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ISBN 10:0135026458
ISBN 13: 978-0135026458
Author: Barry B.Brey
For introductory-level Microprocessor courses in the departments of Electronic Engineering Technology, Computer Science, or Electrical Engineering.
The INTEL Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit Extensions, 8e provides a comprehensive view of programming and interfacing of the Intel family of Microprocessors from the 8088 through the latest Pentium 4 and Core2 microprocessors. The text is written for students who need to learn about the programming and interfacing of Intel microprocessors, which have gained wide and at times exclusive application in many areas of electronics, communications, and control systems, particularly in desktop computer systems. A major new feature of this eighth edition is an explanation of how to interface C/C++ using Visual C++ Express (a free download from Microsoft) with assembly language for both the older DOS and the Windows environments. Many applications include Visual C++ as a basis for learning assembly language using the inline assembler. Updated sections that detail new events in the fields of microprocessors and microprocessor interfacing have been added. Organized in an orderly and manageable format, this text offers more than 200 programming examples using the Microsoft Macro Assembler program and provides a thorough description of each of the Intel family members, memory systems, and various I/O systems
The Intel Microprocessors 8th Table of contents:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROPROCESSOR AND COMPUTER
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
1–1 A Historical Background
The Mechanical Age
The Electrical Age
Programming Advancements
The Microprocessor Age
The Modern Microprocessor
1–2 The Microprocessor-Based Personal Computer System
The Memory and I/O System
The Microprocessor
1–3 Number Systems
Digits
Positional Notation
Conversion to Decimal
Conversion from Decimal
Binary-Coded Hexadecimal
1–4 Computer Data Formats
ASCII and Unicode Data
BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) Data
Byte-Sized Data
Word-Sized Data
Doubleword-Sized Data
Real Numbers
1–5 Summary
1–6 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 2 THE MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS ARCHITECTURE
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
2–1 Internal Microprocessor Architecture
The Programming Model
Multipurpose Registers
2–2 Real Mode Memory Addressing
Segments and Offsets
Default Segment and Offset Registers
Segment and Offset Addressing Scheme Allows Relocation
2–3 Introduction to Protected Mode Memory Addressing
Selectors and Descriptors
Program-Invisible Registers
2–4 Memory Paging
Paging Registers
The Page Directory and Page Table
2–5 Flat Mode Memory
2–6 Summary
2–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING MODES
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
3–1 Data-Addressing Modes
Register Addressing
Immediate Addressing
Direct Data Addressing
Register Indirect Addressing
Base-Plus-Index Addressing
Register Relative Addressing
Base Relative-Plus-Index Addressing
Scaled-Index Addressing
RIP Relative Addressing
Data Structures
3–2 Program Memory-Addressing Modes
Direct Program Memory Addressing
Relative Program Memory Addressing
Indirect Program Memory Addressing
3–3 Stack Memory-Addressing Modes
3–4 Summary
3–5 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 4 DATA MOVEMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
4–1 MOV Revisited
Machine Language
The 64-Bit Mode for the Pentium 4 and Core2
4–2 PUSH/POP
PUSH
POP
Initializing the Stack
4–3 Load-Effective Address
LEA
LDS, LES, LFS, LGS, and LSS
4–4 String Data Transfers
The Direction Flag
DI and SI
LODS
