An Introduction to Japanese Society 5th Edition by Yoshio Sugimoto 9781108624664 1108624669

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• ISBN 10:1108624669 

• ISBN 13:9781108624664

• Author:Yoshio Sugimoto 

An Introduction to Japanese Society
An Introduction to Japanese Society provides a highly readable introduction to Japanese society by internationally renowned scholar Yoshio Sugimoto. Taking a sociological approach, the text examines the multifaceted nature of contemporary Japanese society with chapters covering class, geographical and generational variation, work, education, gender, ethnicity, religion, popular culture, and the establishment. This edition begins with a new historical introduction placing the sociological analysis of contemporary Japan in context, and includes a new chapter on religion and belief systems. Comprehensively revised to include current research and statistics, the text covers changes to the labor market, evolving conceptions of family and gender, demographic shifts in an aging society, and the emergence of new social movements. Each chapter now contains illustrative case examples, research questions, recommended further readings and useful online resources. Written in a lively and engaging style, An Introduction to Japanese Society remains essential reading for all students of Japanese society. 

An Introduction to Japanese Society 5th Table of contents:

1 Historical backdrop: disintegration and restoration
I Introduction
II Japan as a variable
1 Japan’s external boundaries
2 Internal rivalry
III Ancient times up to the Nara period
IV Heian period: rise and fall of the nobility
V The ascent of the samurai class and the duality of power
VI Disintegration: the Warring States period
1 The ascendancy of daimyo
2 Recentralization and external expansionism
VII Tokugawa: sweeping centralization and national closure
1 Centralization
2 National seclusion
3 Demography and status classification
4 Commoners’ culture
5 Modernity in late Tokugawa Japan
VIII The Meiji Restoration
1 Alliance of strong peripheral domains in the west and the south
2 The end of power duality: the establishment of Tokyo as the capital
3 Rapid catch-up programs from above
4 Land tax reform and the ‘parasite’ landlord class
5 Expansionism and colonization
IX Taishō democracy
X The Fifteen Years’ War
1 The Manchurian Incident
2 The Second Sino-Japanese War
3 The Pacific War
XI Looking ahead
XII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
2 The Japan phenomenon: analysis and understanding
I Introduction
II Sampling and visibility
III Four models for understanding Japan
1 Monocultural model: group orientation and homogeneity
2 Multiethnic model: minority issues
3 Multiclass model: social stratification and inequality
4 Multicultural model
IV Control of ideological capital
V Seven phases of Japan analysis
VI Three areas of deliberation
1 Convergence debate
2 Cultural relativism
(a) Cultural relativism between societies
(b) Cultural relativism within a society
(c) Negative correlation
3 Legitimation of dual codes
VII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
3 Class: stratification and disparity
I Introduction
II From middle-class society to disparity society
III Classification of classes and segments
1 Hashimoto’s model
2 Kikkawa’s model: eight-segment analysis
3 Status inconsistency
4 Postmodernity and upper goods
IV Reproduction of inequality
1 Inheritance of financial and property assets
2 Socialization and marriage
V Debate and caution about the kakusa shakai thesis
VI Japanese emic concepts of class
VII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
4 Generations and geography: variations in an aging society
I Introduction
II A rapidly aging society
1 Prolonged life expectancy
2 Declining birth rate
3 Pressure on the welfare structure
III Generational variations
1 The wartime generation
2 The postwar generation
3 The prosperity generation
4 The global generation
IV Geographical variations
1 Japan as a conglomerate of subnations
2 Eastern versus western Japan
3 Center versus periphery
4 Ideological centralization
V Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
5 Work: ‘Japanese-style’ management and cultural capitalism
I Introduction
II Small businesses: evolving bedrock of the economy
1 Small businesses as numerical majority
2 Plurality of small businesses
(a) Medium-sized subsidiaries in keiretsu networks
(b) Low-level subcontractors under keiretsu control
(c) Venture and maverick businesses
(d) Independent small proprietors
III Large companies: ‘Japanese-style’ management in transition
1 Firm-based internal labor markets
