial Metabolism
9.7. Eco-Industrial Parks
9.8. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 10. Life Cycle Analysis
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Life Cycle Thinking
10.3. Life Cycle Assessment Framework
10.3.1. Goal and Scope Definition
10.3.2. Inventory Analysis
10.3.3. Impact Assessment
10.3.4. Interpretation
10.4. Materials Flow Analysis
10.4.1. Efficiencies in Mass Flow Systems
10.4.2. Constructing a Materials Flow System
10.5. Embodied Energy
10.6. Impact Assessment
Mandatory Elements
10.7. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Chapter 11. Sustainability and the Built Environment
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change
11.3. Land-Use Planning and Its Role in Sustainable Development
11.3.1. Zoning and Land-Use Planning
11.3.2. Smart Growth
11.4. Environmentally Sensitive Design
11.4.1. Low-Impact Development
11.4.2. Erosion Challenges
11.4.3. Green Infrastructure and Conservation Design
11.5. Green Building
11.5.1. The LEED Rating and Certification System
11.5.2. Green Building and Land-Use Planning
11.6. Energy Use and Buildings
11.6.1. Strategies for Building Energy Conservation
11.6.2. The Role of Energy Building Codes
11.6.3. “Beyond Code” Energy Rating Systems and Models
11.7. Summary
Key Concepts
References
Active Learning Exercises
Problems
Open-Ended Design Problems
Chapter 12. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability in Practice
12.1. Introduction
12.2. The Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations
12.3. The Economics of Sustainability
12.3.1. The Fundamental Affordability of Greener Goods and Services
12.3.2. The Opportunity Cost of Money
12.3.3. The Problem of Externalities
12.3.4. The Difficulty of Environmental Valuation
12.4. The Role of Government
12.5. Social Justice and Sustainability in Wealthy Countries
12.6. Summary
References
Key Concepts
Problems
Open-Ended Problems
Appendix A. Conversion Factors
Appendix B. Earth and Environmental Physical and Chemical Data
Appendix C. Sustainability Indicators
Appendix D. Carbon Sources and Equivalence
Appendix E. Water Footprint of Products
Appendix F. Exposure Factors for Risk Assessments
Appendix G. Benchmarks Used in Conservation Planning
Appendix H. Periodic Table
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