Ergonomics How to Design for Ease and Efficiency 3th edition by Katrin Kroemer Elbert,Henrike,Anne 9780128132975 0128132973

Ergonomics How to Design for Ease and Efficiency 3th edition by Katrin Kroemer Elbert,Henrike,Anne  – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:9780128132975,0128132973
Full dowload Ergonomics How to Design for Ease and Efficiency 3th edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10:0128132973
ISBN 13:9780128132975
Author:Katrin Kroemer Elbert,Henrike,Anne 

Ergonomics: How to Design for Ease and Efficiency, Third Edition updates and expands this classic guide, including the latest essential themes and regulations. An introductory section provides all of the physical and mental ergonomics theory engineers, designers, and managers need for a range of applications. The following section provides authoritative advice on how to design for the human in a range of real world situations, now including new content on subjects including the individual within an organization, planning for space journeys, taking back control from autonomous systems, and design for aging.

Retaining its easy-to-use layout and jargon-free style, this book remains an invaluable source of models, measures and advice for anyone who needs to understand ergonomics.

• Updated throughout to address new research on themes, including haptics, autonomous vehicles, and circadian rhythms
• Includes discussions of the physical (anthropometric, biomechanical) and mental capacities of the human, along with tables of reference data
• Provides both managerial and engineering recommendations, covering aspects of ergonomics that are relevant across the project

Ergonomics How to Design for Ease and Efficiency 3th  Table of contents:

Section I – The Ergonomic Knowledge Base

Chapter 1 – Size and Mobility of the Human Body

Overview

1.1 – Humans Spreading Over the Earth

1.2 – Anthropology and Anthropometry

1.2.1 – Measurement Techniques

1.2.2 – Body Posture during Measurements

1.2.3 – Body Measures

1.2.4 – Classical Measuring Techniques

1.2.5 – New Measurement Techniques

1.3 – Available Anthropometric Information

1.3.1 – Variability

1.3.1.1 – Measurement Variability

1.3.1.2 – Intraindividual Variability

1.3.1.3 – Interindividual Variability

1.3.1.4 – Secular Variations

1.3.2 – Population Samples

1.4 – Anthropometric Statistics

1.5 – Using Anthropometric Data

1.6 – Body Proportions

1.6.1 – Body Image

1.6.2 – “Desirable” Body Weight

1.6.3 – Body Mass Index

1.7 – Dealing with Statistics

1.8 – How to Obtain Missing Data

1.9 – “Fitting” Design Procedures

1.9.1 – Safe Distances

1.10 – Design Steps

1.11 – Chapter Summary

1.12 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 2 – Bones, Muscles, and Strength of the Human Body

Overview

2.1 – Understanding the Human Body

2.2 – The Skeletal System

2.2.1 – Bones

2.2.2 – Connective Tissues

2.2.3 – Joints

2.2.3.1 – Artificial Joints

2.2.4 – The Spinal Column

2.2.5 – The Hands

2.3 – Muscle

2.3.1 – Architecture of Skeletal Muscle

2.3.2 – Control of Muscle Contraction

2.3.2.1 – The Motor Unit

2.3.3 – Activation of the Motor Unit

2.3.4 – Muscle Fatigue

2.3.4.1 – Length–Strength Relationships

2.4 – Voluntary Strength

2.4.1 – Regulation of Strength Exertion

2.4.2 – Measuring Strength

2.4.2.1 – Practical Assessment of Human Strength

2.4.2.2 – The Strength Test Protocol

2.5 – Designing for Body Strength

2.6 – Chapter Summary

2.7 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 3 – How the Body Does Its Work

