Exploring Child & Adolescent Development 1st Edition By Laura Berk – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0134893468, 978-0134893464
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ISBN 10: 0134893468
ISBN 13: 978-0134893464
Author: Laura Berk
For courses in Child Development that take a chronological approach
Laura Berk’s most concise child development text!
Exploring Child and Adolescent Development provides students with a clear, efficient survey of the most important concepts and research findings in the field of child development. In just 12 chapters, Berk makes classic, contemporary, and cutting-edge theories and research accessible in a manageable and relevant way, with an especially strong emphasis on real-world applications and an exceptional multicultural and cross-cultural focus. Chronologically organized, the text offers a complete introduction to the field, highlighting the most important concepts and research findings. This combination of rich content with concise presentation offers instructors unparalleled flexibility in designing their courses to meet both curricular and student needs.
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Exploring Child & Adolescent Development 1st Table of contents:
PART I THEORY AND RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1 History, Theory, and Research Strategies
The Field of Child Development
Domains of Development
Periods of Development
Basic Issues
Continuous or Discontinuous Development?
One Course of Development or Many?
Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture?
A Balanced Point of View
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Resilience
Scientific Beginnings
Darwin: Forefather of Scientific Child Study
The Normative Period
The Mental Testing Movement
Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Recent Theoretical Perspectives
Information Processing
Developmental Neuroscience
Ethology and Evolutionary Developmental Psychology
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Ecological Systems Theory
SOCIAL ISSUES Family Chaos Undermines Parents’ and Children’s Well-Being
Development as a Dynamic System
Comparing Theories
Studying Development
Common Research Methods
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Immigrant Youths: Adapting to a New Land
General Research Designs
Designs for Studying Development
Improving Developmental Designs
Ethics in Research on Children
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
PART II FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 2 Genetic and Environmental Foundations
Genetic Foundations
The Genetic Code
The Sex Cells
Sex Determination
Multiple Offspring
Patterns of Gene–Gene Interaction
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Reproductive Choices
Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis
SOCIAL ISSUES The Pros and Cons of Reproductive Technologies
Adoption
Environmental Contexts for Development
The Family
Socioeconomic Status and Family Functioning
Poverty
Affluence
Beyond the Family: Neighborhoods and Schools
The Cultural Context
Understanding the Relationship Between Heredity and Environment
The Question, “How Much?”
The Question, “How?”
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT The Tutsi Genocide and Epigenetic Transmission of Maternal Stress to Childre
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 3 Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby
Prenatal Development
Conception
Germinal Period
Period of the Embryo
Period of the Fetus
Prenatal Environmental Influences
Teratogens
Other Maternal Factors
SOCIAL ISSUES The Nurse–Family Partnership: Reducing Maternal Stress and Enhancing Child Developme
The Importance of Prenatal Health Care
Childbirth
The Stages of Childbirth
The Baby’s Adaptation to Labor and Delivery
Assessing the Newborn’s Physical Condition: The Apgar Scale
Approaches to Childbirth
Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth
Home Delivery
Medical Interventions
Fetal Monitoring
Labor and Delivery Medication
Cesarean Delivery
Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Preterm versus Small-for-Date Infants
Consequences for Caregiving
Interventions for Preterm Infants
The Newborn Baby’s Capacities
Reflexes
SOCIAL ISSUES A Cross-National Perspective on Health Care and Other Policies for Parents and Newborn
States of Arousal
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Sensory Capacities
The Transition to Parenthood
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
PART III INFANCY AND TODDLERHOOD: THE FIRST TWO YEARS
CHAPTER 4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Body Growth
Changes in Body Size and Muscle–Fat Makeup
Changes in Body Proportions
Individual and Group Differences
Brain Development
Development of Neurons
Measures of Brain Functioning
Development of the Cerebral Cortex
Sensitive Periods in Brain Development
Changing States of Arousal
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Cultural Variation in Infant Sleeping Arrangements
Influences on Early Physical Growth
Heredity
Nutrition
Malnutrition
Learning Capacities
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Habituation
Imitation
Motor Development
The Sequence of Motor Development
Motor Skills as Dynamic Systems
Fine-Motor Development: Reaching and Grasping
