Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere 6th edition by Phaedra Pezzullo, Robert Cox ISBN 1544387032‎ 978-1544387031

PART I • COMMUNICATING FOR/ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 1 • Defining Environmental Communication

Studying Environmental Communication

What Is “Environmental Communication”?

Ways of Studying Environmental Communication

The Ethics of Crisis and Care

Communication, the Environment, and the Public Sphere

Communication as Symbolic Action: Wolves

Why Communication Matters to “the Environment”

Public Spheres as Democratic Spaces

The Attitude–Behavior Gap and the Importance of Values

The Attitude–Behavior Gap

Environmental Values

Diverse Environmental Voices in the Public Sphere

Citizens and Civil Society

Nongovernmental Organizations and Movements

Politicians and Public Officials

Businesses

Scientists and Scholars

Journalists

Communication Professionals and Creatives

Lawyers and Judges

Places and Nonhuman Species

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 2 • Contested Meanings: A Brief History

Turtle Island

Learning to Love Nature

Wilderness Preservation Versus Natural Resource Conservation

John Muir and the Wilderness Preservation Movement

Gifford Pinchot and the Conservation of Natural Resources

Public Health and the Ecology Movement

Rachel Carson and the Public Health Movement

Earth Day and Legislative Landmarks

Environmental Justice: Linking Social Justice and Public Health

Redefining the Meaning of “Environment”

Defining “Environmental Justice”

Contemporary Movements for Sustainability and Climate Justice

Introducing Sustainability

Moving Toward Climate Justice and a Just Transition

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 3 • Symbolic Constructions of the Environment

A Rhetorical Perspective

Terministic Screens and Identification

Naming

Framing

The Rhetorical Situation

Constructing “Plastic” as a Crisis

Metaphors and Genres

Dominant and Critical Discourses

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 4 • Environmental Media and Sustainability

The Environment and Popular Culture

Media and Voice

Media’s Life Cycle

Encoding/Decoding Media

Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Sustainability Discourses

Government-Regulated Green Labels and Guidelines

Corporate Sustainability Communication: Reflection or Deflection?

Green Product Advertising

Selling Green

Green Image Enhancement

Green Corporate Image Repairs

Greenwashing

Corporate Greenwashing

Discourse of Green Consumerism

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

PART II • Environmental Campaigns and Movements

Chapter 5 • Environmental Advocacy Campaigns

Environmental Advocacy

Campaigns Differ From Critical Rhetoric

Critical Rhetoric

Advocacy Campaigns

Environmental Advocacy Campaigns

Identifying the Campaign’s Goal

Goal Versus Objectives

Identifying Audiences

Primary Versus Secondary Audiences

Setting a Campaign Strategy

Campaign Strategy Versus Tactics

Communication Tasks

Researching: Rhetorical Constraints and Audiences

Storytelling: Composing a Campaign’s Message

Organizing: Mobilizing People

The Campaign to Protect Zuni Salt Lake

Zuni Salt Lake and a Coal Mine

A Coalition’s Campaign

What? Campaign Objectives

Who? Campaign Audiences

Why? Campaign Strategy

How? Communication Tasks

Success for Zuni Salt Lake

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 6 • Digital Environmental Organizing

Grassroots Activism and Digital Media

Alert, Amplify, and Engage

Alert

Amplify

Engage

Affordances of Digital Communication Technologies

Hypermediacy

Remediation

Digitally Mediated Social Networks

Environmental NGOs and Digital Campaign Dilemmas

Reaching New Audiences in an App-Centric World

Engaging Publics Beyond a Click

Online/Off-line and “Public Will” Campaigns

Online/Off-line and “the Places of Social Life”

Digital Media and “Public Will” Campaigns

Multimodality and Networked Campaigns

Environmental Activism and Multimodal Networks

NGOs’ Sponsored Networks

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 7 • Visual and Market Advocacy

Visual Rhetoric and Nature Advocacy

Seeing the American West

Picturing the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Moving Images of Disasters

Witnessing Ecological Crises

Witnessing Biodiversity Loss in Public Spaces

Consumer Advocacy and Market Advocacy

Consumer-Based Campaigns

Market Advocacy

Hybrid Consumer Campaigns

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 8 • Environmental Justice and Climate Justice Movements

Environmental Justice: Challenges, Critiques, and Change

The Beginnings of a “New” Movement

Toxic Waste and the Birth of a Movement

We Speak for Ourselves: Naming “Environmental Racism”

Building the Movement for Environmental Justice

Institutionalization of Environmental Justice

Honoring Frontline Knowledge and Traveling on Toxic Tours

The Politics of Voice

Decorum and the Norms of Public Forums

Rose Marie Augustine’s Story: “Hysterical Hispanic Housewives”

Charlotte Keys’s Story: “The Evidence Is in My Body!”