STOS
MOVS
INS
OUTS
4–5 Miscellaneous Data Transfer Instructions
XCHG
LANF and SAHF
XLAT
IN and OUT
MOVSX and MOVZX
BSWAP
CMOV
4–6 Segment Override Prefix
4–7 Assembler Detail
Directives
Memory Organization
A Sample Program
4–8 Summary
4–9 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 5 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
5–1 Addition, Subtraction, and Comparison
Addition
Subtraction
Comparison
5–2 Multiplication and Division
Multiplication
Division
5–3 BCD and ASCII Arithmetic
BCD Arithmetic
ASCII Arithmetic
5–4 Basic Logic Instructions
AND
OR
Test and Bit Test Instructions
NOT and NEG
5–5 Shift and Rotate
Shift
Rotate
Bit Scan Instructions
5–6 String Comparisons
SCAS
CMPS
5–7 Summary
5–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 6 PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
6–1 The Jump Group
Unconditional Jump (JMP)
Conditional Jumps and Conditional Sets
LOOP
6–2 Controlling the Flow of the Program
WHILE Loops
REPEAT-UNTIL Loops
6–3 Procedures
CALL
RET
6–4 Introduction to Interrupts
Interrupt Vectors
Interrupt Instructions
Interrupt Control
Interrupts in the Personal Computer
64-Bit Mode Interrupts
6–5 Machine Control and Miscellaneous Instructions
Controlling the Carry Flag Bit
WAIT
HLT
NOP
LOCK Prefix
ESC
BOUND
ENTER and LEAVE
6–6 Summary
6–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 7 USING ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE WITH C/C++
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
7–1 Using Assembly Language with C++ for 16-Bit DOS Applications
Basic Rules and Simple Programs
What Cannot Be Used from MASM Inside an_asm Block
Using Character Strings
Using Data Structures
An Example of a Mixed-Language Program
7–2 Using Assembly Language with Visual C/C++ for 32-Bit Applications
An Example that Uses Console I/O to Access the Keyboard and Display
Directly Addressing I/O Ports
Developing a Visual C++ Application for Windows
7–3 Mixed Assembly and C++ Objects
Linking Assembly Language with Visual C++
Adding New Assembly Language Instructions to C/C++ Programs
7–4 Summary
7–5 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 8 PROGRAMMING THE MICROPROCESSOR
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
8–1 Modular Programming
The Assembler and Linker
PUBLIC and EXTRN
Libraries
Macros
8–2 Using the Keyboard and Video Display
Reading the Keyboard
Using the Video Display
Using a Timer in a Program
The Mouse
8–3 Data Conversions
Converting from Binary to ASCII
Converting from ASCII to Binary
Displaying and Reading Hexadecimal Data
Using Lookup Tables for Data Conversions
An Example Program Using a Lookup Table
8–4 Disk Files
Disk Organization
File Names
Sequential Access Files
Random Access Files
8–5 Example Programs
Time/Date Display Program
Numeric Sort Program
Data Encryption
8–6 Summary
8–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 9 8086/8088 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
9–1 Pin-Outs and the Pin Functions
The Pin-Out
Power Supply Requirements
DC Characteristics
Pin Connections
9–2 Clock Generator (8284A)
The 8284A Clock Generator
Operation of the 8284A
9–3 Bus Buffering and Latching
Demultiplexing the Buses
The Buffered System
9–4 Bus Timing
Basic Bus Operation
Timing in General
Read Timing
Write Timing
9–5 Ready and the Wait State
The READY Input
RDY and the 8284A
9–6 Minimum Mode versus Maximum Mode
Minimum Mode Operation
Maximum Mode Operation
The 8288 Bus Controller
Pin Functions
9–7 Summary
9–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 10 MEMORY INTERFACE
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
10–1 Memory Devices
Memory Pin Connections
ROM Memory
Static RAM (SRAM) Devices
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Memory
10–2 Address Decoding
Why Decode Memory?
