Essential Microbiology for Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 1st edition by Geoffrey Hanlon, Norman Hodges ISBN 1118449320 9781118449325

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ISBN 10: 1118449320
ISBN 13: 9781118449325
Author: Geoffrey Hanlon, Norman Hodges

A study guide on Microbiology for all Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical science students.    www.wiley.com/go/hanlon/essentialmicrobiology  

Essential Microbiology for Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 1st Table of contents:

Part I: Introduction to Energy and Electricity
1. Basic Principles, Definitions, and Unit Measures
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Principles of Energy
1.3 Primary Energy Sources and Energy Carriers
1.4 Energy Units and Energy Measures

2. Introduction to Electricity: Brief History of the Power Industry
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Principles of Electricity
2.3 Brief History of the Commercial Development of Electricity
2.4 Introduction to Power Generation Technologies and Costs

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Part II: The Basic Design of Electricity Systems and Markets
3. Electricity Systems and the Electricity Supply Chain
3.1 Introduction to Electricity Systems
3.1.1 Power Plants
3.1.2 Load
3.1.3 Transmission and Distribution Networks
3.2 The Electricity Supply Chain
3.2.1 Production
3.2.2 Transmission
3.2.3 Distribution
3.2.4 Metering and Retailing
3.2.5 Dispatching
3.3 Representing the ESC

4. The Four Market Designs of the Electricity System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Vertical Integrated Industry
4.3 The Single Buyer Model
4.4 The Wholesale Market
4.5 The Wholesale and Retail Markets Model

5. Energy Products and the Time Dimension of Electricity Markets
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Energy, Ancillary Services, and Generation Capacity
5.3 The Time Structure of Electricity Markets
5.3.1 Energy Markets
5.3.2 Ancillary Services Markets
5.3.3 Capacity Markets
5.4 The Settlement Process

6. Some Principles of Electricity Sector Regulation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Why Regulate the Electricity Sector?
6.3 Pricing Natural Monopolies
6.4 Electricity Tariffs and Bills

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Part III: Simplified Isolated Markets without Network Congestion
7. Load and Power Generation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Time Structure of Load
7.3 The Characteristics of Power Generation Costs

8. The Centralized Solution of Optimal Dispatching
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Cost Minimization Problem with Two Power Plants
8.2.1 Case I
8.2.2 Case II
8.3 The Cost Minimization Problem with n Plants
8.4 The Welfare Maximization Problem with Several Consumers

9. Welfare Maximization with Time-Varying Load
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Two-Hour Case
9.3 The Case of T Hours
9.4 Economic Dispatching
9.5 Welfare Maximization with Capacity Constraint: Optimal Load Shedding

10. The Market Solution to Optimal Dispatching
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Case of a Fixed Rigid Load
10.3 The Wholesale Market Case: Variable Load
10.4 Market Equilibria and Welfare Maximization
10.5 Market Equilibria in Different Hours

11. Balancing Markets
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Positive and Negative Imbalances
11.3 The Welfare Effects of Imbalances
11.4 The Coexistence of Day-Ahead and Real-Time Markets
11.5 The Double Settlement
11.6 A Centralized Imbalance Market

Appendix to Part III: A Market Game of the Wholesale Electricity Market

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Part IV: Competition in Wholesale Electricity Markets
12. Wholesale Market Competition
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification of Models
12.2.1 Optimization Models
12.2.2 Equilibrium Models
12.2.3 Simulation Models
12.3 Three Models of Market Power in Electricity Markets
12.3.1 Cournot Competition
12.3.2 Supply Function Equilibria
12.4 Auctions
12.4.1 Uniform Auctions and Market Power

13. Market Power in Electricity Markets
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Physical Withholding to Exert Market Power
13.3 Economic Withholding and Transmission Constraints
13.4 Detecting and Measuring Market Power
13.4.1 Measures of Concentration
13.4.2 Measures of Market Power
13.4.3 Inferring Market Power by Bids

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Part V: Introducing Transmission Networks: Network Congestion and Electricity Import-Export
14. Electricity Transmission: Basic Principles
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Optimal Dispatching with Transmission Constraints and Nodal Prices
14.2.1 Case 1: A Single Power Plant
14.2.2 Case 2: Asymmetric Plants, Located at Different Nodes
14.3 Transmission Constraints and Line Losses
14.4 Optimal Dispatching and Nodal Pricing with Losses

