Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 2015 1st edition by Nobutoshi Ando – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 4431549773, 9784431549772
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ISBN 10: 4431549773
ISBN 13: 9784431549772
Author: Nobutoshi Ando
Esophageal cancer causes an estimated 386,000 deaths worldwide and is the sixth most common cause of death for men. The background characteristics of esophageal cancer treatment are markedly different between Asian and Western countries, however. In tumor histology, squamous cell carcinoma associated with smoking and alcohol consumption is overwhelmingly prevalent in Asia, whereas adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett’s metaplasia is markedly prevalent in the West. In Asia, especially in Japan, the key persons who play important roles in the management of esophageal cancer patients are surgeons; in the West those roles are filled by medical and radiation oncologists as well as surgeons. The philosophy of surgeons regarding cancer surgery varies from locoregional to local tumor control, particularly in focusing on lymph node dissection. Physicians’ approach to surgical adjuvant therapy differs, therefore, between Asia and the West. Considering these East–West differences in esophageal cancer treatment, the currently available results of Western evidence should not be considered directly applicable to esophageal cancer in Asia. In this book, the authors discuss the knowledge base in Japan in terms of treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Since this volume contains a wide spectrum of current information and addresses topics surrounding the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, it is highly relevant to Asian physicians and researchers as well as to their counterparts in the West.
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 2015 1st Table of contents:
1: Epidemiology of ESCC
1.1 Esophageal Cancer in the World and Japan
1.1.1 Esophageal Cancer in the World: Burden, Geographical Difference, and Trends
1.1.1.1 Global Burden and Geographical Difference [1]
1.1.1.2 Histological Type [2]
1.1.2 Esophageal Cancer in Japan
1.2 Risk Factors
1.2.1 Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
1.2.2 Genetic Susceptibility to Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Drinking
1.2.3 Fruit and Vegetable Intake
1.2.4 Mate and Hot Beverages
1.2.5 Causes of Esophageal Cancer in Japan
References
2: Pathology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Macroscopic Features
2.2.1 Handling of Specimens
2.2.2 General Features
2.2.3 Superficial Esophageal Cancer
2.2.4 Advanced Esophageal Cancer
2.2.5 Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Field Cancerization)
2.2.6 Risk Factors
2.3 Microscopic Features
2.4 Tumor Spread
2.4.1 Superficial Esophageal Cancer
2.4.1.1 Ductal/Glandular Involvement
2.4.1.2 Diffuse Pagetoid Spread
2.4.2 Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Superficial Esophageal Cancer
2.4.3 Advanced Esophageal Cancer
2.4.3.1 Intramural Metastasis
2.4.3.2 Prognostic Factors
2.5 Precursor Lesion (Squamous Dysplasia/Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
2.6 Variants
2.6.1 Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma
2.6.2 Carcinosarcoma (Sarcomatoid Carcinoma)
2.6.3 Adenosquamous Carcinoma
2.6.4 Verrucous Carcinoma
2.6.5 Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma (Esophageal Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma)
References
3: Diagnostic Imaging of the Esophageal Cancer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Anatomy of the Esophagus
3.2.1 Divisions of the Esophagus
3.2.2 Zonal Anatomy of the Esophageal Wall
3.3 T Staging by Imaging
3.3.1 Barium Esophagography
3.3.2 EUS
3.3.3 CT
3.3.3.1 CT Study Protocol and Optimal Phase for the Evaluation
3.3.3.2 Diagnostic Criteria of the Esophageal Cancer
- Esophageal Wall Thickness
- Other Features
3.3.3.3 Diagnostic Criteria for Tumor Invasion to the Adjacent Structures - Invasion to the Aorta (Defined as T4b)
- Invasion to the Tracheobronchial Tree (Defined as T4b)
- Invasion to Other Structures
3.3.4 MRI
3.3.5 PET
3.4 N Staging by Imaging
3.5 M Staging by Imaging
3.6 Follow-Up
References
4: Endoscopic Diagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
4.1 Endoscopic Imaging of the Esophagus and ESCC
4.2 Endoscopic Detection and Differential Diagnosis of Superficial ESCC
4.2.1 Conventional White Light Imaging
4.2.2 Lugol Chromoendoscopy
4.2.3 Equipment-Based Image-Enhanced Endoscopy (IEE)
4.3 Estimation of the Depth of Invasion of Superficial ESCC
4.3.1 Conventional WLI
4.3.2 Lugol Chromoendoscopy
4.3.3 Equipment-Based IEE
4.3.4 Endoscopic Ultrasound
4.3.5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