Simple NAND Gate Decoder
The 3-to-8 Line Decoder (74LS138)
The Dual 2-to-4 Line Decoder (74LS139)
PLD Programmable Decoders
10–3 8088 and 80188 (8-Bit) Memory Interface
Basic 8088/80188 Memory Interface
Interfacing Flash Memory
Error Correction
10–4 8086, 80186, 80286, and 80386SX (16-Bit) Memory Interface
16-Bit Bus Control
10–5 80386DX and 80486 (32-Bit) Memory Interface
Memory Banks
32-Bit Memory Interface
10–6 Pentium through Core2 (64-Bit) Memory Interface
64-Bit Memory Interface
10–7 Dynamic RAM
DRAM Revisited
EDO Memory
SDRAM
DDR
DRAM Controllers
10–8 Summary
10–9 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 11 BASIC I/O INTERFACE
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
11–1 Introduction to I/O Interface
The I/O Instructions
Isolated and Memory-Mapped I/O
Personal Computer I/O Map
Basic Input and Output Interfaces
Handshaking
Notes about Interfacing Circuitry
11–2 I/O Port Address Decoding
Decoding 8-Bit I/O Port Addresses
Decoding 16-Bit I/O Port Addresses
8- and 16-Bit-Wide I/O Ports
32-Bit-Wide I/O Ports
11–3 The Programmable Peripheral Interface
Basic Description of the 82C55
Programming the 82C55
Mode 0 Operation
An LCD Display, Interfaced to the 82C55
Mode 1 Strobed Input
Signal Definitions for Mode 1 Strobed Input
Mode 1 Strobed Output
Signal Definitions for Mode 1 Strobed Output
Mode 2 Bidirectional Operation
Signal Definitions for Bidirectional Mode 2
82C55 Mode Summary
The Serial EEPROM Interface
11–4 8254 Programmable Interval Timer
8254 Functional Description
Pin Definitions
Programming the 8254
DC Motor Speed and Direction Control
11–5 16550 Programmable Communications Interface
Asynchronous Serial Data
16550 Functional Description
16550 Pin Functions
Programming the 16550
11–6 Analog-to-Digital (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog (DAC) Converters
The DAC0830 Digital-to-Analog Converter
The ADC080X Analog-to-Digital Converter
Using the ADC0804 and the DAC0830
11–7 Summary
11–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 12 INTERRUPTS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
12–1 Basic Interrupt Processing
The Purpose of Interrupts
Interrupts
Interrupt Instructions: BOUND, INTO, INT, INT 3, and IRET
The Operation of a Real Mode Interrupt
Operation of a Protected Mode Interrupt
Interrupt Flag Bits
Storing an Interrupt Vector in the Vector Table
12–2 Hardware Interrupts
INTR and INTA
The 82C55 Keyboard Interrupt
12–3 Expanding the Interrupt Structure
Using the 74ALS244 to Expand Interrupts
Daisy-Chained Interrupt
12–4 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller
General Description of the 8259A
Connecting a Single 8259A
Cascading Multiple 8259As
Programming the 8259A
8259A Programming Example
12–5 Interrupt Examples
Real-Time Clock
Interrupt-Processed Keyboard
12–6 Summary
12–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 13 DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS AND DMA-CONTROLLED I/O
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
13–1 Basic DMA Operation
Basic DMA Definitions
13–2 The 8237 DMA Controller
Pin Definitions
Internal Registers
Software Commands
Programming the Address and Count Registers
The 8237 Connected to the 80X86 Microprocessor
Memory-to-Memory Transfer with the 8237
DMA-Processed Printer Interface
13–3 Shared-Bus Operation
Types of Buses Defined
The Bus Arbiter
Pin Definitions
13–4 Disk Memory Systems
Floppy Disk Memory
Pen Drives
Hard Disk Memory
Optical Disk Memory
13–5 Video Displays
Video Signals
The TTL RGB Monitor
The Analog RGB Monitor
13–6 Summary
13–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 14 THE ARITHMETIC COPROCESSOR, MMX, AND SIMD TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
14–1 Data Formats for the Arithmetic Coprocessor
Signed Integers
Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)
Floating-Point
14–2 The 80X87 Architecture
Internal Structure of the 80X87
14–3 Instruction Set
Data Transfer Instructions
Arithmetic Instructions
Comparison Instructions
Transcendental Operations
Constant Operations
Coprocessor Control Instructions
Coprocessor Instructions
14–4 Programming with the Arithmetic Coprocessor
