Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology 2nd Edition by Wanda Haschex, Matthew Wallig, Colin Rousseaux – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9780080919324 ,0080919324
Full dowload Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology 2nd Edition after payment
Product details:
ISBN 10: 0080919324
ISBN 13: 9780080919324
Author: Wanda Haschex, Matthew Wallig, Colin Rousseaux
Toxicologic pathology integrates toxicology and the disciplines within it (such as biochemistry, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment) to pathology and its related disciplines (such as physiology, microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology).
Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology 2e updates the information presented in the first edition, including five entirely new chapters addressing basic concepts in toxicologic pathology, along with color photomicrographs that show examples of specific toxicant-induced diseases in animals. The current edition also includes comparative information that will prove a valuable resource to practitioners, including diagnostic pathologists and toxicologists.
NOW FEATURING:
• 25% brand new information, fully revised throughout
• New chapters: Veterinary Diagnostic Toxicologic Pathology; Clinical Pathology; Nomenclature: Terminology for Morphologic Alterations; Techniques in Toxicologic Pathology
• New color photomicrographs detailing specific toxicant-induced diseases in animals
• Mechanistic information integrated from both toxicology and pathology discussing basic mechanisms of toxic injury and morphologic expression at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels
Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology 2nd Edition Table of contents:
CHAPTER 1 PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY
The Effect of the Body on the Chemical
Absorption
Passage across Membranes
Distribution
Volume of Distribution
Barriers to Distribution
Biotransformation
Phase I: Metabolism
Phase II: Metabolism
Enzyme Location in Toxicity
Excretion
Urinary Excretion
Biliary Excretion
Pulmonary Excretion
Interaction of Chemical and the Body
Enzyme Induction and Inhibition
Activation, Induction, or Synergism
Inhibition
Dose Dependency and Site of Action
Organ Specificity for Toxicity
Site-Specific Interactions and Toxicity
Receptors and Enzymes
Direct and Cascade Effects
Nonspecific Interations and Toxicity
Electrophiles and Covalent Binding
Free Radicals and Lipid Peroxidation
Further Reading
CHAPTER 2 MANIFESTATIONS OF TOXIC CELL INJURY: CELL INJURY/DEATH AND CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
Section I: Cell Injury, Cell Death and Sequelae
Introduction
Key Cellular Components in Cell Injury
Factors Influencing Injury
Reaction of the Body to Injury
Adaptation
Reversible Cell Injury
Cell Swelling
Fatty Change
Irreversible Injury
Oncotic Necrosis
Apoptotic Necrosis
Sequelae to Irreversible Cell Injury
Concluding Comments
Section II: Chemical Carcinogenesis
Overview
Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Spectrum of Proliferative Lesions
Quantitative Cell Proliferation (Hyperplasia)
Qualitative Cell Proliferation
Preneoplasia
Neoplastic Cell Proliferation
Diagnostic Distinction between Preneoplasia, Benign Neoplasia, and Malignant Neoplasia
Steps in the Neoplastic Process
Initiation
Promotion
Progression
Hypotheses of Mode of Action of Chemical Carcinogens
Overview
Mutational Genetic Hypothesis of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Nonmutational Genetic Hypothesis of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Epigenetic Hypothesis of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Viral Hypothesis of Carcinogenesis
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chemical Carcinogenesis
Genes and Oncogenes
Proto-oncogene Function
Proto-oncogene Activation
Oncogene Activation in Chemical Carcinogenesis
Tumor Suppressor Genes and Carcinogenesis
Cell Cycle and Carcinogenesis
Cyclins and Cdk Proteins
Retinoblastoma Checkpoint
p53 Checkpoint
Tests for Carcinogenic Potential of Chemicals
In Vivo Chronic Rodent Carcinogenesis Studies
Additional In Vivo Tests for Carcinogenicity
In Vitro Short-term Tests
Conclusion
Further Reading
CHAPTER 3 CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Introduction
Hematology
Parameters Generally Included in Study Protocols
Interpretative Hematology
Clinical Chemistry
Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Glucose
Serum Proteins
Indicators of Hepatic Integrity and Function
Indicators of Renal Function
Electrolytes
Calcium and Inorganic Phosphate
Enzymes of Muscle Origin
Microsomal Enzyme Induction
Urinalysis
Interpretation of Clinical Pathology Results
Potential Effects of Factors Unrelated to Test Article Treatment
Comparators: Concurrent Controls, Reference Ranges
Statistical Analyses
