Introduction to Genetic Analysis 12th edition by Anthony Griffiths, John Doebley, Catherine Peichel, David Wassarman ISBN 1319114784 978-1319114787

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ISBN 10: 1319114784
ISBN 13: 978-1319114787
Author:  Anthony Griffiths, John Doebley, Catherine Peichel, David Wassarman 

The new 12th edition of Introduction to Genetic Analysis takes this cornerstone textbook to the next level. The hallmark focus on genetic analysis, quantitative problem solving, and experimentation continues in this new edition.

 

The 12th edition also introduces SaplingPlus, the best online resource to teach students the problem solving skills they need to succeed in genetics. SaplingPlus combines Sapling’s acclaimed automatically graded online homework with an extensive suite of engaging multimedia learning resources.

Introduction to Genetic Analysis 12th Table of contents:

Chapter 1: The Genetics Revolution

1.1 The Birth of Genetics

Gregor Mendel—A monk in the garden

Mendel rediscovered

The central dogma of molecular biology

1.2 After Cracking the Code

Model organisms

Tools for genetic analysis

1.3 Genetics Today

From classical genetics to medical genomics

Investigating mutation and disease risk

When rice gets its feet a little too wet

Recent evolution in humans

The complex genetics of color blindness

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

Part 1: Core Principles in Transmission Genetics

Chapter 2: Single-Gene Inheritance

2.1 Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns

Mendel’s pioneering experiments

Mendel’s law of equal segregation

2.2 Genes and Chromosomes

Single-gene inheritance in diploids

Single-gene inheritance in haploids

2.3 The Molecular Basis of Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

Structural differences between alleles at the molecular level

Molecular aspects of gene transmission

Alleles at the molecular level

2.4 Some Genes Discovered by Observing Segregation Ratios

A gene active in the development of flower color

A gene for wing development

A gene for hyphal branching

Predicting progeny proportions or parental genotypes by applying the principles of single-gene inheritance

2.5 Sex-Linked Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns

Sex chromosomes

Sex-linked patterns of inheritance

X-linked inheritance

2.6 Human Pedigree Analysis

Autosomal recessive disorders

Autosomal dominant disorders

Autosomal polymorphisms

X-linked recessive disorders

X-linked dominant disorders

Y-linked inheritance

Calculating risks in pedigree analysis

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Appendix 2-1 Stages of Mitosis

Appendix 2-2 Stages of Meiosis

Chapter 3: Independent Assortment of Genes

3.1 Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

3.2 Working with Independent Assortment

Predicting progeny ratios

Using the chi-square test on monohybrid and dihybrid ratios

Synthesizing pure lines

Hybrid vigor

3.3 The Chromosomal Basis of Independent Assortment

Independent assortment in diploid organisms

Independent assortment in haploid organisms

Recombination

3.4 Polygenic Inheritance

3.5 Organelle Genes: Inheritance Independent of The Nucleus

Patterns of inheritance in organelles

Cytoplasmic segregation

Cytoplasmic mutations in humans

mtDNA in evolutionary studies

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 4: Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

4.1 Diagnostics Of Linkage

Using recombinant frequency to recognize linkage

How crossovers produce recombinants for linked genes

Linkage symbolism and terminology

Evidence that crossing over is a breakage-and-rejoining process

Evidence that crossing over takes place at the four-chromatid stage

Multiple crossovers can include two or more than two chromatids

4.2 Mapping By Recombinant Frequency

Map units

Three-point testcross

Deducing gene order by inspection

Interference

Using ratios as diagnostics

4.3 Mapping with Molecular Markers

4.4 Using the Chi-Square Test to Infer Linkage

4.5 The Molecular Mechanism of Crossing Over

4.6 Using Recombination-Based Maps in Conjunction with Physical Maps

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 5: Gene Interaction

5.1 Interactions Between the Alleles of a Single Gene: Variations on Dominance

Complete dominance and recessiveness

Incomplete dominance

Codominance

Recessive lethal alleles

Penetrance and expressivity

5.2 Interaction of Genes in Pathways

Biosynthetic pathways in Neurospora

Gene interaction in other types of pathways

5.3 Inferring Gene Interactions

Sorting mutants using the complementation test

Analyzing double mutants of random mutations

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 6: The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

