Instruction Manual for The Concise St Martins Guide to Writing 8th Edition by Rise B Axelrod, Charles R Cooper ISBN 131905854X 978-1319058548

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ISBN 10: 131905854X

ISBN 13: 978-1319058548

Author: Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper

Get a guided tour through the writing process as the Concise St. Martin’s Guide to Writing teaches you the skills you need to meet your own writing goals.

Table of contents: 

1. Composing Literacy

Understanding the Rhetorical Situation

Reflecting on Your Own Literacy

Composing Your Own Literacy Narrative

PART ONE: WRITING ACTIVITIES

2. Remembering an Event

Practicing the Genre: Telling a Story

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Remembered Event Essays

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

Jean Brandt, Calling Home

Annie Dillard, From An American Childhood

Jenée Desmond-Harris, Tupac and My Non-thug Life

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Remembering an Event

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose an event to write about.

Test Your Topic: Considering Your Purpose and Audience

Shape your story.

Ways In: Developing a Dramatic Arc

Test Your Story: Facing an Audience

Clarify the sequence of actions.

Describe key people and places vividly, and show their significance.

Use dialogue to portray people and dramatize relationships.

Clarify your story’s significance.

Ways In: Helping Readers Understand the Significance of My Story

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your story.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

3. Writing Profiles

Practicing the Genre: Conducting an Interview

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Profiles

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

Brian Cable, The Last Stop

Amanda Coyne, The Long Good-Bye: Mother’s Day in Federal Prison

Gabriel Thompson, A Gringo in the Lettuce Fields

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Writing a Profile

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a subject to profile.

Test Your Choice: Considering Your Purpose and Audience

Conduct your field research.

Ways In: Managing Your Time

Ways In: Preparing for Interviews and Observations

Ways In: Conducting Interviews and Observations

Ways In: Presenting Information from Interviews and Observations

Use quotations that provide information and reveal character.

Consider adding visual or audio elements.

Create an outline that will organize your profile effectively for your readers.

Determine your role in the profile.

Ways In: Determining Your Role

Develop your perspective on the subject.

Ways In: Developing Your Perspective

Clarify the dominant impression.

Ways In: Fine-Tuning Your Dominant Impression

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your profile.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

4. Explaining a Concept

Practicing the Genre: Explaining an Academic Concept

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Concept Explanations

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

*Jonathan Potthast, Supervolcanoes: A Catastrophe of Ice and Fire

Anastasia Toufexis, Love: The Right Chemistry

*John Tierney, Do You Suffer from Decision Fatigue?

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Explaining a Concept

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a concept to write about.Test Your Choice: Considering Your Purpose and Audience

Conduct initial research on the concept.

Ways In: Determining What You Already Know about the Concept

Focus your explanation of the concept.

Ways In: Making the Concept Interesting to You and Your Readers

Test Your Choice: Evaluating Your Focus

Conduct further research on your focused concept.

Draft your working thesis.

Create an outline that will organize your concept explanation effectively for your readers.

Design your writing project.

Consider the explanatory strategies you should use.

Ways In: Choosing Writing Strategies to Explain the Focused Concept

Use summaries, paraphrases, and quotations from sources to support your points.

Ways In: Choosing When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote

Use visuals or multimedia illustrations.

Use appositives to integrate sources.

Use descriptive verbs in signal phrases to introduce information from sources.

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your explanation.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

5. Analyzing and Synthesizing Opposing Arguments

Practicing a Genre: Analyzing Opposing Arguments

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Four Genres

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

*Maya Gomez, Summary: “A Moral Market”

*Maya Gomez, Annotated Bibliography: Compensating Kidney Donors

*Maya Gomez, Report: Possible Solutions to the Kidney Shortage

*Maya Gomez, Analysis: Satel vs. the National Kidney Foundation: Should Kidney Donors Be Compensated?

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Composing a Summary, Annotated Bibliography, Report, or Analysis

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a controversial topic to write about.

Test Your Choice: Choosing a Topic

Conduct research to find sources.

Summarize sources and annotate your working bibliography.

Ways In: Writing a Summary

Ways In: Drafting a Commentary for an Annotated Bibliography

Analyze your audience.

Ways In: Making Your Report or Analysis Interesting to Your Readers

Brainstorm subtopics for a report.

Choose opposing argument essays to analyze.

Synthesize sources for a report or analysis.

Analyze and compare the opposing argument essays.