Perceptual Development
Hearing
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT “Tuning In” to Familiar Speech, Faces, and Music: A Sensitive Period for
Vision
Intermodal Perception
Understanding Perceptual Development
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 5 Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Piaget’s Ideas About Cognitive Change
The Sensorimotor Stage
Follow-Up Research on Infant Cognitive Development
SOCIAL ISSUES Baby Learning from Screen Media: The Video Deficit Effect
Evaluation of the Sensorimotor Stage
Information Processing
A General Model of Information Processing
Attention
Memory
Categorization
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Infantile Amnesia
Evaluation of Information-Processing Findings
The Social Context of Early Cognitive Development
Individual Differences in Early Mental Development
Infant and Toddler Intelligence Tests
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Social Origins of Make-Believe Play
Early Environment and Mental Development
Early Intervention for At-Risk Infants and Toddlers
Language Development
Theories of Language Development
Getting Ready to Talk
First Words
The Two-Word Utterance Phase
Individual and Cultural Differences
Supporting Early Language Development
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 6 Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Erikson’s Theory of Infant and Toddler Personality
Basic Trust versus Mistrust
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Emotional Development
Basic Emotions
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Parental Depression and Child Development
Understanding and Responding to the Emotions of Others
Emergence of Self-Conscious Emotions
Beginnings of Emotional Self-Regulation
Temperament and Development
The Structure of Temperament
Measuring Temperament
Stability of Temperament
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Development of Shyness and Sociability
Genetic and Environmental Influences
Temperament and Child Rearing: The Goodness-of-Fit Model
Development of Attachment
Bowlby’s Ethological Theory
Measuring the Security of Attachment
Stability of Attachment
Cultural Variations
Factors That Affect Attachment Security
Multiple Attachments
SOCIAL ISSUES Does Child Care in Infancy Threaten Attachment Security and Later Adjustment?
Attachment and Later Development
Self-Development
Self-Awareness
Categorizing the Self
Self-Control
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
MILESTONES Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
PART IV EARLY CHILDHOOD: TWO TO SIX YEARS
CHAPTER 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
A Changing Body and Brain
Skeletal Growth
Brain Development
Influences on Physical Growth and Health
Heredity and Hormones
Nutrition
Infectious Disease
Childhood Injuries
Motor Development
Gross-Motor Development
Fine-Motor Development
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Why Are Children from Asian Cultures Advanced in Drawing Skills?
Individual Differences in Motor Skills
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Piaget’s Theory: The Preoperational Stage
Advances in Mental Representation
Make-Believe Play
Symbol–Real-World Relations
Limitations of Preoperational Thought
Follow-Up Research on Preoperational Thought
Evaluation of the Preoperational Stage
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Private Speech
Social Origins of Early Childhood Cognition
Vygotsky’s View of Make-Believe Play
Evaluation of Vygotsky’s Theory
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Children in Village and Tribal Cultures Observe and Participate in Adult Work
Information Processing
Executive Function
Memory
The Young Child’s Theory of Mind
Early Childhood Literacy
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Autism and Theory of Mind
Early Childhood Mathematical Reasoning
Individual Differences in Mental Development
Home Environment and Mental Development
Preschool, Kindergarten, and Child Care
Educational Media
Language Development
Vocabulary
Grammar
Conversation
Supporting Language Learning in Early Childhood
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 8 Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
Erikson’s Theory: Initiative versus Guilt
Self-Understanding
Foundations of Self-Concept
Emergence of Self-Esteem
Emotional Development
Understanding Emotion
Emotional Self-Regulation
Self-Conscious Emotions
Empathy and Sympathy
Peer Relations
Advances in Peer Sociability
First Friendships
Peer Relations and School Readiness
Parental Influences on Early Peer Relations
Foundations of Morality and Aggression
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
Social Learning Theory
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Ethnic Differences in the Consequences of Physical Punishment
The Cognitive-Developmental Perspective
The Other Side of Morality: Development of Aggression
Gender Typing
Gender-Stereotyped Beliefs and Behavior
Biological Influences on Gender Typing
Environmental Influences on Gender Typing
Gender Identity
Reducing Gender Stereotyping in Young Children
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Transgender Children
Child Rearing and Emotional and Social Development
Styles of Child Rearing
What Makes Authoritative Child Rearing Effective?
