Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia Policies and Publics in the Long Twentieth Century 1st edition by Angela Ki Che Leung ISBN 0822393252 9780822393252

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ISBN 10: 0822393252
ISBN 13: 9780822393252
Author: Angela Ki Che Leung

This collection expands the history of colonial medicine and public health by exploring efforts to overcome disease and improve human health in Chinese regions of East Asia from the late nineteenth century to the present. The contributors consider the science and politics of public health policymaking and implementation in Taiwan, Manchuria, Hong Kong, and the Yangzi River delta, focusing mostly on towns and villages rather than cities. Whether discussing the resistance of lay midwives in colonial Taiwan to the Japanese campaign to replace them with experts in “scientific motherhood” or the reaction of British colonists in Shanghai to Chinese diet and health regimes, they illuminate the effects of foreign interventions and influences on particular situations and localities. They discuss responses to epidemics from the plague in early-twentieth-century Manchuria to SARS in southern China, Singapore, and Taiwan, but they also emphasize that public health is not just about epidemic crises. As essays on marsh drainage in Taiwan, the enforcement of sanitary ordinances in Shanghai, and vaccination drives in Manchuria show, throughout the twentieth century public health bureaucracies have primarily been engaged in the mundane activities of education, prevention, and monitoring. Contributors. Warwick Anderson, Charlotte Furth, Marta E. Hanson, Sean Hsiang-lin Lei, Angela Ki Che Leung, Shang-Jen Li, Yushang Li, Yi-Ping Lin, Shiyung Liu, Ruth Rogaski, Yen-Fen Tseng, Chia-ling Wu, Xinzhong Yu

Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia Policies and Publics in the Long Twentieth Century 1st Table of contents:

Introduction: Hygienic Modernity in Chinese East Asia

Tradition and Transition

Colonial Health and Hygiene

Campaigns for Epidemic Control

Part I: Tradition and Transition

The Evolution of the Idea of Chuanran Contagion in Imperial China

Contagion versus Chuanran

Early Connotations of Ran

Modes of Disease Transmission from the Seventh to the Twelfth Centuries

Transmission by Contamination and Switching (Answering Question 1015)

The Emergence of the Term Chuanran

The Ming-Qing Period (Fourteenth to Nineteenth Centuries)

Conclusion

The Treatment of Night Soil and Waste in Modern China

The Treatment of Night Soil and Waste in Premodern China

British Shanghai: Tradition and Novelty in Night Soil Policies

Sanitary Issues and Politics at the End of Imperial Rule

Conclusion

Sovereignty and the Microscope: Constituting Notifiable Infectious Disease and Containing the Manchurian Plague (1910–11)

In the Beginning, We Did Not Believe That This Plague Could Infect

Sovereignty and the Microscope

“The Most Brutal Policies Seen in Four Thousand Years”

Challenges from Chinese Medicine: Hong Kong versus Manchuña

Chuanran: Extending a Network of Infected Individuals

Constituting Notifiable Infectious Disease

Conclusion

Part II: Colonial Health and Hygiene

Eating Well in China: Diet and Hygiene in Nineteenth-Century Treaty Ports

Chinese Climates, European Diet

Diet and Chinese Racial Character

Dietary Habits and Diseases of Civilization

Health Benefits of the Chinese Diet

Conclusion

Vampires in Plagueland: The Multiple Meanings of Weisheng in Manchuria

Manchuria as Plagueland

Managing Plagueland: Japanese Epidemic Control in Manchuria

Interpreting Stories of Vampires Where Vampires Were Real

Managing Plagueland across the Colonial Divide: Antiplague Measures before 1931

Medical Ecology: Probing the Link between Animal and Man

The Ubiquitous Needle

Speaking with Vampires in Manchuria

Have Someone Cut the Umbilical Cord: Women’s Birthing Networks, Knowledge, and Skills in Colonial Taiwan

Women’s Memories of Their Lay Birth Attendants

Birthing Women Meet Modern Midwives

Conclusion

Part III: Campaigns for Epidemic Control

A Forgotten War: Malaria Eradication in Taiwan, 1905–65

Parasites, Mosquitoes, and Human Beings

Japanese Efforts to Control Malaria

The Resurgence of Malaria after the Second World War

DDT: A New Chemical Weapon

Final Victory

Conclusion

The Elimination of Schistosomiasis in Jiaxing and Haining Counties, 1948–58: Public Health as Political Movement

Schistosomiasis as an Environmental Disease

1948–55: A Difficult Beginning

1956–58: A Health Issue or a Political Issue?

The Masses and the Weight of Tradition

Conclusion

Conceptual Blind Spots, Media Blindfolds: The Case of SARS and Traditional Chinese Medicine

SARS in the Western Media

Blind Spots and Blindfolds

SARS, TCM, and the WHO

SARS and Wenbing

Comparing Biomedicine and Chinese Medicine

Treating SARS

SARS Climates and Constitutions

Scientific (Lost in) Translation

Illusory Divisions

Governing Germs from Outside and Within Borders: Controlling the 2003 SARS Risk in Taiwan

Guarding Borders against Germs

Global Governance

Governance at Home

Conclusions

Afterword: Biomedicine in Chinese East Asia: From Semicolonial to Postcolonial?

Timeline

Glossary

Bibliography

Contributors

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Tags: Angela Ki Che Leung, Chinese East, Long Twentieth