Claire McClinton: “We’ve Got a Democracy Problem.”

The Politics of Place

Witnessing Environmental Injustices in the Maquiladoras

The Global Movement for Climate Justice

Climate Justice: A Frame to Connect the World

A Cruel Irony: Impacts of Climate Disasters

Framing Climate Crises as Unethical and as Human Rights Exigencies

Mobilizing for Climate Justice

Transnational Organizing

Strategic Campaigns

A Revival of Civil Disobedience

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

PART III • ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSES AND PUBLIC SPHERES

Chapter 9 • Environmental Journalism

Environmental Journalism in the Public Sphere

Event-Driven Coverage

Strong Visual Elements

Nonstop News Cycle

A Perfect Storm: The Decline of Traditional Journalism in the West

Breaking News and Environmental Journalism

Newsworthiness

Media Frames

Norms of Objectivity and Balance

Objectivity

Balance

Political Economy of News Media

Gatekeeping and Newsroom Routines

Media Effects and Influences

Agenda Setting

Narrative Framing

Cultivation Analysis

Media Engagement Continuum

Digital Storytelling and Environmental News

Digitizing Environmental Journalism

Changing Reporters’ Routines

Online News Organizations

Social Media and Citizen Environmental Journalism

Social Media and Eco-news

Citizen Environmental Journalism

Crisis Reporting

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 10 • Science and Climate Communication

Scientific Argumentation

Symbolic Legitimacy and the “Eclipse” of the Public

Public Controversy and Fracking Technology

Early Warners: Environmental Scientists and the Public

Dilemmas of Neutrality and Scientists’ Credibility

Environmental Scientists as Early Warners

Censoring the Early Warnings of a NASA Scientist

Political Interference in Scientists’ Communication With the Public

Resisting (Climate) Science

A Trope of Uncertainty

Misinformation and Disinformation Campaigns

Communicating Climate Science

Early Metaphors and Symbols of Climate Change

Climate Metaphors

Polar Bears as Climate Condensation Symbols

In the Crossroads of Fear and Hope: Infographics, Art, and Humor

Green Graphic Design

Science + Art

Creative Climate Communication: A Laughing Matter?

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 11 • Public Health and Environmental Risk Communication

Dangerous Environments: Assessment in a Risk Society

Risk Assessment

Technical Risk Assessment

Limitations of the Technical Approach

A Cultural Theory of Risk Assessment

Environmental Hazards Versus Outrage

Cultural Rationality and Risk

Limitations of the Cultural Approach

Communicating Environmental Risks in the Public Sphere

A Technical Model of Risk Communication

A Cultural Model of Risk Communication

Mercury Poisoning and Fish Advisories: A Technical Model of Risk Communication

Mercury Poisoning and Fish Advisories: A Cultural Model of Risk Communication

The Precautionary Principle

Citizens Becoming Scientists

Voices of Environmental Risk

News Media Reports of Risk: Accurate Information or Sensational Stories?

Whose Voices Speak of Risk?

Legitimizers as Sources for Risk

Voices of the “Side Effects”

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

PART IV • GREEN GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL SPHERES

Chapter 12 • Public Participation and Democratic Rights

Rights of Public Participation

Right to Know: Transparency and Access to Information

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act

The Toxic Release Inventory

Right to Comment: Involvement

Public Hearings and Comments

Advisory Committees and Collaboration

SLAPP: Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation

Sued for Speaking Out

Response to SLAPPs

Growth of Public Participation Internationally

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Chapter 13 • Voice and Public Dissent

Right of Expression and Right of Assembly

Right of Expression

Right of Assembly

Right of Standing: Who Legally Can Speak?

Landmark Cases on Environmental Standing

Establishing Non-Economic Injury

Environmental Backlash Against Protecting the Future From Harm

Establishing the Perception of Threat

Reversing, Slowing, or Reducing Global Warming as Injury

Who Should Have a Right of Standing?

Should Corporations Have “Free Speech”?

Should Future Generations Legally Matter?

Should Nonhumans Have Standing?

Summary

Suggested Resources

Key Terms

Discussion Questions

Epilogue: Imagining Stories of/for Our Future

Glossary

References

Index