4.4 Endoscopic Diagnosis of Advanced Esophageal Cancer
4.5 Differential Diagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma
4.6 Histological Confirmation by Biopsy
4.7 Virtual Biopsy
References
5: Stage Classifications: The UICC/AJCC Classifications and the Japanese Classification
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Historical Overview
5.2.1 A History of the UICC and the TNM Classification (Fig.5.1) [1-26]
5.2.2 A History of the AJCC/AJCC and the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (Fig.5.1) [1-26]
5.2.3 A History of the JSED/JES and the Japanese Classification (Fig.5.1) [1-27]
5.3 Anatomical Subsites: Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction
5.3.1 The TNM Classification
5.3.1.1 Definition of Esophagogastric Junction (C16.0) [7, 14]
5.3.2 The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.3.3 The Japanese Classification
5.3.3.1 Definition of the Esophagogastric Junction (EGJ) [25, 26]
5.3.3.2 Definition of the Zone of the Esophagogastric Junction [25, 26]
5.4 T Category-Primary Tumor
5.4.1 The TNM Classification
5.4.2 The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.4.3 The Japanese Classification
5.4.3.1 Histological T Categories [16]
5.5 N Category: Lymph Node Metastasis
5.5.1 TNM Classification
5.5.2 The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.5.3 The Japanese Classification
5.6 M Category: Distant Metastasis
5.6.1 The TNM Classification
5.6.2 The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.6.3 The Japanese Classification
5.7 Stage Groups
5.7.1 The TNM Classification
5.7.2 The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.7.3 The Japanese Classification
5.8 Other Classifications
5.8.1 The TNM Classification/AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
5.8.1.1 G: Histopathological Grading [7, 14]
5.8.1.2 Residual Tumor (R) Classification [7, 14]
5.8.1.3 y Symbol: Post-Therapy Classification [7, 14]
5.8.2 The Japanese Classification
5.8.2.1 Macroscopic Tumor Type [25, 26]
5.8.2.2 Extent of Lymph Node Dissection (D) [25, 26]
5.8.2.3 Curativity (Cur) [25, 26]
5.8.2.4 Revision of the Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis Based on the Number of Pathologically Re
5.9 Discussions
5.9.1 N Category
5.9.2 Anatomical Staging and Prognostic Staging
5.9.3 M1-Lym Category
5.9.4 Collaboration Between the UICC/AJCC and the JES
References
6: Comprehensive Registry in Japan
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History of the Registry of Esophageal Cancer Cases in Japan
6.3 Attempts to Resume the Registration Project
6.3.1 Handling of Personal Information
6.3.2 Hash Function
6.3.3 Certification of the Registration Project
6.3.4 Preparation of Registration Sheets
6.3.5 Trial of the New Registration Project
6.4 Resumption of the Registration Project
6.5 Publication of the Resumed Reports
6.6 Next Year Registration
6.7 Problems Arising During the First 2 Years
6.8 Summary of the Comprehensive Registry of Esophageal Cancer in Japan, 2001-2006
6.9 Future Concepts
6.10 Significance of the Registration Project
References
7: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment in Japan
7.1 Background and History of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus
7.2 Principles and Structure of the Guidelines
7.3 Epidemiology and Current Status of Esophageal Carcinoma in Japan
7.4 Diagnosis of Esophageal Carcinoma
7.5 Endoscopic Treatment
7.6 Surgical Treatment
7.6.1 Surgery for Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma
7.6.2 Surgery for Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma
7.6.3 Surgery for Carcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction (Abdominal Esophageal Carcinoma)
7.6.4 Transhiatal Esophagectomy
7.6.5 Perioperative Management and Clinical Path
7.6.6 Salvage Surgery
7.7 Neoadjuvant Therapy
7.8 Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy
7.8.1 Postoperative Chemotherapy
7.8.2 Postoperative Radiotherapy
7.9 Chemotherapy
7.9.1 Proven Effective Monotherapy Drugs
7.9.2 Combination Therapy
7.10 Radiotherapy
7.11 Chemoradiotherapy
7.11.1 An Optimal Dose of Irradiation and Regimen of Chemotherapy
7.11.2 Adverse Events after Chemoradiotherapy
7.11.3 Follow-up and Salvage Treatments after Chemoradiotherapy
7.12 Diagnosis and Treatment of Barrett’s Esophagus and Barrett’s Carcinoma
7.13 Diagnosis and Treatment of Double Carcinoma (Head and Neck, Stomach)
7.14 Follow-Up Observation After Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma
7.15 Treatment of Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma
7.16 Palliative Care
7.17 Therapeutic Outcomes and Recommended Guidelines in the West
7.18 Future Perspective
References
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