Overview

3.1 – Introduction1

3.2 – The Respiratory System

3.2.1 – Respiratory Volumes

3.3 – The Circulatory System

3.3.1 – Architecture of the Circulatory System

3.3.2 – Pathways of Blood

3.3.3 – Regulation of Circulation

3.4 – The Metabolic System

3.4.1 – Metabolism and Work

3.4.2 – Energy Transformation in the Body

3.4.3 – The Energy Pathways

3.4.4 – Foodstuffs

3.4.4.1 – Carbohydrates

3.4.4.2 – Fat

3.4.4.3 – Protein

3.4.5 – Stored Energy

3.4.6 – Energy Release

3.4.7 – Energy by ATP–ADP Conversion

3.4.8 – Muscular Work

3.4.8.1 – Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism

3.4.9 – Energy Use and Body Weight

3.5 – Energy Requirements at Rest and at Work

3.5.1 – Fatigue

3.5.2 – Assessing Energy Expenditures

3.5.2.1 – Energy Requirements of a Task

3.5.2.2 – Measuring Oxygen Uptake

3.5.2.3 – Counting the Heart Rate

3.5.2.4 – Subjective Rating of Perceived Effort

3.5.2.5 – Rating Scales

3.5.3 – Estimating Energy Expenditures for Specific Work Functions

3.5.3.1 – Defining the “Heaviness” of Work

3.6 – Chapter Summary

3.7 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 4 – How the Mind Works

Overview

4.1 – Introduction

4.2 – The “Traditional” and the “Ecological” Concepts

4.3 – Organization of the Nervous System

4.3.1 – Central and Peripheral Nervous System

4.3.2 – Brain and Spinal Cord

4.3.2.1 – Neuroplasticity

4.3.2.2 – Sensors

4.3.2.3 – Feelings and Reactions: How and Why

4.3.3 – The “Signal Loop”

4.3.4 – Ergonomic Uses of Nervous Signals

4.3.5 – Responding to Stimuli

4.3.5.1 – Simple and Choice Reaction Times

4.3.5.2 – Motion Time

4.3.5.3 – Response Time

4.3.6 – Mental Workload

4.3.6.1 – Measuring Workload

4.3.6.2 – Measures of Workload

4.4 – Stress

4.4.1 – Demand, Capacity, Performance

4.4.2 – Stress Experienced by Individuals and Groups

4.4.2.1 – Occupational Health Psychology

4.4.3 – Stress Experienced by Confined Groups

4.5 – Enhancing Performance

4.5.1 – Enhancing Individual Performance

4.5.2 – Enhancing Team Work

4.6 – When Our Mind Plays Tricks on Us

4.6.1 – Detecting Deception

4.7 – Chapter Summary

4.8 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 5 – Human Senses

Overview

5.1 – Introduction

5.2 – Body Sensors

5.2.1 – Stimuli

5.2.2 – Adaption and Inhibition

5.2.3 – Sensory Thresholds

5.3 – Seeing—The Vision Sense

5.3.1 – Architecture of the Eye

5.3.2 – Mobility of the Eyes

5.3.3 – Line of Sight

5.3.4 – The Visual Field

5.3.5 – Accommodation

5.3.6 – Visual Fatigue

5.3.7 – Vision Problems

5.3.8 – Vision Stimuli

5.3.9 – Viewing Conditions

5.3.10 – Visual Adaptation

5.3.11 – Visual Acuity

5.3.12 – Visual Contrast

5.3.13 – Measurement of Light (Photometry)