15. Meshed Networks and Congestion
15.1 Introduction
15.2 From Two-Nodes to Three-Nodes Systems
15.3 Nodal Prices in Three-Nodes Networks
15.4 Transmission Congestion and Loop Flows: Some Examples

16. Transmission Pricing in Practice
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Network Pricing Classification
16.2.1 Postage Stamps
16.2.2 Zonal Prices
16.3 Distributional Issues with Network Pricing
16.4 Transmission Pricing: Some Experiences
16.4.1 Transmission Pricing in the United States
16.4.2 Zonal Pricing in Practice

17. From Nodal Prices to Transmission Capacity Expansion
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Interconnections and Net Export Curves
17.3 Welfare Analysis in the Absence of Interconnection Costs
17.4 Optimal Transmission Investment with Investment Costs
17.5 Transmission Capacity Expansion and Market Failures

18. Transmission Rights and Price Risk Hedging
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Physical and Financial Transmission Rights
18.3 Value Equivalence of PTRs and FTRs
18.4 Transmission Rights and Risk Hedging
18.5 Measuring Transmission Capacity

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Part VI: Economics of Electricity Retail Markets
19. Retail Competition: Supplying Electricity to Final Consumers
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Real-Time Pricing under Competitive Retail Markets
19.3 Retail Competition and (In)efficiency of Real-Time Pricing
19.4 Retail Competition in the Borenstein and Holland (2005) Model: Specific Issues
19.4.1 Second-Best Pricing
19.4.2 Fraction of Consumers on Real-Time Prices
19.4.3 Welfare Gains
19.4.4 Endogenous Consumers’ Switching
19.4.5 Long-Run Effects of Retail Competition
19.4.6 Empirical Evidence on RTP
19.5 RTP versus Two-Part Tariffs
19.6 Real-Time Pricing in Practice

20. Assessing the Benefits of Retail Competition
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Benefits from Retail Competition
20.2.1 Efficiency
20.2.2 Pricing
20.2.3 Differentiation and Equipment Innovation
20.3 Competition with Market Imperfections
20.3.1 Switching Costs
20.3.2 Informational Complexities
20.3.3 Consumer Inertia
20.3.4 Customer Segmentation
20.3.5 Innovative Processes
20.4 Equity Concerns in Competitive Retail Markets

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Part VII: Investing in Power Generation
21. Optimal Investment in Power Generation
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The Optimal Investment Problem with a Single Technology
21.3 The Cost Minimization Problem
21.4 The Competitive Solution to Optimal Investment

22. Energy-Only Markets vs. Markets with Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Generation Adequacy in Practice
22.2.1 The Existence of Markets for Hedging Risks
22.2.2 Market Power
22.2.3 Lack of Coordination and Asymmetric Information
22.3 Electricity-Only Markets and Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms
22.3.1 Insufficient Capacity Due to Price Caps
22.3.2 Insufficient Capacity Due to Extra Costs

23. Analysis of Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Classifications of CRMs
23.3 Typologies of CRMs
23.3.1 Capacity Payments (CP)
23.3.2 Capacity Auctions (CA)
23.3.3 Capacity Obligations (CO)
23.3.4 Strategic Reserves (SR)
23.3.5 Reliability Options (RO)
23.4 Operating Reserve Demand Curve

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Part VIII: Environmental Challenges and the Future of Electricity Markets
24. Global Warming and the Electricity Markets
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Decarbonization of Electricity Production
24.3 RES and Energy Markets after the Paris Agreement
24.4 The Impact of Climate Change on Electricity Demand and Supply
24.5 The Impact of CO2 Prices on Electricity Markets

25. Renewable Energy Sources and Electricity Production
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The Reasons for Choosing Renewables
25.3 The Levelized Cost of Energy
25.4 RES Support Policies
25.4.1 Price-Based Policies
25.4.2 Quantity-Based Policies

26. The Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity System
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Variable Energy Resources: Some Stylized Facts
26.3 Integration Costs
26.4 The Impact of VER on the System Marginal Price

27. Smart Grids
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Defining Smart Grids
27.2.1 Generation
27.2.2 Transmission
27.2.3 Distribution
27.2.4 Supply
27.3 Economic and Environmental Benefits of Smart Grids
27.4 The Deployment of Smart Grids

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References
Index

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