Direct Versus Indirect Effects
Pharmacologic Versus Toxic Effects
Biological Importance of Treatment-related Effects
Reporting of Clinical Pathology Findings
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 4 NOMENCLATURE: TERMINOLOGY FOR MORPHOLOGIC ALTERATIONS
Introduction
Basic Terminology
Terminology Issues
Training
Multiple Pathologists
Diagnostic Drift
Lesion Complexity
Standardized Nomenclature
Recording Pathology Data
Suggested Practices
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 5 TECHNIQUES IN TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
Introduction
Factors Influencing Evaluation of Altered Morphology
Factors in Collection and Processing of Tissue
Factors Intrinsic to the Animal
Factors Related to the Environment
Factors Related to Nomenclature
Further Reading
CHAPTER 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Introduction
Structure and Cell Biology
Macroscopic and Microscopic Anatomy
Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Regions (Upper Respiratory Tract)
Tracheobronchial Region and Bronchioles
Pulmonary Region
Physiology and Functional Considerations
Xenobiotic Exposure, Metabolism, and Excretion
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Direct Toxicity
Metabolic Activation
Immune-mediated Toxicity
Toxicity and Responses to Inhaled Particles
Xenobiotic Interactions
Modifying Factors in Toxicity
Response to Injury
Injury, Regeneration, and Repair
Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Responses to Injury
Airway Response to Injury
Pulmonary Parenchymal Response to Injury
Edema
Inflammation
Fibrosis
Emphysema
Neoplasia
Evaluation of Toxicity
Methods for Testing
In Vitro Methods
Lung Cancer Model Systems
Pulmonary Function
Bronchopulmonary Lavage
Biochemical Evaluation
Morphologic Evaluation
Quantitative Techniques
Additional Techniques
Animal Models
Conclusions
Further Reading
CHAPTER 7 SKIN AND ORAL MUCOSA
Section I: Skin
Introduction
Structure and Function of Skin
Microscopic Anatomy
Skin Cell Subpopulations
Physiology and Biochemistry
Comparative Mechanisms of Cutaneous Toxicity
Direct Damage
Immunomediated Cutaneous Toxicity
Phototoxicity and Photoallergy
Response of Skin to Injury
Fundamental Non-neoplastic Lesions
Neoplastic Lesions
Evaluation of Cutaneous Toxicity
Skin Irritation Tests
Carcinogenesis Bioassays
Morphologic Assessment
Other Bioassays
Transgenic Animal Models
In Vitro Testing
Section II: Oral Mucosa
Introduction
Structure and Function of the Oral Mucosa
Microscopic Anatomy
Physiology
Comparative Mechanisms of Mucosal Toxicity
Response of Oral Mucosa to Injury
Fundamental Non-neoplastic Lesions
Carcinogenesis
Evaluation of Oral Toxicity
Further Reading
CHAPTER 8 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Introduction
Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Macroscopic and Microscopic Structure and Function
Enteric Lymphoid System
Enteric Nervous System
Biotransformation
Bacterial Metabolism
Enterohepatic Circulation
Comparative Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Intestinal Barrier Function
Intestinal Malabsorption
Altered Blood Supply
Mucosal Barrier Damage and Cytotoxicity
Hypersensitivity
Neurotransmitter Effects
Perturbation of Microflora
Carcinogenicity
Response of the Gastrointestinal Tract to Injury
Pathophysiological Responses
Inflammatory Response
Mucosal Response
Organ-specific Responses
Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Toxicity
In Vitro Strategies
In Vivo Strategies
Molecular Pathology
Morphologic Methods
Animal Models
Further Reading
CHAPTER 9 THE LIVER
Introduction
Structure and Function
Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
Cell Components
Xenobiotic Metabolism
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Classification of Hepatoxicants
Cellular Mechanisms of Toxicity
Non-neoplastic Responses to Injury
Histologic Types of Hepatic Necrosis
Intracellular Accumulations
Pathology of Transcription and Translation
Cholestasis
Hepatocellular Adaptive Responses
Hepatocellular Proliferation
Bile Ductular Lesions
Nonparenchymal Cell Toxicity
Hepatitis
Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
Hepatic Neoplasia
Hepatocellular Neoplasia
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Endothelial Neoplasms
Küpffer Cell Neoplasms
Evaluation of Toxicity
Morphologic Evaluation
Clinical Chemistry Evaluation
Noninvasive Imaging
In Vitro Approaches
Use of Animals as Models
Summary and Conclusions
Further Reading
CHAPTER 10 PANCREAS
Section I: Exocrine Pancreas
Introduction
Normal Structure of Exocrine Pancreas
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy and Ultrastructure
Physiology of Exocrine Pancreas
Comparative Mechanisms of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity
Response of Exocrine Pancreas to Injury
Cytotoxic Effects on Acinar Cells
Cytotoxic Effects in Ductal and Centroacinar Cells
Carcinogenesis