Cultural Variations
Child Maltreatment
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
MILESTONES Development in Early Childhood
PART V MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: SIX TO ELEVEN YEARS
CHAPTER 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Body Growth
Health Issues
Nutrition
Overweight and Obesity
Illnesses
Motor Development and Play
Gross-Motor Development
Fine-Motor Development
Sex Differences
Games with Rules
Shadows of Our Evolutionary Past
Physical Education
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Piaget’s Theory: The Concrete Operational Stage
Concrete Operational Thought
Limitations of Concrete Operational Thought
Follow-Up Research on Concrete Operational Thought
Information Processing
Executive Function
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Memory Strategies
Knowledge and Memory
Culture and Memory Strategies
The School-Age Child’s Theory of Mind
Cognitive Self-Regulation
Applications of Information Processing to Academic Learning
Individual Differences in Mental Development
Defining and Measuring Intelligence
Other Efforts to Define Intelligence
Explaining Individual and Group Differences in IQ
CULTURAL INFLUENCES The Flynn Effect: Massive Generational Gains in IQ
Language Development
Vocabulary and Grammar
Pragmatics
Learning Two Languages
Learning in School
Educational Philosophies
Teacher–Student Interaction and Grouping Practices
SOCIAL ISSUES Magnet Schools: Equal Access to High-Quality Education
Teaching Children with Special Needs
How Well-Educated Are U.S. Children?
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 10 Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
Erikson’s Theory: Industry versus Inferiority
Self-Understanding
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
Influences on Self-Esteem
Emotional Development
Self-Conscious Emotions
Emotional Understanding
Emotional Self-Regulation
Moral Development
Moral and Social-Conventional Understanding
Understanding Individual Rights
Culture and Moral Understanding
Understanding Diversity and Inequality
Peer Relations
Peer Groups
Friendships
Peer Acceptance
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Bullies and Their Victims
Gender Typing
Gender-Stereotyped Beliefs
Gender Identity and Behavior
Family Influences
Parent–Child Relationships
Siblings
Only Children
Lesbian and Gay Families
Never-Married, Single-Parent Families
Divorce
Blended Families
Maternal Employment and Dual-Earner Families
Some Common Problems of Development
Fears and Anxieties
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Impact of Ethnic and Political Violence on Children
Child Sexual Abuse
Fostering Resilience in Middle Childhood
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
MILESTONES Development in Middle Childhood
PART VI ADOLESCENCE: THE TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD
CHAPTER 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Conceptions of Adolescence
Puberty: The Physical Transition to Adulthood
Hormonal Changes
Body Growth
Motor Development and Physical Activity
Sexual Maturation
Individual Differences in Pubertal Growth
Brain Development
The Psychological Impact of Pubertal Events
Reactions to Pubertal Changes
Pubertal Change, Emotion, and Social Behavior
Pubertal Timing
Health Issues
Nutritional Needs
Eating Disorders
Sexuality
SOCIAL ISSUES Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youths: Coming Out to Oneself and Others
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood
Substance Use and Abuse
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Piaget’s Theory: The Formal Operational Stage
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
Propositional Thought
Follow-Up Research on Formal Operational Thought
An Information-Processing View of Adolescent Cognitive Development
Scientific Reasoning: Coordinating Theory with Evidence
How Scientific Reasoning Develops
Consequences of Adolescent Cognitive Changes
Self-Consciousness and Self-Focusing
Idealism and Criticism
Decision Making
Sex Differences in Mental Abilities
Verbal Abilities
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Sex Differences in Spatial Abilities
Mathematical Abilities
Learning in School
School Transitions
Academic Achievement
Dropping Out
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
CHAPTER 12 Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
Erikson’s Theory: Identity versus Role Confusion
Self-Understanding
Changes in Self-Concept
Changes in Self-Esteem
Paths to Identity
Identity Status and Psychological Well-Being
Influences on Identity Development
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Identity Development Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents
Moral Development
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Are There Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning?
Coordinating Moral, Social-Conventional, and Personal Concerns
Influences on Moral Reasoning
Moral Reasoning and Behavior
Religious Involvement and Moral Development
The Family
Parent–Adolescent Relationships
Family Circumstances
Siblings
Peer Relations
Friendships
Cliques and Crowds
Dating
Problems of Development
Depression
Suicide
Delinquency
BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Two Routes to Adolescent Delinquency
At the Threshold
Summary
Important Terms and Concepts
MILESTONES Development in Adolescence
Glossary
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