ESL Writer Handbook 2nd Edition by Janine Carlock, Maeve Eberhardt, Jaime Horst, Lionel Menasche ISBN 0472037072 9780472037070

Section 1. The Writing Process

A. Overview of the Writing Process

Thinking about Your Composing Process

Exercise 1.1: Thinking about Composing

Exercise 1.2: Reflecting on the Composing Process

Stages of the Writing Process

Understanding the Assignment

Thinking about Audience

Generating Ideas

Organizing and Outlining Ideas

Drafting

Revising

Editing

B. Understanding Writing Assignments

Key Words in Assignments

Exercise 1.3: Identifying Key Words in Writing Assignments

C. Thinking about Audience

Content

Style

D. Generating Ideas

Idea-Generating Techniques: Points to Consider

Exercise 1.4: Generating Ideas

Section 2. Essay Structure

A. Shaping a Paragraph

Topic Sentences

Exercise 2.1: Topic and Comment

Development Sentences

Exercise 2.2: Topic and Development Sentences

B. Shaping an Essay

General Structure

Introductory Paragraph(s)

Development Paragraphs

Concluding Paragraph(s)

Order of Information

Exercise 2.3: Ordering Information

Organizational Patterns

Combining Patterns of Organization

Exercise 2.4: Key Words and Organizational Patterns in Writing Assignments

Paragraph Development Techniques

Exercise 2.5: Writing Descriptive Sentences

Exercise 2.6: Description: Similes and Metaphors

Exercise 2.7: Writing Definitions

Exercise 2.8: Writing Example Sentences

Exercise 2.9: Using Examples in a Paragraph

Unity and Coherence

Transitions

Exercise 2.10: Transition Words and Phrases

C. Re-Reading and Revising the Essay

D. A 10-Step Guide to the Writing Process

E. Sample Essay

Section 3. Patterns of Essay Organization

A. Narrative Essay

Exercise 3.1: Connecting Ideas in Narrative Writing

Ordering Events: Using When and While

Verb Tense Consistency in Narrative Writing

Example Essay: Narrative

B. Process Essay

Exercise 3.2: Connecting Ideas to Describe a Process

Example Essay: Explaining a Process

C. Comparison/Contrast Essay

Exercise 3.3: Expressing Comparison or Contrast

Example Essay: Comparison and Contrast

D. Cause-and-Effect Essay

Exercise 3.4: Creating a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph

Example Essay: Cause and Effect

E. Argument Essay

How to Construct a Logical Argument

Exercise 3.5: Expressing Arguments

Example Essay: Argument

F. Combining Patterns of Organization

Example Essay with Combined Patterns

Section 4. Research Paper

A. Choosing a Topic

Important Terms

B. Finding Sources

Where to Find Sources

Types of Sources

Evaluating Sources

Exercise 4.1: Evaluating Sources

C. Taking Notes

Guidelines for Taking Notes

D. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using Quotations

Tips for Paraphrasing

Paraphrased Summary Example

Plagiarism

Exercise 4.2: Recognizing Plagiarism of Language

E. Outlining

F. Writing Thesis Statements

Exercise 4.3: Thesis Statements: Argument or Report?

G. Writing Complete Drafts

Structure

Abstract

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

Transitions and Headings

Integrating Sources

Reporting Verbs

Citing Sources

H. Proofreading

I. Citation Style Guides

J. APA Style: References, Format, and Sample Paper

Exercise 4.4: APA References: Correcting Errors

APA Format for Student Research Paper

APA Sample Student Research Paper

K. MLA Style: Works Cited, Format, and Sample Paper

Exercise 4.5: MLA Works Cited: Correcting Errors

What’s New in MLA, 8th Edition?