Evaluation of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity
Methods of Testing
Morphologic Evaluation of Toxicity
Animal Models
Summary and Conclusions
Section II: Endocrine Pancreas
Structure of Endocrine Pancreas
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy and Ultrastructure
Physiology of Endocrine Pancreas
Mechanisms of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity
Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Glucose Intolerance
Response of Endocrine Pancreas to Injury
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Insulitis
Regeneration
Carcinogenesis
Evaluation of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity
In Vivo Testing
In Vitro Testing
Animal Models
Summary and Conclusions
Further Reading
CHAPTER 11 KIDNEY AND LOWER URINARY TRACT
Introduction
Renal Structure and Function
Gross, Microscopic, and Ultrastructural Anatomy
Physiology
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Overview and Classification
Glomerular Injury
Proximal Tubular Injury
Other Sites of Renal Injury
Lower Urinary Tract
Renal Carcinogenesis
Lower Urinary Tract Carcinogenesis
Response to Injury
Introduction
Glomerulus
Proximal Tubule and Interstitium
Renal Papillary Necrosis
Renal Tubular Hyperplasia and Neoplasia
Lower Urinary Tract: Non-neoplastic Lesions
Lower Urinary Tract Epithelial Neoplasms
Evaluation of Toxicity
Diagnostic Evaluation of Renal Disease
Routine Screening for Nephrotoxicity
Special Techniques
Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract
Conclusion
Further Reading
CHAPTER 12 CARDIOVASCULAR AND SKELETAL MUSCLE SYSTEMS
Section I: Heart
Introduction
Structure and Function
Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
Cellular and Extracellular Elements of the Heart: Biology and Clinical Relevance
Physiology and Functional Considerations
Xenobiotic Exposure
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Physiological Mechanisms of Functional Alterations
Biochemical Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicosis
Cardiotoxicoses Due to Direct Cellular Injury
Cardiotoxicoses Due to Indirect Acting Injury
Organellar Localization of Injury
Xenobiotic Interactions
Response to Injury
Developmental Cardiotoxicities
Myocardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
Valves
Evaluation of Cardiotoxicity
Physiologic Evaluation of Toxicity
Morphologic Evaluation of Toxicity
Biochemical Evaluation of Toxicity
Use of Animals as Models
Section II: Vessels
Introduction
Structure and Function
Microscopic Anatomy
Physiology and Functional Considerations
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Vasculotoxic Effects of Xenobiotics
Vascular Toxicity in Specific Organs
Response to Injury
Regeneration and Repair
Vessel Alterations
Evaluation of Vasotoxic Effects
Physiologic Methods for Testing
Morphologic Evaluation
Use of Animals as Models
Section III Skeletal Muscle
Introduction
Structure and Function
Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
Cells of Skeletal Muscle: Biology and Clinical Relevance
Physiologic and Functional Considerations
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Altered Neurogenic Function
Altered Immunologic Function
Localized Damage
Cell Membrane Alterations
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Alterations
Microtubular Alterations
Myofilament Alterations
Lysosomal Alterations
Altered Intracellular Calcium Concentration
Altered Protein Synthesis
Altered Muscle Cell Differentiation
Response to Injury
Injury, Regeneration, and Repair
Skeletal Muscle Alterations
Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Toxicity
Methods for Testing
Morphologic Evaluation
Use of Animals as Models
Further Reading
CHAPTER 13 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction
Structure and Function
Macroscopic Structure
Microscopic Anatomy
Specialized Anatomical Features
Select Functions and Neurotoxicity
Mechanisms of Disease and Classification of Neurotoxic Diseases
Neuronopathies
Axonopathies
Myelinopathies
Toxicants Affecting Vascular Integrity
Developmental Neurotoxicants
Neurocarcinogens
Evaluation of Neurotoxicity
Use of Animals as Models
Tests of Nervous System Function
Morphologic Evaluation
In Vitro Systems
Conclusions
Further Reading
CHAPTER 14 BONES AND JOINTS
Introduction
Skeletal Structure and Composition
Formation and Development
Composition of Bone
Species Differences in Composition and Changes with Age
Bone Physiology and Function
Modeling and Remodeling of Bone
Biomechanics
Mineral Homeostasis
Regulation of Bone Cell Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Bone Toxicity
Joint Toxicity
Response of the Skeleton to Toxic Injury
Bone
Joints
Evaluation of Skeletal Toxicity
Testing for Skeletal Toxicity
Morphologic Evaluation
Biochemical Evaluation
Animal Models of Skeletal Disease
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 15 IMMUNE SYSTEM