6.1 Working with Microorganisms

6.2 Bacterial Conjugation

Discovery of conjugation

Discovery of the fertility factor

Strains

Linear transmission of the genes from a fixed point

Inferring integration sites of and chromosome circularity

Mapping of bacterial chromosomes

Broad-scale chromosome mapping by using time of entry

Fine-scale chromosome mapping by using recombinant frequency

F plasmids that carry genomic fragments

Plasmids

6.3 Bacterial Transformation

The nature of transformation

Chromosome mapping using transformation

6.4 Bacteriophage Genetics

Infection of bacteria by phages

Mapping phage chromosomes by using phage crosses

6.5 Transduction

Discovery of transduction

Generalized transduction

Specialized transduction

Behavior of the prophage

Insertion

Mechanism of specialized transduction

6.6 Physical Maps and Linkage MAPS Compared

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Part 2: Core Principles in Molecular and Developmental Genetics

Chapter 7: DNA: Structure and Replication

7.1 DNA is the Genetic Material

The discovery of bacterial transformation: The Griffith experiment

Evidence DNA that is the genetic material in bacteria: The Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiments

Evidence DNA that is the genetic material in phage: The Hershey–Chase experiment

7.2 DNA Structure

DNA Structure before Watson and Crick

The building blocks of

Chargaff’s rules of base composition

Diffraction analysis of : Rosalind Franklin

The DNA double helix structure: Watson and Crick

7.3 DNA Replication is Semiconservative

Evidence that DNA replication is semiconservative: The Meselson–Stahl experiment

Evidence for a replication fork: The Cairns experiment

7.4 Replication in Bacteria

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Assembling the replisome: replication initiation

DNA Polymerases catalyze chain elongation

DNA Replication is semidiscontinuous

DNA Replication is accurate and rapid

7.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic origins of replication

DNA Replication and the yeast cell cycle

Replication origins in higher eukaryotes

Telomeres and telomerase: Replication termination

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

Chapter 8: RNA: Transcription, Processing, and Decay

8.1 RNA Structure

RNA is the information-carrying intermediate between DNA and proteins

Consequences of the distinct chemical properties of RNA

Classes of RNA

8.2 Transcription and Decay of mRNA in Bacteria

Overview: DNA as transcription template

Stages of transcription

Transcription initiation in bacteria

Transcription elongation in bacteria

Transcription termination in bacteria

mRNA decay in bacteria

8.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes

Transcription initiation in eukaryotes

RNA polymerase I promoters and GTFs

RNA polymerase II promoters and GTFs

RNA polymerase III promoters and GTFs

RNA polymerase II transcription elongation

Transcription termination in eukaryotes

8.4 Processing of mRNA in Eukaryotes

Capping

Polyadenylation

The discovery of splicing

The splicing mechanism

snRNAs in the spliceosome may carry out the catalytic steps of splicing

Alternative splicing can expand the proteome

RNA editing

RNA nucleotide modification

RNA export from the nucleus

8.5 Decay of mRNA in Eukaryotes

mRNA decay mechanisms

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi)

siRNA-mediated RNA decay and transcriptional silencing

RNAi protects the genome from foreign DNA

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

Chapter 9: Proteins and Their Synthesis

9.1 Protein Structure

9.2 The Genetic Code

A degenerate three-letter genetic code specifies the 20 amino acids

The genetic code is nonoverlapping and continuous

Cracking the code

Stop codons

Degeneracy of the genetic code limits the effects of point mutations

9.3 tRNAs and Ribosomes

tRNAs are adaptors

Wobble base pairing allows tRNAs to recognize more than one codon

Ribosome structure and function

9.4 Translation

Translation initiation

Translation elongation

Translation termination

Nonsense suppressor mutations

9.5 Translational and Post-Translational Regulation

Protein folding

Post-translational modification of amino acid side chains

Phosphorylation

Ubiquitination

Protein targeting

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 10: Gene Isolation and Manipulation

10.1 Detecting and Quantifying DNA, RNA, and Protein

Detecting and quantifying molecules by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analysis

Detecting and amplifying DNA by the polymerase chain reaction

10.2 Generating Recombinant DNA

DNA cloning

DNA libraries

Identifying a clone of interest from a genomic or cDNA library

Genomic and cDNA clones are used in different ways

Cloning by PCR

10.3 Sequencing DNA

10.4 Engineering Genomes

Genetic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetic engineering in plants

Genetic engineering in animals

CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 11: Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

