Handbook of Nutrition Diet and the Eye 2nd edition by Victor Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0128152454, 9780128152454
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ISBN 10: 0128152454
ISBN 13: 9780128152454
Author: Victor Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, Second Edition, thoroughly addresses common features and etiological factors on how dietary and nutritional factors affect the eye. The ocular system is perhaps one of the least studied organs in diet and nutrition, yet the consequences of vision loss are devastating. There are a range of ocular defects that have either their origin in nutritional deficiencies/excess or have been shown to respond favorably to nutritional components. Featuring a new section on animal model studies where both the ocular problem and dietary remedies can be varied, there are also new chapters on dietary supplements.
- Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscience, neurology and nutrition researchers, illustrating the importance of nutrition and diet in eye health and function
- Provides a common language for readers to discuss how nutritional factors and related diseases and syndromes affect the eye
- Features new chapters on infectious diseases of the eye where nutrition is a factor
- Discusses animal model studies, dietary supplements, natural dietary extracts from around the world, and age-related changes in ocular health
Handbook of Nutrition Diet and the Eye 2nd Table of contents:
Section A: Introductions and Overviews
1: The Eye and Vision: An Overview
Abstract
Introduction
Development of the Eye
The Ocular Adnexa
The Anterior Structures of the Eye
The Posterior Structures of the Eye
Visual Pathway
Summary Points
Section B: Macular Degeneration
2: Overview of Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Genetic Risk Factors
Dietary Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Sunlight
Smoking
Alcohol
Discussion and Conclusions
Summary Points
3: Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Pathogenesis
Classification
Natural History
Retinal Imaging for the Diagnosis and Management of AMD
Management
Future Directions
Summary Points
4: The Role of Lipids and Lipid Metabolism in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Retinal Lipids
Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Conclusion
Summary Points
5: Dietary Hyperlipidemia and Retinal Microaneurysms
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation
Hypercholesterolemia and Retinal Vascular Lesions
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Retinopathy Signs
Glycemia and Diabetic Retinopathy
Blood Pressure and Retinal Vascular Lesions
How to Keep Healthy
Summary Points
6: Antioxidants and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Generation of Oxidatively Modified Macromolecules: The Starting Point in the Pathogenesis of AMD
The Organization of Antioxidant Defense System
Antioxidant Protection of the Macular Region
The Organization of Antioxidant Protection of Retina: The Nonenzymatic Antioxidants
Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense
7: Dietary Patterns and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Single Nutrients Versus Dietary Patterns
The Effects of Different Dietary Patterns and AMD
General Dietary Guidelines for a Healthy Lifestyle and AMD
Conclusion
Summary Points
8: Resveratrol and the Human Retina
Abstract
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
Chemical Structure and Derivatives of Resveratrol
Bioavailability and Safety of Resveratrol
Antioxidative Role of Resveratrol in Eye Diseases
Resveratrol as Anti-VEGF Agent in Eye Diseases
Resveratrol as a Sirtuin Activator
Summary Points
9: Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin D
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
How to Supply Vitamin D
Prospective
Summary Points
Section C: Glaucomas and Cataracts
10: Glaucoma: An Overview
Abstract
Introduction
The Definition and Classification of Glaucoma
Epidemiology
Intraocular Pressure as a Risk Factor
Pathogenesis of Glaucoma
Conclusions
Summary Points
11: Quercetin and Glaucoma
Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative Stress
Oxidative Stress and Transcription
Oxidative Stress and Glaucoma
Oxidative Stress and TM
Quercetin and Glaucoma
Conclusions
Summary Points
12: Glaucoma and Antioxidant Status
Abstract
Introduction
Oxidative Stress
Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Glaucoma
Antioxidants
Enzymatic Antioxidants
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants
Antioxidant Status in Glaucoma