5.3.13.1 – Radiometry

5.3.13.2 – Photometry Adapted to the Human Eye

5.3.14 – Color Perception

5.3.14.1 – Esthetics and Psychology of Color

5.3.15 – Illumination Concepts in Engineering and Design

5.3.16 – Vision Myths

5.4 – Hearing—The Auditory Sense

5.4.1 – Sound

5.4.2 – Ear Anatomy and Hearing

5.4.2.1 – The Human Hearing Range

5.4.3 – Pathways of Sound

5.4.4 – Human Responses to Music

5.4.4.1 – “White” and “Pink” Noise

5.4.5 – Physiological Effects of Sound

5.4.5.1 – Effects of Noise on Human Performance

5.4.6 – Noise-induced Hearing Loss

5.4.6.1 – Sounds that Can Damage Hearing

5.4.6.2 – Individual Susceptibility to NIHL

5.4.6.3 – Means to Prevent NIHL

5.4.6.4 – Hearing Protection Devices and NIHL

5.4.6.5 – Infrasound and Ultrasound

5.4.7 – Pychophysics of Hearing

5.4.8 – Voice Communications and Intelligibility

5.4.8.1 – Speech Intelligibility

5.4.8.2 – Shouting in Noise

5.4.8.3 – Masking and Filtering of Speech

5.4.8.4 – Components of Speech Communication

5.4.8.5 – Hearing Protection Devices and Speech

5.4.8.6 – Improving Hearing

5.4.8.7 – Reverberation

5.4.8.8 – Communication at Altitude or Under Water

5.4.9 – Acoustic Phenomena

5.5 – Smelling—The Olfactory Sense

5.5.1 – Odor Sensors

5.5.2 – Odorants

5.5.3 – Describing Qualities of Odor

5.5.4 – Effects of Odors

5.5.5 – Utility of Odors

5.6 – Tasting—The Gustation Sense

5.6.1 – Taste Sensors

5.6.2 – Taste Stimuli and Qualities

5.7 – Touching—The Cutaneous Senses

5.7.1 – Touch Sensors and Stimuli

5.7.2 – Sensing Taction

5.7.2.1 – Taction Sensors and Stimuli

5.7.2.2 – Architecture of the Taction System

5.7.2.3 – Tactile Sensor Stimulation

5.7.3 – Sensing Temperature

5.7.3.1 – Temperature Sensors and Stimuli

5.7.3.2 – Cold and Warm Sensations

5.7.4 Sensing Pain

5.7.4.1 – Pain—All in The Brain?

5.7.5 Sensing Electrical Stimulation

5.8 – Maintaining Balance—The Vestibular Sense

5.8.1 – Vestibular Sensors and Stimuli

5.8.2 – Response to Accelerations

5.9 – Engineering use of Sensory Capabilities

5.9.1 – Changing Sensory Modalities

5.9.1.1 – Using the Taction Sense

5.9.1.2 – Using the Temperature Sense

5.9.1.3 – Using the Smell Sense

5.9.1.4 – Using the Taste Sense

5.9.1.5 – Using the Electrical Sense

5.9.1.6 – Using the Pain Sense

5.9.2 – Dysfunction in Sensory Processing

5.10 – Chapter Summary

5.11 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 6 – How the Body Interacts with the Environment

Overview

6.1 – Climate

6.1.1 – The Energy Balance

6.1.2 – Energy Exchanges with the Environment

6.1.2.1 – Heat Exchange by Radiation

6.1.2.2 – Heat Exchange through Convection and Conduction

6.1.2.3 – Heat Exchange by Evaporation

6.1.3 – Body Heat Balance

6.1.4 – Temperature Regulation and Sensation

6.1.5 – Achieving Thermal Homeostasis

6.1.6 – Reactions of the Body to Hot Environments

6.1.7 – Reactions of the Body to Cold Environments

6.2.7.1 – How Cold Does It Feel?

6.1.8 – Acclimation

6.1.9 – Working Strenuously in Heat

6.1.10 – Working Strenuously in Cold

6.1.11 – Designing the Thermal Environment

6.1.12 – Climate: Summary

6.2 – Polluted Air

6.3 – High Altitude

6.3.1 – High Altitudes: Summary

6.4 – Vibrations and Impacts

6.4.1 – Describing Vibration

6.4.2 – Whole-body Vibration

6.4.3 – Modeling the Elastic Human Body

6.4.4 – Vibration Effects on Comfort, Performance, Health

6.4.5 – Describing Impacts

6.4.6 – Falling through the Atmosphere

6.4.7 – Accelerations in Aerospace

6.4.8 – Vibrations and Impacts: Summary

6.5 – Space

6.5.1 – Humans in Space

6.5.2 – Radiation

6.5.3 – Pollution and Contamination

6.5.4 – Protective Spacesuits

6.5.5 – Impact with Objects in Space

6.5.6 – Microgravity

6.5.6.1 – Musculoskeletal System

6.5.6.2 – Blood and Fluid Distribution

6.5.6.3 – Nervous Control

6.5.6.4 – Performance

6.5.7 – Artificial Gravity

6.5.8 – Space: Summary

6.6 – Under Water

6.6.1 – Sensory Inputs and Perception

6.6.2 – Effects of Water Pressure

6.6.3 – Under Water: Summary

6.7 – Chapter Summary

6.8 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 7 – Effects of Rhythms, Schedules, Substances