11.1 Gene Regulation

The Basics of Bacterial Transcriptional Regulation: Genetic Switches

A First Look at the Lac Regulatory Circuit

11.2 Discovery of the Lac System: Negative Regulation

Genes Controlled Together

Genetic Evidence for the Operator and Repressor

Genetic Evidence for Allostery

Genetic Analysis of the Lac Promoter

Molecular Characterization of the Lac Repressor and the Lac Operator

11.3 Catabolite Repression of the Lac Operon: Positive Regulation

The Basics of Lac Catabolite Repression: Choosing the Best Sugar to Metabolize

The Structures of Target DNA Sites

A Summary of the Lac Operon

11.4 Dual Positive and Negative Regulation: The Arabinose Operon

11.5 Metabolic Pathways and Additional Levels of Regulation: Attenuation

11.6 Bacteriophage life Cycles: More Regulators, Complex Operons

Regulation of the Bacteriophage λ life Cycle

Molecular Anatomy of the Genetic Switch

Sequence-Specific Binding of Regulatory Proteins to DNA

11.7 Alternative Sigma Factors Regulate Large Sets of Genes

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 12 Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes

12.1 Transcription Factors Regulate Transcription

Transcription factors bind distal and proximal enhancers

Transcription factors: lessons from the yeast GAL system

Gal4 binds enhancers called upstream activation sequences

Gal4 domains function independently of one another

Regulation of Gal4

Combinatorial control of transcription: lessons from yeast mating type

12.2 Chromatin Structure

Histones

Nucleosomes

Chromatin folding

12.3 Chromatin Regulates Transcription

Histone modification: a type of chromatin modification

The histone code hypothesis

DNA modification: another type of chromatin modification

Chromatin remodeling

Connecting chromatin structure to transcription: lessons from the interferon‐β gene

12.4 Chromatin in Epigenetic Regulation

Cellular memory

Position-effect variegation

Genomic imprinting

X-chromosome inactivation

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

Chapter 13: The Genetic Control of Development

13.1 The Genetic Approach to Development

13.2 The Genetic Toolkit for Drosophila Development

Classification of genes by developmental function

Homeotic genes and segmental identity

Organization and expression of Hox genes

The homeobox

Clusters of Hox genes control development in most animals

13.3 Defining the Entire Toolkit

The anteroposterior axis

Expression of toolkit genes

13.4 Spatial Regulation of Gene Expression in Development

Maternal gradients and gene activation

Drawing stripes: Integration of gap-protein inputs

Making segments different: integration of inputs

13.5 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression in Development

RNA splicing and sex determination in Drosophila

Regulation of mRNA translation and cell lineage in C. elegans

Translational control in the early embryo

miRNA control of developmental timing in C. elegans and other species

13.6 From Flies to Fingers, Feathers, and Floor Plates: The Many Roles of Individual Toolkit Genes

13.7 Development and Disease

Polydactyly

Holoprosencephaly

Cancer as a developmental disease

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 14: Genomes and Genomics

14.1 The Genomics Revolution

14.2 Obtaining the Sequence of a Genome

Turning sequence reads into an assembled sequence

Whole-genome sequencing

Traditional WGS sequencing

Next-generation WGS sequencing

Whole-genome-sequence assembly

14.3 Bioinformatics: Meaning from Genomic Sequence

The nature of the information content of DNA

Deducing the protein-encoding genes from genomic sequence

14.4 The Structure of the Human Genome

Noncoding functional elements in the genome

14.5 The Comparative Genomics of Humans with other Species

Phylogenetic inference

Of mice and humans

Comparative genomics of chimpanzees and humans

14.6 Comparative Genomics and Human Medicine

The evolutionary history of human disease genes

The exome and personalized genomics

Comparative genomics of nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli

14.7 Functional Genomics and Reverse Genetics

“ ’Omics”

Reverse genetics

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Part 3: Core Principles in Mutation, Variation, and Evolution

Chapter 15: DNA Damage, Repair, and Mutation

15.1 Molecular Consequences of Point Mutations

The types of point mutations

The molecular consequences of a point mutation in an open reading frame

The molecular consequences of a point mutation in a noncoding region

15.2 Molecular Basis of Spontaneous Mutations

Evidence for spontaneous mutations: The Luria and Delbrück fluctuation test

Mechanisms of spontaneous mutations

15.3 Molecular Basis of Induced Mutations

Mechanisms of induced mutagenesis

Identifying mutagens in the environment: The Ames test

15.4 DNA Repair Mechanisms

Direct repair of damaged DNA

Base excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair

Mismatch repair

Translesion synthesis

Repair of double-strand breaks

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

Chapter 16: The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

16.1 Discovery of Transposable Elements in Maize

McClintock’s experiments: the Ds element

Ac (Activator) and Ds (Dissociation) today

Transposable elements: Only in maize?

