Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues 8th Edition by Barbara MacKinnon, Andrew Fiala – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 8214343457, 9798214343457
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ISBN 10: 8214343457
ISBN 13: 9798214343457
Author: Barbara MacKinnon, Andrew Fiala
Introduce your students to the major perspectives in ethical theory and a broad range of contemporary moral debates using MacKinnon/Fiala’s ETHICS: THEORY AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES, Eighth Edition. Illuminating overviews and a selection of readings from traditional and contemporary sources make even complex philosophical concepts reader-friendly. Comprehensive, clear-sighted introductions to general and specific areas of ethical debate cover influential ethical theories, including religion and global ethics; utilitarianism and deontology; natural law ethics; virtue ethics; and feminist and care ethics. Contemporary moral issues discussed include euthanasia, sexual morality, economic justice, animal ethics, war, violence, and globalization. A broader range of voices and philosophical traditions in this edition includes continental and non-Western philosophers, with new readings from prominent ethicists such as Kwame Anthony Appiah, Angela Y. Davis, Mohandas Gandhi, and Richard Rorty. Increased coverage of contemporary dilemmas highlights issues of widespread interest, such as same-sex marriage, structural racism, factory farming, pacifism, and global distributive justice. These pedagogical resources review key dilemmas and thought experiments commonly presented in introduction to ethics classes and allow you to seamlessly integrate online assignments into your courses.
Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues 8th Table of contents:
Part One. Ethical Theory
1. Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
Why Study Ethics?
What Is Ethics?
Ethical and Other Types of Evaluation
Sociobiology and the Naturalistic Fallacy
Ethical Terms
Ethics and Reasons
Intuitionism, Emotivism, Subjectivism, Objectivism
Ethical Reasoning and Arguments
The Structure of Ethical Reasoning and Argument
Evaluating and Making Good Arguments
Ethical Theory
Types of Ethical Theory
Can Ethics Be Taught?
Reading: Ethical Judgments and Matters of Fact
Reading: Emotivism and Ethics
Review Exercises
2. Religion and Global Ethics
Freedom, Cosmopolitanism, and the European Enlightenment
Religion, Civic Life, and Civil Disobedience
Ethics, Religion, and Divine Command Theory
Pluralism and the Golden Rule
The Problem of Evil and Free Will
Secular Ethics and Toleration
Criticisms of Secularism and Global Ethics
Reading: Euthyphro
Reading: Religion and Truth
Reading: Reimagining a Global Ethic
Review Exercises
3. Ethical Relativism
Descriptive vs. Normative Ethical Relativism
Individual vs. Cultural Relativism
Strong and Weak Relativism
Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism
The Diversity of Moral Views
Tolerance and Open-Mindedness
Moral Uncertainty
Situational Differences
Are These Reasons Convincing?
The Diversity of Moral Views
Tolerance and Open-Mindedness
Moral Uncertainty
Situational Differences
Is Relativism Self-Contradictory?
Moral Realism
Moral Pluralism
Reading: Who’s to Judge?
Reading: Moral Relativism
Review Exercises
4. Egoism, Altruism, and the Social Contract
Psychological Egoism
What Is Psychological Egoism?
Is Psychological Egoism True?
Ethical Egoism
What Is Ethical Egoism?
Is Ethical Egoism a Good Theory?
The Moral Point of View
Why Be Moral?
Reading: The Ring of Gyges
Reading: Self Love
Reading: The Social Contract and Altruism
Review Exercises
5. Utilitarianism and John Stuart Mill
Weighing Consequences
Historical Background
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
The Principle of Utility
Pleasure and Happiness
Calculating the Greatest Amount of Happiness
Pleasure Minus Pain
Quantity vs. Quality of Pleasure
Evaluating Utilitarianism
Application of the Principle
Utilitarianism and Personal Integrity
Ends and Means
The Trolley Problem
Act and Rule Utilitarianism
“Proof” of the Theory
Reading: Utilitarianism
Review Exercises
6. Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant
Deontology and the Ethics of Duty
Immanuel Kant
What Is the Right Motive?
What Is the Right Thing to Do?
The Categorical Imperative
The First Form
The Second Form
Evaluating Kant’s Moral Theory
The Nature of Moral Obligation
The Application of the Categorical Imperative
Duty
Moral Equality and Impartiality
Perfect and Imperfect Duties
Variations on Kant and Deontology
Reading: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Review Exercises
7. Natural Law and Human Rights
Natural Law Theory
Historical Origins
Evaluating Natural Law Theory
Natural Rights
Evaluating Natural Rights Theory
Is There A Human Nature?
Reading: On Natural Law
Reading: Second Treatise of Civil Government
Review Exercises
8. Virtue Ethics
Virtues and Everyday Life
Aristotle
Virtue as a Mean
Nature, Human Nature, and the Human Good
Cross-Cultural and Contemporary Virtue Ethics
Evaluating Virtue Ethics
Reading: The Nicomachean Ethics
Reading: Virtues and Vices
Review Exercises
9. Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care
Gender in Moral Reasoning and the Ethics of Care
Is There a Gender Difference in Morality?