Overview

7.1 – Biological Rhythms

7.1.1 – Circadian Rhythms

7.1.2 – Daily Performance Rhythms

7.2 – Sleep

7.2.1 – Early Theories of Sleep

7.2.2 – Current Theories of Sleep

7.2.3 – Sleep Stages

7.2.4 – Normal Sleep Requirements

7.2.5 – Sleep Loss and Tiredness

7.2.5.1 – Using Caffeine to Stimulate Wakefulness

7.2.6 – Deprivation and Recovery

7.3 – Shift Work

7.3.1 – Advantages and Disadvantages

7.3.2 – Effect on Health

7.3.3 – Disruptiveness of Shift Work

7.4 – Compressed Work-Weeks, Extended Work-Days

7.4.1 – Appropriateness

7.4.2 – Advantages and Disadvantages

7.5 – Flextime

7.6 – Body Rhythms and Alternate Work Schedules: Summary

7.7 – Effects of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Other Drugs on Performance

7.7.1 – Alcohol and Human Performance

7.7.1.1 – Blood Alcohol Content

7.7.1.2 – Aftereffects of Alcohol

7.7.1.3 – Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System

7.7.1.4 – Effects of Alcohol on Human Senses

7.7.1.5 – Effects of Alcohol on Motor Control

7.7.1.6 – Effects of Alcohol on Cognition

7.7.1.7 – Epidemiology of Alcohol Use

7.7.1.8 – Screening for Problematic Alcohol Use

7.7.1.9 – Effects of Alcohol on Performing Industrial Tasks

7.7.1.10 – Effects of Alcohol on Automobile Driving

7.7.1.11 – Effects of Alcohol on Pilots

7.7.2 – Marijuana and Human Performance

7.7.2.1 – Effects of Marijuana on Physiology

7.7.2.2 – Effects of Marijuana on Mind and Mood

7.7.2.3 – Effects of Marijuana on Automobile Driving

7.7.3 – Other Drugs that Affect Performance and Behavior

7.7.4 – Human Factors Perspectives on Addressing Alcohol and Drug (Ab)Use

7.7.5 – Effects of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Other Drugs: Summary

7.8 – Chapter Summary

7.9 – Challenges

Notes

Section II – Design Applications

Chapter 8 – Ergonomic Models, Methods, Measurements

Overview

8.1 – Introduction

8.2 – Models

8.2.1 – Types of Models

8.2.1.1 – Good and Bad Models

8.2.1.2 – Ergonomic Models

8.2.1.3 – Inadequate Models

8.2.1.4 – Misuse of Modeling

8.3 – Methods

8.3.1 – Turning a Question into a Testable Hypothesis

8.3.2 – Assessing Performance

8.4 – Measurements

8.5 – Examples of Models, Methods, Measurements

8.6 – Chapter Summary

8.7 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 9 – Designing to Fit the Moving Body

Overview

9.1 – Moving, Not Staying Still

9.1.1 – “Suitable” Body Motions and Positions at Work

9.2 – Recording and Evaluating Postures at Work

9.3 – Designing for the Standing Operator

9.4 – Designing for the Sitting Operator

9.5 – Designing for Working Positions Other than Sitting or Standing

9.5.1 – Work in Restricted Spaces

9.6 – Designing for Foot Operation

9.6.1 – Design Rules for Foot Controls

9.7 – Designing for Hand Use

9.7.1 – Designing Hand Tools

9.7.2 – Design Rules for Hand Tools

9.8 – Designing for Human Strength

9.8.1 – Design Rules for Operator Strength

9.9 – Designing for Vision

9.10 – Designing to Avoid Overuse Disorders in Shop and Office

9.10.1 – Biomechanical Strains of the Body

9.10.2 – Body Components at Risk from Overuse Disorders

9.10.3 – Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

9.10.4 – Occupational Activities and Related Disorders

9.10.5 – Stages of Overuse Disorders and Their Treatment

9.10.6 – Nonbiomechanical Factors in Overuse Disorders

9.10.7 – Ergonomic Interventions

9.10.8 – Research Needs

9.11 – Chapter Summary

9.12 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 10 – The Computer Workplace