Ways In: Analyzing and Comparing the Opposing Arguments

Test Your Choice: Evaluating Your Analysis

Draft a working thesis for your report or analysis.

Create an outline to organize your report or analysis effectively for your readers.

Develop your report or analysis.

Ways In: Presenting Your Analysis of the Opposing Arguments

Ways In: Choosing Appropriate Explanatory Strategies

Use visuals or multimedia illustrations to enhance your explanation.

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your report or analysis.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

6. Arguing a Position

Practicing the Genre: Debating a Position

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Position Arguments

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

Jessica Statsky, Children Need to Play, Not Compete

Amitai Etzioni, Working at McDonald’s

Daniel J. Solove, Why Privacy Matters Even If You Have “Nothing to Hide” 　

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Arguing a Position

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a controversial issue on which to take a position.

Test Your Choice: Choosing an Issue

Frame the issue for your readers.

Ways In: Exploring and Framing the Issue and Determining What Your Readers Think

Test Your Choice: Framing Your Issue

Formulate a working thesis stating your position.

Ways In: Devising an Arguable Thesis

Develop the reasons supporting your position.

Ways In: Coming Up with Reasons That Support Your Position

Research your position.

Use sources to reinforce your credibility.

Identify and respond to your readers’ likely reasons and objections.

Ways In: Identifying and Responding to Readers’ Concerns

Create an outline that will organize your argument effectively for your readers.

Consider document design.

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your position argument.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

7. Proposing a Solution

Practicing the Genre: Arguing That a Solution Is Feasible

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Proposals

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Readings

Patrick O’Malley, More Testing, More Learning

*Eric Posner, A Moral Market

Kelly D. Brownell and Thomas R. Frieden, Ounces of Prevention – The Public Policy Case for Taxes on Sugared Beverages 　

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Proposing a Solution

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a problem for which you can propose a solution.

Frame the problem for your readers.

Ways In: Identifying the Problem and Figuring Out Why Readers Should Care

Test Your Choice: Defining the Problem

Assess how the problem has been framed, and reframe it for your readers.

Ways In: Framing and Reframing the Problem

Develop a possible solution.

Ways In: Solving the Problem

Explain your solution.

Ways In: Explaining the Solution and Showing Its Feasibility

Research your proposal.

Develop a response to objections or alternative solutions.

Ways In: Drafting a Refutation or Concession

Create an outline that will organize your proposal effectively for your readers.

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your proposal.

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

8. Justifying an Evaluation

Practicing the Genre: Choosing Appropriate Criteria

GUIDE TO READING

Analyzing Evaluations

Determine the writer’s purpose and audience.

Assess the genre’s basic features.

Readings

William Akana, Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: A Hell of a Ride

*Emily Nussbaum, The Aristocrats: The Graphic Arts of Game of Thrones 　

Malcolm Gladwell, What College Rankings Really Tell Us 　

GUIDE TO WRITING

The Writing Assignment

Starting Points: Justifying an Evaluation

Writing a Draft: Invention, Research, Planning, and Composing

Choose a subject to evaluate.

Test Your Choice: Choosing a Subject

Assess your subject, and consider how to present it to your readers.

Ways In: Determining What You and Your Readers Think

Formulate a working thesis stating your overall judgment.

Ways In: Asserting a Tentative Overall Judgment

Develop the reasons and evidence supporting your judgment.

Ways In: Devising Reasons and Evidence to Support Your Judgment

Research your evaluation.

Respond to a likely objection or alternative judgment.

Ways In: Responding Effectively to Your Readers 　

Organize your draft to appeal to your readers.

Consider document design.

Write the opening sentences.

Draft your evaluation. 　

Evaluating the Draft: Using Peer Review

A Peer Review Guide

Improving the Draft: Revising, Editing, and Proofreading

Revise your draft.

A Troubleshooting Guide

Edit and proofread your draft.

REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

PART TWO: CRITICAL THINKING AND WRITING STRATEGIES

9. A Catalog of Invention and Inquiry Strategies

Mapping

Create a cluster diagram to reveal relationships among ideas.

Make a list to generate a plan quickly.

Create an outline to invent and organize.

Writing

Use cubing to explore a topic from six perspectives.

Construct a dialogue to explore an experience or alternative view.

Use dramatizing to analyze behavior.

Freewrite to generate ideas freely and creatively.

Take notes in a journal.

Use looping to explore aspects of a topic.

Ask questions to explore a subject systematically.

