Instruction Manual for Essentials of Human Development A Life Span View 2nd Edition by Robert Kail, John Cavanaugh ISBN 1305504585 978-1305504585

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ISBN 10: 1305504585
ISBN 13: 978-1305504585
Author: Robert Kail, John Cavanaugh 

This streamlined, readable account of human development gives you the conceptual foundations that enable you to become an educated and critical interpreter of developmental information. ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A LIFE-SPAN VIEW, 2nd Edition offers an introduction to relevant research and its application to important issues in life-span development. In addition, the text emphasizes the application of human development research across diverse professional settings. If you’re pursuing a career related to psychology, education, health, or human sciences — be it as a nurse, physician, educator, psychologist, social worker, or another similar profession — this text will show you how human development research can allow you to work more effectively with future patients, students, or clients. Succinct and filled with real-life examples that aid your understanding, it will capture your interest while introducing you to the essential issues, forces, and outcomes that make us who we are.

Essentials of Human Development A Life Span View 2nd Table of contents:

1. The Study of Human Development

1.1. Thinking About Development

Recurring Issues in Human Development

Basic Forces in Human Development: The Biopsychosocial Framework

Neuroscience: A Window Into Human Development

1.2. Developmental Theories

Psychodynamic Theory

Learning Theory

Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Ecological and Systems Perspective

Lifelong Development Perspective

The Big Picture

1.3. Doing Developmental Research

Measurement in Human Development Research

General Designs for Research

Designs for Studying Development

Conducting Research Ethically

Communicating Research Results

Applying Research Results: Social Policy

Problems with Using Photographs to Measure Understanding of Emotions

Summary

Key Terms

Part 1. Prenatal Development, Infancy, and Early Childhood

2. Biological Foundations

2.1. In the Beginning: 23 Pairs of Chromosomes

Mechanisms of Heredity

Heredity, Environment, and Development

2.2. From Conception to Birth

Period of the Zygote (Weeks 1 and 2)

Period of the Embryo (Weeks 3–8)

Period of the Fetus (Weeks 9–38)

2.3. Influences on Prenatal Development

General Risk Factors

Teratogens: Drugs, Diseases, and Environmental Hazards

How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development

Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment

2.4. Labor and Delivery

Stages of Labor and Delivery

Approaches to Childbirth

Adjusting to Parenthood

Birth Complications

Infant Mortality

Summary

Key Terms

3. Tools for Exploring the World

3.1. The Newborn

The Newborn’s Reflexes

Assessing the Newborn

The Newborn’s States

Temperament

3.2. Physical Development

Growth of the Body

The Emerging Nervous System

3.3. Moving and Grasping: Early Motor Skills

Locomotion

Fine Motor Skills

3.4. Coming to Know the World: Perception

Smelling, Tasting, Touching, and Hearing

Seeing

Integrating Sensory Information

3.5. Becoming Self-Aware

Origins of Self-Concept

Theory of Mind

Summary

Key Terms

4. The Emergence of Thought and Language

4.1. The Onset of Thinking: Piaget’s Account

Basic Principles of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Thinking

Preoperational Thinking

Evaluating Piaget’s Theory

Extending Piaget’s Account: Children’s Naive Theories

4.2. Information Processing During Infancy and Early Childhood

General Principles of Information Processing

Attention

Learning

Memory

Learning Number Skills

4.3. Mind and Culture: Vygotsky’s Theory

The Zone of Proximal Development

Scaffolding

Private Speech

4.4. Language

The Road to Speech

First Words and Many More

Speaking in Sentences: Grammatical Development

Communicating with Others

Summary

Key Terms

5. Entering The Social World

5.1. Beginnings: Trust and Attachment

Erikson’s Stages of Early Psychosocial Development

The Growth of Attachment

What Determines Quality of Attachment?

5.2. Emerging Emotions

Experiencing and Expressing Emotions

Recognizing and Using Others’ Emotions

Regulating Emotions

5.3. Interacting with Others

The Joys of Play

Helping Others

5.4. Gender Roles and Gender Identity

Images of Men and Women: Facts and Fantasy

Gender Typing

Gender Identity

Evolving Gender Roles

Summary

Key Terms

Part 2. School-Age Children and Adolescents

6. Off To School

6.1. Cognitive Development

More Sophisticated Thinking: Piaget’s Version

Information-Processing Strategies for Learning and Remembering

6.2. Aptitudes for School

Theories of Intelligence

The Development of Intelligence Testing

Do Tests Work?