Potential Value of Antioxidants for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Summary Points
13: Role of Natural Products in Glaucoma Management
Abstract
Introduction
Natural Products and Glaucoma
Conclusion
Summary Points
14: Cataracts: An Overview
Abstract
Introduction
Etymology
Epidemiology
Classification, Pathogenesis, and Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Evaluation
Prevention
Treatment
Summary Points
15: Role of Amino Acids on Prevention of Lens Proteins Nonenzymatic Glycation In Vitro, in Senile, and Diabetic Cataract
Abstract
Introduction
History and Overview of the Advanced Glycation End-Products
Glycating Agents
Different Advanced Glycation End-Products
Advanced Glycation End-Products Formation in the Lens
Effects of Advanced Glycation End-Products on Proteins Function
Biological Detoxification of Advanced Glycation End-Products
Prevention/Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End-Products Formation
Inhibitory Effects of Amino Acids on Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Cataract
Summary Points
16: Diabetic Cataract and Role of Antiglycating Phytochemicals
Abstract
Introduction
Inhibitory Potential of Foods
Inhibitory Potential of Single and Polyherbal/Ayurvedic Drugs
Inhibitory Potential of Individual Phytochemicals
Summary Points
Section D: Other Eye Conditions
17: Effects of Coffee and Tea on Ocular Health and Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Coffee, Tea, and Ocular Physiology
Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma
Ocular Circulation and Microstructure
Cornea and the Anterior Segment of the Eye
Summary Points
Conflict of Interest
18: Molecular Pathways, Green Tea Extract, (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Ocular Tissue
Abstract
Introduction
Molecular Pathway of Green Tea and (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate
Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Extract and (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Corneal Epithelium
Antioxidant Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on Human Lens Epithelial Cells
Protective Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells
Effects on Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma
Benefits for Retinal Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury, Ophthalmic Artery, and Optic Nerve
Other Effects
How to Supply Green Tea Extract and Epigallocatechin Gallate
Conclusions
Summary Points
19: Dry Eye Disease and Essential Fatty Acids
Abstract
Introduction
Essential Fatty Acids and Dry Eye Disease
Therapeutic Guidelines
20: Effect of Glucosamine on Intraocular Pressure
Abstract
Introduction
Glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans and the Eye
Clinical Studies on the Effect of Glucosamine on IOP
Conclusions
Summary Points
21: Nutrition and Viral Infections of the Eye
Abstract
Introduction
Basic Nutrition
Micronutrients and Deficiencies
Beta-Carotene Rich Foods
Omega-3 Rich Foods
Vitamin C Rich Foods
Vitamin E Rich Foods
Zinc-Rich Foods
Lutein- and Zeaxanthin-Rich Foods
Riboflavin- and Niacin-Rich Foods
Natural Treatment of Viral Eye Infections
Conclusion
Summary Points
22: Effects of Grape-Enriched Antioxidant Diet on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles Under Oxidative Stress
Abstract
Introduction
Grape Consumption and Retinal Degeneration: Previous Studies
Organelles Involved in Cellular Antioxidant Mechanisms
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A, a Mitochondrial Enzyme Critical for RPE Function
MsrA−/− Mice, a Model for Oxidative Stress
Conclusions
Summary Points
Section E: Obesity and Macronutrients
23: The Impact of Low Omega-3 Fatty Acids Diet on the Development of the Visual System
Abstract
Development of the Visual System
Critical Periods for Brain Development
Omega-3 and Brain Development
Role of Omega-3 on the Development of Visual Connections
Nutritional Restriction of Omega-3 Alters the Duration of Critical Periods of Plasticity
Impact of n-3 Nutritional Restriction on Retinal Development
Summary Points
24: Interlinks Between Vitamin A and Retinopathy
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin A in the Diet
History of Vitamin A and Retinopathy
Vitamin A Absorption, Metabolism, and Transport
The Role of Vitamin A in Vision and Eye Development
Vitamin A Deficiency Retinopathy
Demographics and Causes of Vitamin A Deficiency
Diagnosis and Treatment
The Role of Vitamin A in Other Retinal Disorders
Summary Points
25: Molecular Aspects of Carotenoid Metabolizing Enzymes and Implications for Ophthalmology
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Carotenoid Metabolism—An Overview