10. A Catalog of Reading Strategies

Annotating

Martin Luther King Jr., An Annotated Sample from “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Taking Inventory

Outlining

Paraphrasing

Summarizing

Synthesizing

Contextualizing

Exploring the Significance of Figurative Language

Looking for Patterns of Opposition

Reflecting on Challenges to Your Beliefs and Values

Evaluating the Logic of an Argument

Test for appropriateness.

Test for believability.

Test for consistency and completeness.

Recognizing Emotional Manipulation

Judging the Writer’s Credibility

Test for knowledge.

Test for common ground.

Test for fairness. 　

11. Cueing the Reader

Orienting Statements

Use thesis statements to announce the main idea.

Use forecasting statements to preview topics.

Paragraphing

Paragraph indents signal related ideas.

Topic sentences announce the paragraph’s focus.

Cohesive Devices

Pronouns connect phrases or sentences.

Word repetition aids cohesion.

Synonyms connect ideas.

Repetition of sentence structure emphasizes connections.

Collocation creates networks of meaning.

Transitions

Transitions can emphasize logical relationships.

Transitions can indicate a sequence in time.

Transitions can indicate relationships in space.

Headings and Subheadings

Headings indicate sections and levels.

Headings are not common in all genres.

At least two headings are needed at each level.

12. Arguing

Asserting a Thesis

Make arguable assertions.

Use clear and precise wording.

Qualify the thesis appropriately.

Giving Reasons and Support

Use representative examples for support.

Use up-to-date, relevant, and accurate statistics.

Cite reputable authorities on relevant topics.

Use vivid, relevant anecdotes.

Use relevant textual evidence.

Responding to Objections and Alternatives

Acknowledge readers’ concerns.

Concede readers’ concerns.

Refute readers’ objections.

Logical Fallacies

Sentence Strategies for Argument

13. Analyzing and Composing Multimodal Texts

Understanding Multimodality

Analyzing Multimodal Texts

CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING MULTIMODAL TEXTS

Composing Multimodal Texts

Reimagine your writing in a new genre or medium.

Design a multimodal text.

Embed visuals and media in texts.

CRITERIA FOR ANALYZING DOCUMENT DESIGN

Creating a Multimodal Presentation

Assess your rhetorical situation.

Determine how much information you can present in the allotted time.

Use cues to orient audience members.

Design your presentation effectively.

PART THREE: RESEARCH STRATEGIES

14. Planning a Research Project and Selecting Sources

Analyzing Your Rhetorical Situation and Setting a Schedule

Choosing a Topic and Getting an Overview

Focusing Your Topic and Drafting Research Questions

Developing a List of Keywords

Creating a Working Bibliography

Annotating Your Working Bibliography

Taking Notes on Your Sources

Finding Sources

Search Library Catalogs and Databases.

Find books (and other sources).

Find articles in periodicals.

Find government documents and statistical information.

Find Web sites and interactive sources.

Conducting Field Research

Conduct observational studies.

Conduct interviews.

Conduct surveys.

15. Evaluating and Using Sources

Choosing Sources

Who wrote it?

How recently was it published?

Is the source scholarly or popular?

Who published it?

How is the source written?

What does the source say?

Acknowledging Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism

What does and does not need to be acknowledged?

Avoid plagiarism by acknowledging sources and quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing carefully.

Using Sources to Support Your Ideas

Synthesize information and ideas from sources with your own ideas.

Use information from sources to support your claims

Decide whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize.

Copy quotations exactly, or use italics, ellipses, and brackets to indicate changes.

Use in-text of block quotations.

Use punctuation to integrate quotations into your writing.

Paraphrase sources carefully.

Write summaries that present the source’s main ideas in a balanced and readable way.

16. Citing and Documenting Sources in MLA Style

Citing Sources in the Text

DIRECTORY TO IN-TEXT-CITATION MODELS

Creating a List of Works Cited

To cite a source without a model, use a similar model, or devise your own using the general principles.

Format your list of works cited.

DIRECTORY TO WORKS-CITED-LIST MODELS

Student Research Project in MLA Style

17. Citing and Documenting Sources in APA Style

Citing Sources in the Text

DIRECTORY TO IN-TEXT-CITATION MODELS

Creating a List of References

To cite a source without a model, use a similar model, or devise your own using the general principles.

Format your list of works cited.

DIRECTORY TO REFERENCE-LIST MODELS

A Sample Reference List in APA Style

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Rise B Axelrod,Charles R Cooper,Martins,Writing