MLA Format for Student Research Paper

MLA Sample Student Research Paper

Section 5. Grammar and Style

At Word Level

A. Word Form

Exercise 5.1: Recognizing Word Form Errors

B. Articles

Count and Non-Count Nouns

Nouns with General Reference

Nouns with Definite Reference

Nouns Using Zero (No) Article

Exercise 5.2: Using Articles

C. Prepositions

Exercise 5.3: Using Appropriate Prepositions

D. Word Choice in Formal Writing Style

Exercise 5.4: Using More Specific Words

Exercise 5.5: Using More Formal Words

E. Reference Words: Pronouns and Synonyms

Using Pronouns to Avoid Repeating Nouns

Using Demonstrative Pronouns to Avoid Repeating an Entire Phrase

Using Synonyms for Reference

Exercise 5.6: Using Reference Words to Avoid Repetition

F. Reducing Wordiness

Exercise 5.7: Reducing Wordiness

At Sentence Level

G. Parts of a Sentence

Clauses

Exercise 5.8: Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses

Phrases

H. Subject-Verb Agreement

Exercise 5.9: Practicing Subject-Verb Agreement

I. Run-On Sentences and Sentence Fragments

Run-On Sentences

Sentence Fragments

Exercise 5.10: Correcting Run-On Sentences

Exercise 5.11: Correcting Sentence Fragments

J. Comma Splice

Exercise 5.12: Recognizing Comma Splices

K. Adjective Clauses

Identifying Adjective Clauses

Non-Identifying Adjective Clauses

Exercise 5.13: Comma Use in Adjective Clauses

L. Parallel Structure

Exercise 5.14: Creating Parallel Structures

M. Sentence Combining

Exercise 5.15: Combining Sentences with Subordinators

N. Sentence Variety

Varying the Positions of Modifiers

Changing Emphasis with a Divided Sentence

Example Paragraph and Revision

Section 6. Punctuation

A. Period

End of Sentence

Exercise 6.1: Period at End of Sentence

Decimals

Exercise 6.2: Period with Decimals

B. Question Mark

Exercise 6.3: Question Mark and Period

C. Exclamation Point

Exercise 6.4: Exclamation Point

D. Comma

After Introductory or Transitional Words or Phrases

Exercise 6.5: Comma with Introductory or Transitional Words or Phrases

After Introductory Clauses

Exercise 6.6: Comma after Introductory Clauses

Before Conjunctions

Exercise 6.7: Comma before Conjunctions

In Lists of Words, Phrases, or Clauses

Exercise 6.8: Comma with Lists of Words, Phrases, or Clauses

With Coordinate Adjectives

Exercise 6.9: Comma with Coordinate Adjectives

With Quotations

Exercise 6.10: Comma with Quotations

With Some Abbreviations

Exercise 6.11: Comma with Abbreviations

With Interrupting Expressions

Exercise 6.12: Comma with Contrasting or Interrupting Elements or Those Needing Separation for Clarity

E. Semicolon

With Independent Clauses

Exercise 6.13: Semicolon with Independent Clauses

When Separating Elements with Internal Commas

Exercise 6.14: Semicolon Separating Elements with Internal Commas

F. Colon

Before a Series

Before Long Quotations

Before Short Quotations

Before the Second Part of Sentence

With a Salutation

In Bibliographic References

In Time Expressions

In Ratios

Exercise 6.15: Colon

G. Hyphen

With Compound Nouns

With Compound Adjectives

With Prefixes

With Fractions

With Syllable Division

H. Dash

With Strong Interrupting Element

With Change in Flow of Ideas

With Introductory Series

Before Items Listed in a Category

I. Double Quotation Marks

With Direct Quotations

With Long Direct Quotations

For Reference to Language Use

For Special Meaning

J. Single Quotation Marks

With Direct Quotations

K. Parentheses

With Interrupting Expressions

With Numbers

With Dates

With Citations

L. Brackets

To Show Added Words

To Show Errors in Quoted Passage

To Show Omitted Words

M. Apostrophe

With Contractions

To Show Possession

N. Ellipsis

To Show Omitted Words

O. Capital Letters

At the Beginning of a Sentence

As Part of Spelling

P. Indentation of Paragraphs and Quotations

First Line of Paragraphs

Block Indentation of Long Quotations

Q. Abbreviation Period

Section 7. Quick Reference

A. Connections between Ideas

Examples of Appropriate Expressions for Connecting Ideas

Time

Space

Means

Comparison/Contrast

Concession

Cause/Reason

Condition

Elaboration/Analysis

Referring to a Specific Point in the Text

B. Words Often Confused

C. Active and Passive Voice

D. Verb Tenses

Simple Present

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Future

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

E. Irregular Verb Forms

F. Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerund Functioning as a Noun

Infinitive Functioning as a Noun

Common Verbs Followed by the Gerund

Common Verbs Followed by the Infinitive

Common Verbs Followed by the Gerund or the Infinitive

Common Adjectives (Usually Followed by the Infinitive)

G. Using Prepositions

Phrasal Verbs

Verb + Preposition Combinations

Adjective + Preposition Combinations

Common Preposition + Noun Phrases

Section 8: Special Types of Writing

A. Email Guidelines

Email Do’s

Email Don’ts

Sample Emails

B. Resumes

Length

General Formatting

Content

Language

Sample Resumes

C. Cover Letters

Sample Cover Letter

D. Personal Statements

Guidelines

Sample Personal Statement

Common Correction Symbols for Editing