Handbook of polycarbonate science and technology 1st editon by John Bendler ISBN 0824799151 9780824799151

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ISBN 10: 0824799151
ISBN 13: 9780824799151
Author:  John T. Bendler

“Summarizes research and progress in understanding the fundamental molecular properties of polycarbonates by covering history, theory, modeling, and spectroscopy. Offers the first comprehensive survey of polycarbonates in over 30 years.”

Handbook of polycarbonate science and technology 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction and Historical Background

I. Introduction

II. Early Chemistry

A. Aliphatic Polyesters and Polycarbonates

B. Aromatic Polyesters and Polycarbonates

III. Bisphenol A Chemistry and Development

IV. Process History

A. Polymerization

B. Polymer Recovery

V. Product Commercialization and History

References

2 Synthesis of Polycarbonates

I. Historical Evolution

II. Commercial Polycarbonate Production

A. Interfacial Technology

B. Transesterification (Melt or Solventless) Process

C. General Redistribution Method

D. Simple Oligomer or Multistage Method

E. “Crystalline” Oligomer Approach

F. “Cyclic” Oligomer Technology

III. Direct Copolymer Production

A. General Synthetic Preparation: Aryl-aryl Copolymers

B. Enhanced Weathering, Thermal Stability, and Flame Retardancy of Novel Copolymers

IV. Conclusions

References

3 Quantum Molecular Orbital Calculations, Levy-Stable Distributions, and Molecular Relaxation in Polycarbonate

I. Molecular Structure Calculations for Polycarbonate

A. Introduction and Early Studies

B. High-Level MO Calculations and a New Proposed Mechanism for the Gamma Process

II. Kohlrausch Relaxation in Glassy Polycarbonate

A. Background

B. Debye Relaxation

C. Stretched Exponential Relaxation

D. Temperature Dependence

1. The Exponent

2. Concentration

E. Conclusions

References

4 Polycarbonate Dynamics by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

I. Introduction

II. Solution Relaxation Studies

III. Solid State Relaxation Studies

Acknowledgment

References

5 Nonbisphenol A Polycarbonates

I. Aromatic Polyester Carbonates

II. Siloxane-Bisphenol Copolycarbonates

III. High-Tg Polycarbonate

IV. Optical Materials

V. Materials for Gas Transport Applications

VI. High-Melt-Flow Polycarbonates

VII. Flame Resistant Polycarbonate

VIII. Electrophotoresponsive Material Applications

IX. Liquid Crystalline Polycarbonates

X. Weatherability

References

6 Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonates

I. Introduction

II. Modeling

III. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

IV. Stress Relaxation

V. Creep

VI. Stress-Strain

VII. Impact

VIII. Thermal Recovery

IX. Residual Stresses

X. Physical Aging and Annealing

XI. Crazing and Cracking

XII. Fatigue

XIII. Positron Annihilation and Thermally Stimulated Current

XIV. Copolymers and Blends

References

7 Optical Properties of Polycarbonates

I. Introduction

II. Order in Polycarbonates

III. Refractive Index

IV. Reflection and Transmissivity

V. Near-Infrared

VI. Birefringence

VII. Time-Dependent Birefringence

VIII. Infrared Absorption and Dichroism

IX. Scattering

X. Conclusions

References

8 PVT, Specific Heat, and Thermal Transitions

I. Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations

A. Volume-Temperature Studies at Atmospheric Pressure

B. Pressure-Volume-Temperature Studies

II. Specific Heat and Melting Phenomena of Bpa-Pc

III. Thermal Transition Analyses of Polycarbonate Systems

A. Glass Transition Temperatures of Polycarbonates

Β. Glass Transition Temperatures of BPA-PC

C. Thermal Analyses of Copolymers

1. Statistical Copolymers

2. Block Copolymers

IV. Thermal Analyses of Polycarbonate Blends

A. Blends with Small-Molecule Diluents

Β. Binary and Ternary Polymer Blends

V. Thermal Analyses of Liquid Crystal Polycarbonates

References

9 Polycarbonate Melt Rheology

I. Introduction

II. Linear Polycarbonate

III. A Viscosity Model for Linear Polycarbonate Resins

IV. Polydispersity Effects

V. Branched Polycarbonate

VI. Pressure Effects

VII. Optical Properties of Polycarbonate Melt

VIII. Apparatus—Optical Rheometer

IX. Results of Optical Measurements

References

10 Large Deformation Response of Polycarbonate: Time-Temperature and Time-Aging Time Superposition

I. Introduction

A. Time-Temperature Superposition

B. Time-Aging Time Superposition

II. Experimental

III. Analysis

A. Time-Aging Time Analysis

B. Time-Temperature Analysis

C. Vertical Shifts in Time-Aging Time and Time-Temperature Superposition

IV. Results

A. Time-Aging Time Superposition

Vertical Shifts

B. Time-Temperature Superposition

Construction of a Master Curve

C. KWW Analysis of Temperature Data

D. LeGrand-Bendler Analysis of Temperature Data

V. Conclusion

References

11 Annealing of Polycarbonates

I. Introduction

II. Why Anneal?

III. Macroscopic Picture

IV. Molecular Picture

V. Methods of Annealing

VI. Tool Design

VII. Processing Conditions

VIII. Mechanical Properties

IX. Summary

References

12 Degradation of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate by Light and γ-Ray Irradiation

I. Introduction

II. Photodegradation of Bpa-Pc

A. Mechanisms of BPA-PC Photoaging

B. Source of Photoyellowing

C. Role of Wavelength of Light in the Photodegradation of BPA-PC

1. Wavelength Sensitivity of the Photoaging of BPA-PC

2. Quantification of the Spectral Sensitivity of BPA-PC Photoaging

3. Significance of BPA-PC Wavelength Sensitivity on the Selection of UV Screening Agents and Accelerated Test Procedures

4. Significance of BPA-PC Wavelength Sensitivity on the Selection of Accelerated Test Procedures

III. Chemistry of γ-Irradiated Bpa-Pc

A. Product Studies of γ-lrradiated BPA-PC

B. Attempts to Identify Color Bodies from γ-lrradiated BPA-PC

IV. Conclusions

References

13 Polycarbonate Crystallinity

I. Introduction

II. Crystal Structure

III. Manifestations of Crystallinity

A. X-Ray Diffraction

B. Differential Scanning Calorimetry

C. Morphology

IV. Preparation of Crystalline Polycarbonate

A. Thermal Annealing

B. Solvent Treatments

C. Plasticizers

D. Chemical Nucleation

E. Chemical Structure Modification

F. Mechanical Methods

V. Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

14 Commercial Applications of Polycarbonates

I. Transparents

II. Opaque

III. Polymer Blends

15 Part Assembly

I. Introduction

II. Fastening and Bonding

A. Mechanical Fastening

B. Adhesive Bonding

C. Solvent Bonding

III. Thermoplastic Welding

A. Hot-Tool Welding

B. Vibrational Welding

C. Ultrasonic Welding

D. Induction Welding

References

16 Secondary Finishing

I. Introduction

II. Surface Treatments

III. Painting and Printing

IV. Metallization

V. Polyurethane Foam Adhesion

VI. Adhesive Bonding

VII. Abrasion-Resistant Coatings

References

17 Current Applications of Polycarbonates

I. Medical Applications

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