An Introduction to Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior 1st edition by Adam Prus- Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:049590726X, 9780495907268
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ISBN 10: 049590726X
ISBN 13: 9780495907268
Author: Adam Prus
Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
- Psychopharmacology
- Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology?
- Drugs: Administered Substances That Alter Physiological Functions
- Psychoactive Drugs: Described by Manner of Use
- Generic Names, Trade Names, and Street Names for Drugs
- Drug Effects: Determined by Dose
- Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacogenetics
- Psychoactive Drugs: Objective and Subjective Effects
- Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs
- Experimental Validity: Addressing the Quality and Impact of an Experiment
- Animals and Advancing Medical Research
- A Lack of Feasible Alternatives
- High Predictive Value for Drug Effects in Humans
- Assessing Drugs in Carefully Controlled Laboratory Environments
- The Regulation of Animal Research
- Animal Rights Activism Seeks to Minimize or Eliminate Animal Research
- Researchers Consider Many Ethical Issues When Conducting Human Research
- From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development
Chapter 2: The Nervous System
- Is There More to the Story of Phineas Gage?
- Cells in the Nervous System
- Neuron Communication in the Nervous System
- Glial Cells: Facilitating Nervous System Functions
- The Nervous System: Control of Behavior and Physiological Functions
- The Peripheral Nervous System: Controlling and Responding to Physiological Processes in the Body
- The Central Nervous System: Controlling Behavior
- Blood Flow in the Brain
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- The Blood–Brain Barrier
- The Nervous System: Rapid Development After Fertilization
- Genes and the Development and Physiological Processes of Cells
- Box 2.1: Genetically Modified Organisms
- From Actions to Effects: Glial Scars and Recovery from Brain Injury
Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
- Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Alter Acetylcholine Neurotransmission
- Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters
- Box 3.1: Electrophysiology and Microdialysis
- Nerve Impulses: Electrical Potential Changes in Neurons
- Resting Potential
- Action Potential
- Refractory Periods
- Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons
- Neurotransmitters: Signaling Molecules for Neuronal Communication
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis
- Neurotransmitter Storage
- Calcium Influx and Neurotransmitter Release
- Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors
- Termination of Neurotransmission
- Neurotransmission: Neurotransmitter Binding to Receptors
- Receptors: Ionotropic or Metabotropic
- Different Types of Neurotransmitters and Communication
- Glutamate and GABA Are the Most Abundant Neurotransmitters
- Monoamine Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
- Serotonin
- Acetylcholine
- Neuropeptides: A Large Class of Neurotransmitters
- Nitric Oxide: A Unique Neurotransmitter
- Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System
- Neurotrophins
- Hormones
- From Actions to Effects: Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
- Do Environmental Stimuli Contribute to Heroin Tolerance?
- Pharmacokinetic Properties and Drug Passage Through the Body
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Elimination
- Pharmacodynamics: Describing the Actions of Drugs
- Box 4.1: Radioligand Binding for Measuring Receptor Affinity
- Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors
- Box 4.2: The [35S]GTPγS Binding Assay Assesses G-Protein Activation
- Neurotoxins and Damage to the Nervous System
- Physiological Adaptations to Chronic Drug Use
- From Actions to Effects: Heroin Tolerance and Environmental Factors
Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
- James Olds’s Important Discovery
- Regulatory Agencies and Drug Classification
- Clinical Definitions and the Diagnosis of Drug Addiction
- Theoretical Models and the Features of Drug Addiction
- Disease Model of Drug Addiction
- Associative Learning Principles Used in Addiction Models
- Drive, Opponent-Process Theory, and Incentive-Salience Models of Drug Addiction
- Box 5.1: Self-Administration
- Drugs of Abuse and Reward Circuitry
- Drug Abuse and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems
- Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction
- Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Drug Dependence
Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
- Fleischl and the Neurologist
- Psychostimulants: A Large Variety of Substances
- Psychostimulants: Herbal Remedies, Prescription Drugs, and Substances of Abuse
- Ephedra
- Amphetamines
- Methylphenidate
- Cathinones
- Cocaine
- Instrumental and Recreational Purposes of Psychostimulants
- Psychostimulant Administration
- Routes and Forms of Psychostimulant Administration
- Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters
- Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants
- Physiological Effects
- Behavioral Effects
- Subjective Effects
- Box 6.1: Drug Discrimination
- Adverse Effects
- Psychostimulant Drugs Produce Sensitization and Tolerance
- From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulant Addiction
- Linking Pharmacological Actions to Reinforcing Effects
- Genetics Influence the Susceptibility to Psychostimulant Addiction
- Treatments for Psychostimulant Addiction
Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
- Is Nicotine Not Addictive?