16.2 Transposable Elements in Bacteria

Evidence for transposable elements in bacteria

Simple and composite transposons

Mechanism of transposition

16.3 Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes

Class 1: retrotransposons

Class 2: DNA transposons

Utility of DNA transposons as tools for genetic research

16.4 The Dynamic Genome: More Transposable Elements Than Ever Imagined

Large genomes are largely transposable elements

Transposable elements in the human genome

Plants: LTR-retrotransposons thrive in large genomes

Safe havens

16.5 Regulation of Transposable Element Movement by the Host

RNAi silencing of transposable elements

Genome surveillance

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 17: Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

17.1 Changes in Chromosome Number

Aberrant euploidy

Aneuploidy

The concept of gene balance

17.2 Changes in Chromosome Structure

Deletions

Duplications

Inversions

Reciprocal translocations

Robertsonian translocations

Applications of inversions and translocations

17.3 Phenotypic Consequences of Chromosomal Changes

Chromosome rearrangements and evolution

Chromosome rearrangements and cancer

Overall incidence of human chromosome mutations

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 18: Population Genetics

18.1 Detecting Genetic Variation

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Microsatellites

Haplotypes

Other sources and forms of variation

18.2 The Gene-Pool Concept and the Hardy–Weinberg Law

18.3 Mating Systems

Assortative mating

Isolation by distance

Inbreeding

The inbreeding coefficient

Population size and inbreeding

18.4 Genetic Variation and its Measurement

18.5 The Modulation of Genetic Variation

New alleles enter the population: mutation and migration

Recombination and linkage disequilibrium

Genetic drift and population size

Selection

Forms of selection

Balance between mutation and drift

Balance between mutation and selection

18.6 Biological and Social Applications

Conservation genetics

Calculating disease risks

DNA forensics

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 19: The Inheritance of Complex Traits

19.1 Measuring Quantitative Variation

Types of traits and inheritance

The mean

The variance

The normal distribution

19.2 A Simple Genetic Model for Quantitative Traits

Genetic and environmental deviations

Genetic and environmental variances

Correlation between variables

19.3 Broad-Sense Heritability: Nature Versus Nurture

Measuring heritability in humans using twin studies

19.4 Narrow-Sense Heritability: Predicting Phenotypes

Gene action and the transmission of genetic variation

The additive and dominance effects

A model with additivity and dominance

Narrow-sense heritability

Predicting offspring phenotypes

Selection on complex traits

19.5 Mapping QTL in Populations With Known Pedigrees

The basic method for QTL mapping

From QTL to gene

19.6 Association Mapping in Random-Mating Populations

The basic method for GWAS

GWA, genes, disease, and heritability

Summary

Key Terms

Solved Problems

Problems

Chapter 20: Evolution of Genes, Traits, and Species

20.1 Evolution by Natural Selection

20.2 Natural Selection in Action: An Exemplary Case

The Selective Advantage of HbS

The Molecular Origins of HbS

20.3 Molecular Evolution

The Development of the Neutral Theory of Evolution

The Rate of Neutral Substitutions

The Signature of Purifying Selection on DNA Sequences

The Signature of Positive Selection on DNA Sequences

20.4 Evolution of Genes and Genomes

Expanding Gene Number

The Fate of Duplicated Genes

The Fate of Duplicated Genomes

20.5 Evolution of Traits

Adaptive Changes in a Pigment-Regulating Protein

Gene Inactivation

Regulatory-Sequence Evolution

Loss of Characters Through Regulatory-Sequence Evolution

Regulatory Evolution in Humans

20.6 Evolution of Species

Species Concepts

Mechanisms of Reproductive Isolation

Genetics of Reproductive Isolation

Summary

Key Terms

Problems

A Brief Guide to Model Organisms

Escherichia Coli

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Neurospora Crassa

Arabidopsis Thaliana

Caenorhabditis Elegans

Drosophila Melanogaster

Mus Musculus

Beyond Model Organisms

Appendix A: Genetic Nomenclature

Appendix B: Bioinformatic Resources for Genetics and Genomics

Glossary

Answers to Selected Problems

Notes

Index

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