Introduction
Function and Structure of the Immune System
Function of the Immune System
Structure of the Immune System
Comparative Mechanisms of Immune Toxicity
Introduction
Examples of Immunotoxic Agents
Response of the Immune System to Toxic Injury
Decreased Cellularity
Increased Cellularity
Neoplasia
Inflammation in Nonlymphoid Tissues
Testing for Immunotoxicity
In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches
Morphologic Techniques
Animal Models
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 16 HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
Introduction
Phylogeny
Ontogeny
Structure and Function
Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
Hematopoiesis
Cellular Kinetics
Comparative Mechanisms of Toxicity
Idiosyncratic Reactions
Direct Damage
Myelotoxicity
Responses of Hematopoietic Tissues to Toxic Injury
Changes in Blood
Changes in Bone Marrow
Hematopoietic Assessment
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 17 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Introduction
Adrenal Cortex
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Evaluation of Toxicity
Adrenal Medulla
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Evaluation of Toxicity
Pituitary Gland
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Evaluation of Toxicity
Thyroid C-cells
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Thyroid Follicular Cells
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Evaluation of Toxicity
Parathyroid Gland
Introduction
Structure and Function
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Response of Parathyroid Chief Cells to Injury
Evaluation of Toxicity
Further Reading
CHAPTER 18 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Introduction
Structure and Cell Biology
Embryological Derivation of the Reproductive Tract
Structure of the Testes
Physiology and Functional Considerations of the Testis
Structure and Function of the Epididymis and Excurrent Ducts
Structure and Function of Accessory Sex Organs
Penis and Ejaculation
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Role of Metabolism
Cell-specific Toxicity in the Testis
Vascular Effects and Indirect Toxicity to the Testis
Epididymal and Sperm Toxicity
Secondary Sex Organs
Hormone Disruption
Toxicity to the Developing Reproductive Tract
Responses to Injury
Disruption of Spermatogenesis
Tubular Dilatation and Tubular Shrinkage
Tubular and Testicular Necrosis
Leydig Cell Response
Disruption of Sperm Maturation
Epididymal Response
Response to Alterations in Hormone Balance
Reversibility
Reproductive Toxicity in Domestic Animals
Evaluation of Toxicity
Detecting Toxicity
Characterization of Reproductive Toxicity
Functional Characterization
Testing for Toxicity of the Developing Reproductive Tract
Conclusions
Further Reading
CHAPTER 19 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Introduction
Structure and Functional Physiology
Structure
Functional Physiology
Mechanisms of Toxicity
General Toxicity
Ovary, Uterus, and Vagina as a Unit
Local Vaginal Toxicity
Carcinogenesis
Response to Injury
General Responses: Ovary, Uterus, and Vagina as a Unit
Local Vaginal Responses
Reproductive Toxicity in Domestic Animals
Neoplasia
Testing for Toxicity
General Toxicity
Local Vaginal Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
CHAPTER 20 DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOLOGY
Introduction
Overview of Fetal Toxicologic Pathology
Basic Principles of Developmental Toxicology
Incidence of Congenital Anomalies
Normal Morphologic Development
Fertilization and Blastocyst Formation
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Histogenesis and Functional Maturation
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Critical Phases of Intrauterine Development
Modifying Factors
Response to Injury
Death
Malformations
Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Perinatal Toxicology
Endocrine Disruption
Congenital Neoplasia
How Dose Relates to Manifestation of Abnormal Development
Selected Malformations
Central Nervous System
Craniofacial Structures
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Gastrointestinal System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Skeletal System
Developmental Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification and Dose-response Analysis
Dose–Response Evaluation
Field Investigation of Anomalies in Domestic Animals
Defining the Individual Incident
Defining the Prevalence
Defining the Maternal Environment
Genetic Analysis
Environmental Analysis: An Epidemiological Approach
Further Reading
Glossary
People also search for Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology 2nd Edition:
what are the basic fundamentals of life
toxicologic pathology for non-pathologists
fundamentals of nursing syllabus
pathology toxicology
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.