Carotenoids in the Colon
Molecular Biology of BCO1 and BCO2
BCO1 Genetics
BCO2 Genetics
Implications of BCO1 and BCO2 for Ophthalmology
BCO2 Might or Might Not Be Enzymatically Active in the Human Retina
BCO2 Knockout Mouse Models
Conclusion
Summary Points
26: Interconnecting the Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Diet, Dietary Patterns, and AMD Risk
The Mediterranean Diet
Measuring Adherence to a MD: The MD Score (MDS)
Epidemiologic Evidence Linking Adherence to a Med Diet and AMD Risk
Conclusion
Summary Points
Section F: Micronutrients
27: Optic Neuropathies Caused by Micronutrients Deficiencies
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
Copper Deficiency
Epidemic Nutritional Optic Neuropathies
Redefinition of Tobacco-Alcohol Amblyopia and Tobacco Optic Neuropathy and Their Link With Nutritional Status
Summary Points
28: Vitamin C and l-Arginine in Retinal Cells and Its Relationship With the Visual System
Abstract
Introduction
Vitamin C
l-Arginine
Ascorbate, l-Arginine, and Nitric Oxide Interplay in the Retina
Summary Points
29: Bariatric (Weight-Loss) Surgery and the Eye
Abstract
Introduction
Restrictive and Malabsorptive Forms of Weight Loss Surgery
Preoperative Nutrition
Nutritional Consequences of Weight Loss Surgery
Sequelae of Weight Loss Surgery for the Eye
Vitamin A
Thiamine
Copper
Nutrients That Have Potential Ocular Effects and Can Be Deficient Post Operatively
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Vitamin B12, Folate, and Homocysteine
Vitamin E
Diabetic Retinopathy Following Weight Loss Surgery
Recommended Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation After Weight Loss Surgery
Summary Points
30: Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Intraocular Pressure, and Glaucoma
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiologic Data
Laboratory Research
Summary Points
Section G: Nutraceuticals
31: Anticataractogenic Potential of Dietary Spices in diabetic condition
Abstract
Introduction
Curcumin—The Bioactive Phytochemical of Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Crocin of Saffron (Crocus sativus)
Fenugreek Seeds
Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa)
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Cumin (Cuminum cymminum) Seeds
Summary Points
32: Fruit and Vegetable Intake and the Macular Pigment Optical Density
Abstract
Introduction
Fruit and Vegetable Intake—An Indicator of Diet Quality and Food Sources of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds
Macular Pigment—A Long-Term Marker of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status
Associations Between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and the MPOD
Dietary Intake Recommendations on Visual Health
Summary Points
33: Gene Expression and the Impact of an Antioxidant Supplement in the Cataractous Lens
Abstract
Introduction
Antioxidants Are Expected to Prevent Cataract Progression
Epidemiological Studies Resulted in Unclear Conclusions Regarding the Role of Nutrition in Cataract Prevention
The Changes in G6PDH Are Possible Indicators for Measuring the Effects of Antioxidant Supplements on Cataract Prevention
The Changes in 18S rRNA Could Also Be Used to Assess the Effects of Antioxidant Nutrients on Cataract Prevention
The Changes in AQP8 and Gpx Could Be the Key to Determining How Oxidative Stress in the Aqueous Humor Affects the Lens
Gene Expression Is a Good Indicator of Antioxidant Enzyme Production
Gene Expression of G6PDH, 18S rRNA, AQP8, and Gpx Changed After Intake of a Lutein-Containing Supplement
Conclusion
Summary Points
34: Statins and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Implications for Dietary Intake
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
General Concepts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Lipids and Retinal Physiology
Lipids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Statins in AMD
Conclusions
35: Citicoline and Eye Health
Abstract
Introduction
Citicoline as a Source of Choline, Cytidine, and Phosphate
Citicoline: A Neuroprotectant and Promoter of Neuroregeneration
Citicoline: A Psychostimulant
Citicoline as a Retinal Neuroprotectant
Benefits of Citicoline for Patients With Glaucoma
Citicoline for Eye Diseases Other Than Glaucoma
Is Citicoline a Superior Choline Source?
Summary Points
36: New Ultra-Structural Aspects of Cornea: Significance of Ascorbate Micronutrient Deficiency
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Summary Points
Index
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Tags: Victor Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson, Nutrition Diet, the Eye