Hereditary and Environmental Factors

The Impact of Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

6.3. Special Children, Special Needs

Gifted Children

Children with Disability

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

6.4. Academic Skills

Reading

Writing

Math Skills

Effective Schools, Effective Teachers

6.5. Physical Development

Growth

Development of Motor Skills

Physical Fitness

Participating in Sports

Summary

Key Terms

7. Expanding Social Horizons

7.1. Family Relationships

Dimensions and Styles of Parenting

Siblings

Divorce and Remarriage

Parent–Child Relationships Gone Awry: Child Maltreatment

7.2. Peers

Friendships

Groups

Popularity and Rejection

Aggressive Children and Their Victims

7.3. Electronic Media

Television

Computers

7.4. Understanding Others

Describing Others

Understanding What Others Think

Prejudice

Summary

Key Terms

8. Rites of Passage

8.1. Pubertal Changes

Signs of Physical Maturation

Mechanisms of Maturation

Psychological Impact of Puberty

8.2. Health

Nutrition

Physical Fitness

Threats to Adolescent Well-Being

8.3. Information Processing During Adolescence

Working Memory and Processing Speed

Content Knowledge, Strategies, and Metacognitive Skill

Problem Solving and Reasoning

8.4. Reasoning About Moral Issues

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

Beyond Kohlberg’s Theory

Summary

Key Terms

9. Moving Into the Adult Social World

9.1. Identity and Self-Esteem

The Search for Identity

Ethnic Identity

Self-Esteem in Adolescence

9.2. Romantic Relationships and Sexuality

Romantic Relationships

Sexual Behavior

Sexual Orientation

Dating Violence

9.3. The World of Work

Career Development

Part-Time Employment

9.4. The Dark Side

Drug Use

Depression

Delinquency

Summary

Key Terms

Part 3. Young and Middle Adulthood

10. Becoming an Adult

10.1. Emerging Adulthood

Role Transitions Marking Adulthood

Going to College

Behavioral Changes

Launching Financial Independence

10.2. Physical Development and Health

Growth, Strength, and Physical Functioning

Health Status

Lifestyle Factors

Social, Gender, and Ethnic Issues in Health

10.3. Cognitive Development

How Should We View Intelligence in Adults?

Primary and Secondary Mental Abilities

Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence

Neuroscience Research and Intelligence in Young and Middle Adulthood

Going Beyond Formal Operations: Thinking in Adulthood

Integrating Emotion and Logic in Life Problems

10.4. Who Do You Want to Be? Personality in Young Adulthood

Creating Scenarios and Life Stories

Possible Selves

Personal Control Beliefs

Summary

Key Terms

11. Being With Others

11.1. Relationships

Friendships

Love Relationships

Violence in Relationships

11.2. Lifestyles

Singlehood

Cohabitation

Gay and Lesbian Couples

Marriage

11.3. The Family Life Cycle

Deciding Whether to Have Children

The Parental Role

11.4. Divorce and Remarriage

Divorce

Remarriage

Summary

Key Terms

12. Work

12.1. Occupational Selection and Development

The Meaning of Work

Occupational Choice and Career Development

Occupational Expectations

Job Satisfaction

12.2. Gender, Ethnicity, and Discrimination Issues

Gender and Ethnic Differences in Occupational Selection and Development

Bias and Discrimination

12.3. Occupational Transitions

Retraining Workers

Occupational Insecurity

Coping with Unemployment

12.4. Work and Family

The Dependent Care Dilemma

Juggling Multiple Roles

Summary

Key Terms

13. Making It in Midlife

13.1. Physical Changes and Health

Changes in Appearance

Changes in Bones and Joints

Reproductive Changes

Stress and Health

Exercise

13.2. Cognitive Development

Practical Intelligence

Becoming an Expert

Lifelong Learning

13.3. Personality

The Five-Factor Trait Model

Changing Priorities in Midlife

13.4. Family Dynamics and Middle Age

Letting Go: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Children

Giving Back: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Aging Parents

Grandparenthood

Summary

Key Terms

Part 4. Late Adulthood

14. The Personal Context of Later Life

14.1. What Are Older Adults Like?

The Demographics of Aging

Longevity

14.2. Physical Changes and Health

Biological Theories of Aging

Physiological Changes

Chronic Disease and Health Issues

14.3. Cognitive Processes

Information Processing

Memory

Creativity and Wisdom

14.4. Mental Health and Intervention

Depression

Dementia

Summary

Key Terms

15. Social Aspects of Later Life

15.1. Theories of Psychosocial Aging

Social Involvement and Successful Aging

Competence and Environmental Press

15.2. Personality, Social Cognition, and Spirituality

Integrity Versus Despair

Well-Being and Emotion

Spirituality in Later Life

15.3. I Used to Work at …: Living in Retirement

What Does Being Retired Mean?

Why Do People Retire?

Adjustment to Retirement

Employment and Volunteering

15.4. Friends and Family in Late Life

Friends, Siblings, and Socioemotional Selectivity

Marriage and Same-Sex Partnerships

Caring for a Partner

Widowhood

15.5. Social Issues and Aging

Frail Older Adults

Housing Options

Elder Abuse and Neglect

Social Security and Medicare

Summary

Key Terms

16. The Final Passage

16.1. Definitions and Ethical Issues

Sociocultural Definitions of Death

Legal and Medical Definitions

Ethical Issues

16.2. Thinking About Death: Personal Aspects

A Life-Course Approach to Dying

Dealing with One’s Own Death

Death Anxiety

16.3. End-of-Life Issues

Creating a Final Scenario

The Hospice Option

Making Your End-of-Life Intentions Known

16.4. Surviving the Loss: The Grieving Process

The Grief Process

Typical Grief Reactions

Coping with Grief

Complicated or Prolonged Grief Disorder

16.5. Dying and Bereavement Experiences Across the Life Span

Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood

Late Adulthood

Conclusion

Summary

Key Terms

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Tags: Robert Kail, John Cavanaugh, Human Development, Span View