Calculating the Area of a Circle
Finding the Resonant Frequency
Finding the Roots Using the Quadratic Equation
Using a Memory Array to Store Results
Converting a Single-Precision Floating-Point Number to a String
14–5 Introduction to MMX Technology
Data Types
Instruction Set
14–6 Introduction to SSE Technology
Floating-Point Data
The Instruction Set
The Control/Status Register
Programming Examples
Optimization
14–7 Summary
14–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 15 BUS INTERFACE
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
15–1 The ISA Bus
Evolution of the ISA Bus
The 8-Bit ISA Bus Output Interface
The 8-Bit ISA Bus Input Interface
The 16-Bit ISA Bus
15–2 The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus
The PCI Bus Pin-Out
The PCI Address/Data Connections
Configuration Space
BIOS for PCI
PCI Interface
PCI Express Bus
15–3 The Parallel Printer Interface (LPT)
Port Details
Using the Parallel Port Without ECP Support
15–4 The Serial COM Ports
Communication Control
15–5 The Universal Serial Bus (USB)
The Connector
USB Data
USB Commands
The USB Bus Node
Software for the USBN9604/3
15–6 Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
15–7 Summary
15–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 16 THE 80186, 80188, AND 80286 MICROPROCESSORS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
16–1 80186/80188 Architecture
Versions of the 80186/80188
80186 Basic Block Diagram
80186/80188 Basic Features
Pin-Out
DC Operating Characteristics
80186/80188 Timing
16–2 Programming the 80186/80188 Enhancements
Peripheral Control Block
Interrupts in the 80186/80188
Interrupt Controller
Timers
DMA Controller
Chip Selection Unit
16–3 80C188EB Example Interface
16–4 Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
What Is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?
An Example System
A Threaded System
16–5 Introduction to the 80286
Hardware Features
Additional Instructions
The Virtual Memory Machine
16–6 Summary
16–7 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 17 THE 80386 AND 80486 MICROPROCESSORS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
17–1 Introduction to the 80386 Microprocessor
The Memory System
The Input/Output System
Memory and I/O Control Signals
Timing
Wait States
17–2 Special 80386 Registers
Control Registers
Debug and Test Registers
17–3 80386 Memory Management
Descriptors and Selectors
Descriptor Tables
The Task State Segment (TSS)
17–4 Moving to Protected Mode
17–5 Virtual 8086 Mode
17–6 The Memory Paging Mechanism
The Page Directory
The Page Table
17–7 Introduction to the 80486 Microprocessor
Pin-Out of the 80486DX and 80486SX Microprocessors
Pin Definitions
Basic 80486 Architecture
80486 Memory System
17–8 Summary
17–9 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 18 THE PENTIUM AND PENTIUM PRO MICROPROCESSORS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
18–1 Introduction to the Pentium Microprocessor
The Memory System
Input/Output System
System Timing
Branch Prediction Logic
Cache Structure
Superscalar Architecture
18–2 Special Pentium Registers
Control Registers
EFLAG Register
Built-In Self-Test (BIST)
18–3 Pentium Memory Management
Paging Unit
Memory-Management Mode
18–4 New Pentium Instructions
18–5 Introduction to the Pentium Pro Microprocessor
Internal Structure of the Pentium Pro
Pin Connections
The Memory System
Input/Output System
System Timing
18–6 Special Pentium Pro Features
Control Register
18–7 Summary
18–8 Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 19 THE PENTIUM II, PENTIUM III, PENTIUM 4, AND CORE2 MICROPROCESSORS
Introduction/Chapter Objectives
19–1 Introduction to the Pentium II Microprocessor
The Memory System
Input/Output System
System Timing
19–2 Pentium II Software Changes
CPUID Instruction
SYSENTER and SYSEXIT Instructions
FXSAVE and FXRSTOR Instructions
19–3 The Pentium III
Chip Sets
Bus
Pin-Out
19–4 The Pentium 4 and Core2
Memory Interface
Register Set
Hyper-Threading Technology
Multiple Core Technology
CPUID
Model-Specific Registers
Performance-Monitoring Registers
64-Bit Extension Technology
19–5 Summary
19–6 Questions and Problems
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