Overview

10.1 – Introduction

10.2 – Theories of Posture and Comfort

10.2.1 – Sitting Upright

10.2.2 – Assessing “Suitable” Postures

10.2.3 – Comfort Versus Annoyance

10.2.4 – Free-flowing Motion

10.2.5 – Ergonomic Design of the Workstation

10.3 – Designing for Vision, Manipulation, and Body Support

10.3.1 – Designing for Visual Interfaces

10.4.1.1 Proper Office Lighting

10.3.2 – Designing for Motor Interfaces

10.3.3 – Designing the Sit-down Workstation

10.4.3.1 Office Chair

10.3.4 – Designing the Stand-up Workstation

10.4 – The Office Environment

10.4.1 – The Home Office

10.4.2 – On-the-go Offices

10.4.3 – Co-working Spaces

10.4.4 – Workspace of the Future

10.4.5 – Fitting It All Together

10.5 – Chapter Summary

10.6 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 11 – The Individual Within an Organization

Overview

11.1 – Introduction

11.2 – Elements of an Organization

11.3 – The Individual

11.3.1 – Behavior: The APCFB Model

11.3.2 – Motivation: Individual and Environment Models

11.3.2.1 Individual-focused Models of Motivation

11.3.2.2 Environmentally Focused Models of Motivation

11.4 – Job Satisfaction

11.5 – Job Design

11.6 – Power at Work

11.7 – Communicating at Work

11.7.1 – Interacting with Others

11.7.2 – Performance Appraisals

11.7.3 – Workplace Bullying

11.8 – Stress within Organizations

11.9 – Work–Life Balance

11.9.1 – The Standard Work Week

11.9.2 – Human Nature and Work

11.9.3 – Work–Life Integration

11.9.4 – When the Balance Shifts

11.9.5 – How to Achieve Work–Life Balance

11.9.5.1 Define Success for Yourself

11.9.5.2 Manage Technology

11.9.5.3 Build Support Networks

11.9.5.4 Collaborate with Partner/Family

11.10 – Chapter Summary

11.11 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 12 – Selection, Design, and Arrangement of Controls and Displays

Overview

12.1 – Controls

12.1.1 – Selecting the Control

12.1.1.1 – Compatibility of Control-Machine Movement

12.1.1.2 – Control Actuation Force or Torque

12.1.1.3 – Control-Effect Relationships

12.1.2 – Arranging and Grouping Controls

12.1.3 – Designing Controls

12.1.3.1 – Detent Controls

12.1.3.2 – Continuous Controls

12.1.3.3 – Remote Control Units

12.1.3.4 – Foot-operated Controls

12.1.4 – Coding Controls

12.1.5 – Preventing Accidental Activation of Controls

12.2 – Keyboards and Computer Input Devices

12.2.1 – Numerical Keypads

12.2.2 – Computer Keyboards

12.2.2.1 – Problems with Current Keyboards

12.2.2.2 – Rethinking the Keyboard

12.2.3 – Other Input Devices

12.2.4 – New Solutions

12.3 – Displays

12.3.1 – Selecting the Display

12.3.1.1 – Emergency Signals

12.3.2 – Visual Displays

12.3.2.1 – “Check” Displays

12.3.2.2 – “Read” Displays

12.3.2.3 – Locating and Arranging Displays

12.3.2.4 – Display–Control Assignments

12.3.3 – Auditory Displays

12.4 – Labels and Warnings

12.4.1 – Labels

12.4.2 – Warnings

12.4.2.1 – Active Versus Passive Warning

12.4.3 – Design of Warnings

12.5 – Autonomous Systems

12.5.1 – Autonomous Ships

12.5.2 – Autonomous Aircraft

12.5.3 – Autonomous Vehicles

12.5.4 – Failures of Autonomous Systems

12.5.5 – Taking Back Control From Autonomous Systems

12.6 – Chapter Summary

12.7 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 13 – Handling Loads

Overview

13.1 – Strains Associated with Load Handling

13.2 – Assessing Body Capabilities for Material Handling

13.2.1 – Trunk Strains

13.2.2 – Muscle Strains

13.2.3 – Metabolic and Circulatory Strains

13.2.4 – Psycho-physiologic Strains

13.3 – Current Guidelines for Material Handling

13.3.1 – Lifting and Lowering Guidelines (NIOSH)