The Source of Feminine Morality
Evaluating Gender-Specific Approaches to Morality
Feminist Thought
Evaluation of Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care
Reading: Caring
Reading: The Need for More Than Justice
Review Exercises
Part Two. Ethical Issues
10. Euthanasia
Euthanasia for Infants and the Disabled
Criteria for Death
Types of Euthanasia
Active and Passive Euthanasia
Voluntary, Nonvoluntary, and Involuntary Euthanasia
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Pain Medication and Palliative Sedation
Ordinary and Extraordinary Measures
Combining the Types of Euthanasia
Making Moral Judgments About Euthanasia
The Moral Significance of Voluntariness
Active versus Passive Euthanasia
Reading: The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia
Reading: Active and Passive Euthanasia
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
11. Abortion
Stages of Fetal Development
Methods of Abortion
Abortion and the Law
Abortion: The Moral Question
Arguments That Do Not Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus
Utilitarian Reasoning
Some Rights Arguments
Arguments That Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus
Method I
Method II
Reading: A Defense of Abortion
Reading: Why Abortion Is Immoral
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
12. Sexual Morality
Current Issues
Conceptual Problems: What Is and Is Not Sexual
Relevant Factual Matters
Sexual Morality and Ethical Theories
Consequentialist or Utilitarian Considerations
Non-consequentialist or Deontological Considerations
Natural Law Considerations
Gay Marriage
Reading: Law, Morality, and “Sexual Orientation”
Reading: “It’s Not Natural”
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
13. Equality and Discrimination
Discrimination
Racial Discrimination
The Principle of Equality
Justice
Social Benefits and Harms
Proof and Reality of Difference
Relevant Differences
Challenges to the Principle
Current Issues and the Law
Profiling
Hate Crimes
Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment
Consequentialist Considerations
Non-consequentialist Considerations
Reading: Racisms
Reading: Was I Entitled or Should I Apologize? Affirmative Action Going Forward
References
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
14. Economic Justice
Economic Inequality
Poverty, Education, and Health Care
Conceptions of Social Justice
Process Distributive Justice
End-State Distributive Justice
Equal Opportunity
Political and Economic Theories
Libertarianism
Capitalism
Socialism
Modern Liberalism
John Rawls’s Theory of Justice
Communitarianism
Reading: Justice as Fairness
Reading: Distributive Justice
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
15. Punishment and the Death Penalty
The Nature of Legal Punishment
The Deterrence Argument
The Retributivist Argument
Punishment and Responsibility
Prisons
Race
Restoration and Rehabilitation
The Death Penalty
Legal Issues
Exonerations
Racial Bias and Fairness
Costs
Deterrence Considerations
On Retributivist Grounds
Mercy and Restorative Justice
Humane Executions
Reading: Are Prisons Obsolete?
Reading: A Theory of Just Execution
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
16. Environmental Ethics
The Environment and Its Value
Anthropocentrism
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Environmental Justice
Ecocentrism
Deep Ecology
Ecofeminism
Current Issues
Climate Change
Ozone Depletion
Waste Disposal and Pollution
Wilderness Preservation
International Environmental Conventions
Global Justice and the Tragedy of the Commons
Reading: People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution
Reading: Deep Ecology
Reading: Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
17. Animal Ethics
Current Issues
Moral Vegetarianism
Animal Experimentation
Endangered Species
Approaches to Animal Ethics
Sentience, Equal Consideration, and Animal Welfare
Animal Rights
Reading: All Animals Are Equal
Reading: Speciesism and the Idea of Equality
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
18. Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Current Issues
Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement
Stem Cell Research
Cloning
Genetic Engineering and Genetic Screening
Genetically Modified Plants and Animals
Legal and Ethical Issues
Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement
Stem Cell Research
Cloning
Genetic Engineering and Genetic Screening
Genetically Modified Organisms
Reading: Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls
Reading: In Defense of Posthuman Dignity
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
19. Violence and War
Realism
Pacifism
Just War Theory
Jus ad Bellum
Jus in Bello
Current Issues
Terrorism
Targeted Killing and Drones
Weapons of Mass Destruction
War Crimes and Universal Human Rights
Torture
Reading: Pilgrimage to Nonviolence
Reading: The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success)
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
20. Global Justice and Globalization
Moral Arguments About Global Poverty
Self-Interest
Justice
Rights
Practical Considerations
Global Inequality
Levels of International Aid
Causes of Global Poverty
Solutions and Progress
Globalization and Its Critics
Economic Impacts
Cultural Diversity
Reading: The Singer Solution to World Poverty
Reading: Principles of Earth Democracy
Review Exercises
Discussion Cases
Appendix. How to Write an Ethics Paper
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