- Nicotine: Key Psychoactive Ingredient in Tobacco
- Discovery of Tobacco
- Pharmacokinetic Properties and Tobacco Use
- Nicotine Absorption Through Lung and Oral Tissues
- Liver Enzyme Differences and the Metabolism of Nicotine
- Nicotine and Nervous System Functioning
- Nicotine’s Potent Pharmacological Effects
- Nicotine’s Effects on Cardiovascular Function and Appetite
- Nicotine Affects Movement and Cognitive Functioning
- Box 7.1: Conditioned Taste Aversion
- Nicotine’s Positive and Negative Subjective Effects
- The Serious Adverse Effects of Tobacco Use
- Nicotine and Psychological Dependence
- Environmental, Genetic, and Receptor Differences Between Light and Heavy Tobacco Users
- From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit
- Caffeine and Related Compounds in Plants
- Caffeine Has an Ancient History
- Caffeine Absorption, Duration, and Interaction with Other Psychoactive Drugs
- Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors
- Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects
- Tolerance and Dependence During Sustained Caffeine Use
- From Actions to Effects: Why People Consume Caffeinated Products
Chapter 8: Alcohol
- “Halfway to Concord” and “Taking Hippocrates’ Grand Elixir”
- Alcohol: The Most Commonly Used Depressant Substance
- Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation
- The History of Alcohol Consumption
- Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol’s Effects
- Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning
- Alcohol and GABAA Receptors
- Glutamate NMDA Receptors and Alcohol’s Pharmacological Effects
- Alcohol: Inhibited Neurotransmission
- Alcohol and Serotonin Receptors
- Alcohol and the Endocannabinoid System
- Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol
- Types of Drinking and Number of Drinks Consumed
- Acute Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functioning
- Alcohol’s Depressive Effects on Behavior and Cognitive Functioning
- Alcohol and Positive Subjective Effects
- Severe Adverse Effects of High BAC
- Chronic Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Adverse Cardiovascular and CNS Effects
- Alcohol: Tolerance and Sensitization
- Alcohol Addiction and Withdrawal
- Psychosocial Interventions, Therapeutic Drugs, and Alcohol Use Disorders
- From Actions to Effects: Hangover
Chapter 9: GHB, Inhalants, and Anesthetics
- Did Ancient Greek Oracles Come from Chemical Inhalants?
- Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
- Uses for GHB
- GHB: Natural and Synthetic
- GHB Pharmacological Action
- GHB’s Depressant Pharmacological Effects
- GHB Overdose and Risk for Addiction
- Box 9.1: Electroencephalography
- Inhalants
- History of Inhalants
- Inhalants: Rapid Absorption and Elimination
- Actions of Inhalable Solvents
- Inhalants: Pharmacological Effects and Interference with Oxygen Intake
- From Actions to Effects: Stimulus Properties of GHB and Toluene
Chapter 10: Opioids
- A “Treatment” for Morphine Addiction?