13.3.2 – Pushing and Pulling, Lifting and Lowering Guidelines (Liberty Mutual)

13.3.3 – Comparing Guidelines

13.3.4 – Use of Lifting Belts

13.4 – Training Individuals

13.4.1 – Training in Proper Lifting Techniques

13.4.2 – “Back Schools”

13.4.3 – “Fitness” Training

13.4.4 – Training: What? How? Whom?

13.4.5 – Summary of Training

13.5 – Selecting Workers by Physical Testing

13.5.1 – Selection by General Physical Capabilities

13.5.2 – Selection by Individual Strength Assessment

13.5.3 – Pros and Cons of Screening Techniques

13.6 – Ergonomic Design for Load Handling

13.6.1 – Facility Layout

13.6.2 – Work Environment

13.6.3 – Work Equipment

13.6.3.1 – Ergonomic Design of Equipment

13.6.4 – Work-place and Work-task

13.6.5 – Simple Ergonomic Rules for Load Handling

13.7 – Carrying Techniques

13.8 – Moving Patients

13.9 – Chapter Summary

13.10 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 14 -Designing for Special Populations

Overview

14.1 – Background

14.2 – Designing for Women or Men

14.3 – Designing for Pregnant Women

14.4 – Designing for Children

14.4.1 – Designing for Body Size

14.4.2 – Designing for Body Mass

14.4.3 – Designing for Body Strength

14.5 – Designing for the Aging

14.5.1 – Changes in Anthropometry

14.5.2 – Changes in Anthromechanics

14.5.3 – Changes in Respiration and Circulation

14.5.4 – Changes in Somesthetic Functions

14.5.5 – Changes in Vision

14.5.5.1 – Changes in the Lens

14.5.5.2 – Designing for Aging Vision

14.5.6 – Changes in Hearing

14.5.7 – Changes in Taste and Smell

14.5.8 – Changes in Psychometric Performance

14.5.9 – Research Needs

14.5.10 – Designing for the Aging Driver

14.5.11 – Designing for the Older Worker

14.5.12 – Designing a Home for the Aging

14.5.13 – Designing Nursing Homes

14.6 – Designing for Disabled Individuals

14.7 – Designing for Overweight/Obese Workers

14.7.1 – Effects of Obesity in the Workplace

14.7.2 – Considerations for Overweight/Obese Workers

14.8 – Designing for Patients and Healthcare Providers

14.8.1 – Moving Patients

14.8.2 – Electronic Health and Personal Records

14.8.3 – Safety Guidelines, Standards and Laws

14.8.4 – Medical Devices

14.9 – Chapter Summary

14.10 – Challenges

Notes

Chapter 15 – Why and How to Do Ergonomics

Overview

15.1 – Evolution of the Quest for Ease and Efficiency

15.2 – Reasons to Apply Ergonomics

15.3 – Micro- and Macro-Ergonomics

15.4 – How to Do Ergonomics

15.4.1 – Ergonomics in New Designs

15.4.2 – Ergonomic Interventions in Existing Designs

15.4.3 – The Hawthorne Effect

15.5 – Judging the Efficacy of Ergonomic Interventions

15.5.1 – Optimal Versus Good Solution

15.5.2 – Measuring the Results of Ergonomics

15.6.2.1 Cost–Benefit Analysis

15.6 – Improving Human and System Performance, Health, Safety, Comfort, and Quality of Life

Notes

Section III – Further Information

References

Glossary

People also search for Ergonomics How to Design for Ease and Efficiency 3th :

ergonomics how to design for ease and efficiency

ergonomics how to design for ease and efficiency 2nd edition

easy ergonomics for desktop computer users

ergonomics efficiency

design for ergonomics