- Opioids: Natural and Synthetic
- History of Opium Use
- Pharmacokinetic Properties and Opioid Abuse
- Opioid Drug Interactions with the Endogenous Opioid System
- Opioid Drugs: Classification by Receptor Action
- Opioid System Interactions with Reward, Pain, and Stress Systems
- Opioid Reinforcing and Analgesic Effects
- Opioid Receptor Agonists and Reinforcing Effects
- Box 10.1: Conditioned Place Preference
- Opioid Analgesic Effects
- Opioid Drugs and Other Therapeutic Effects
- Opioid Drugs and Respiratory Function
- User Tolerance and Dependence with Chronic Opioid Administration
- From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Addiction
Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
- Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal?
- Historical Use of Cannabis
- Methods of Cannabis Preparation
- Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System
- Cannabinoids and CB1 and CB2 Receptors
- Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids
- Behavioral Effects of Cannabinoids
- Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids
- Cannabinoid Tolerance and Dependence
- Cannabis and Risk of Lung Disease
- From Actions to Effects: Medical Marijuana
Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
- Did Hofmann Take a “Trip”?
- Hallucinogens
- Origins of LSD and Other Hallucinogens
- LSD Ingestion and Effects
- LSD and the Serotonin Neurotransmitter System
- LSD’s Mild Physiological Effects and Profound Hallucinogenic Effects
- Hallucinogens and Flashbacks
- Mixed Stimulant–Psychedelic Drugs
- MDMA Therapeutic and Recreational Use
- MDMA Metabolism and the Length of Psychedelic Drug Effects
- MDMA and Serotonin and Dopamine Neurotransmission
- MDMA’s Psychedelic and Psychostimulant Effects
- Box 12.1: Social Interaction Tests
- MDMA’s Psychostimulant Actions
- MDMA Use in Psychotherapy
- Tolerance and Dependence During Chronic MDMA Use
- Recreational Use of Dissociative Anesthetics
- Development of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, and Dizocilpine
- Absorption and Elimination of Phencyclidine
- Phencyclidine’s Dopamine and Serotonin Neurotransmission
- Dissociative Anesthetics and Glutamate Neurotransmission
- The Anesthetic and Psychedelic Effects of Dissociative Anesthetics
- Dissociative Anesthetics and Schizophrenia-Like Effects
- Tolerance, Dependence, and the Use of Dissociative Anesthetics
- Other Psychedelic Drugs
- From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia
Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
- Did Reserpine Revolutionize the Study of Antidepressant Medications?
- Mental Disorders
- Depression
- The Prevalence of Clinical Depression
- Neuroimaging Techniques and Functioning Differences in Depression
- Antidepressant Drugs and Depression
- Box 13.1: Animal Behavioral Models for Identifying Antidepressant Drugs
- Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development
- Antidepressant Drugs and Monoamine Neurotransmitter Systems
- Bipolar Disorder
- Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder, Mood Stabilizers, and Other Drugs
- From Actions to Effects: Pharmacogenetic Factors and Treatment Response in Depression
Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
- Was Miltown Too Good to Be True?
- DSM Definitions of Anxiety Disorders
- The Amygdala’s Role in Anxiety
- Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
- Stress and the HPA Axis
- Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Drugs and the Treatment of Anxiety
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Anticonvulsant Drugs for Treating Anxiety
- Antidepressant Drugs and the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
- From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety?
- Box 14.1: Animal Models for Screening Anxiety Treatments
Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
- Kraepelin’s Influence in Distinguishing Neurological from Mental Disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Box 15.1: Prepulse Inhibition
- Schizophrenia’s Complex Neurobiological Profile
- A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
- Antipsychotic Drugs and the Treatment of Schizophrenia
- Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
- Typical Antipsychotic Drugs: The First Effective Medications for Schizophrenia
- Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: First-Line Treatments for Schizophrenia
- Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
- Administration Forms for Antipsychotic Drugs
- Box 15.2: Conditioned Avoidance and Catalepsy Measures Distinguish Atypical from Typical Antipsychotic Drugs
- From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Dopamine Neurotransmission
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