2 Manipulative definition of employee ability
3 The family metaphor as a socialization device
IV Social costs of ‘Japanese’ work style
1 Excessive hours of work
2 Karoshi
3 Tanshin funin
V Job market rationalization
1 Casualization of labor
2 Performance-based model
VI Cultural capitalism: an emerging megatrend
VII Enterprise unionism and labor movements
1 Decline and skewing in union membership
2 Capital-labor cooperation
VIII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
6 Education: diversity and unity
I Introduction
II Demography and stratification
1 Two paths of schooling: academic and vocational
2 The ideology of educational credentialism
3 The commercialization of education
4 School–business interactions
5 Articulation of class lines
(a) Class ecology of schools
(b) Family socialization
(c) School culture
(d) Patterns in prestigious universities
III State control of education
1 Textbook authorization
2 Curriculum guidelines
3 Conformist patterns of socialization
(a) Disciplinarian ethics
(b) Psychological integration
(c) Checkups and attitudinal correctness
(d) Moral emphasis
IV Regimentation and its costs
1 Excessive teacher control
(a) Corporal punishment
(b) School regulations
2 Costs of regulatory education
(a) Ijime and school violence
(b) Hikikomori
V Continuity and change in university life
VI English: means of status attainment?
VII Competing educational orientations
1 Market-oriented neoliberals
2 Regulatory pluralists
3 Anti-government democrats
4 Developmental conservatives
VIII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
7 Gender and family: challenges to ideology
I Introduction
II The household registration system and ie ideology
1 Household head
2 Children born out of wedlock
3 Deterrence to divorce
4 Surname after marriage
5 Family tomb
6 Seki and ie
III The labor market and women’s employment profiles
1 The flattening M-shaped curve
2 The two-tier structure of the internal market
3 Four types of married women
(a) Part-time workers and part-time housewives
(b) Career women
(c) Full-time housewives
(d) Networkers
IV Control of the female body
1 Contraception and abortion
2 Domestic violence
3 Sexual harassment
V Marriage and divorce
VI Types of households
1 Spread of single-person households
2 Nuclear family patterns
3 Decline in extended families
4 Schematic summary of the family
VII Gender and sexual diversity
VIII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
8 Ethnicity and Japaneseness: defining the nation
I Introduction
II Japanese ethnocentrism
III Indigenous Ainu
IV Buraku liberation issues
V Zainichi Koreans
1 Nationality and name issues
2 Generational change and internal diversity
(a) Fatherland orientation
(b) Individualistic orientation
(c) Multicultural orientation
(d) Assimilation orientation
3 Advancement and backlash
VI Immigrant workers
VII Deconstructing the Japanese
VIII Problems and pitfalls
IX Japan beyond Japan
X Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
9 The establishment: competition and collusion
I Introduction
II The three-way deadlock
III The dominance of the public bureaucracy
1 Regulatory control
2 Amakudari
3 Administrative guidance
IV Two competing political economies
1 The business community’s push for deregulation
2 Privatization of public enterprises
3 Globalism versus nationalism
V Interest groups in support of the LDP
VI The challenges of reforming political culture
1 Heavy reliance on the bureaucracy
2 Money politics and its social basis
3 Local politics against the national bureaucracy
(a) Project implementation
(b) Routine lobbying
(c) Interregional competition
VII The case of Fukushima: collusive center and civil defiance
1 TEPCO and the nuclear village
2 Manipulation of hardship on the periphery
3 Division in the business and civil communities
VIII The history war
IX The media establishment
1 A high degree of centralization
2 Similarities with other large corporations
3 Institutional linkage with the establishment
X Five rifts in the elite structure
XI Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
10 Religion: belief and secularization
I Introduction
II Traditional religions
1 Shinto
2 Buddhism
3 Christianity
III New religions
1 The expansion of new religions
2 Spirituality movements
IV Aspects of this-worldliness
1 Worshippers’ earthly expectations
2 Religion as business
3 Religion and the state
V Revitalization amid secularization
VI Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
11 Culture: the popular and the cool
I Introduction
II The two dualities of Japanese culture
1 Elite versus popular culture
2 Traditional versus imported culture
III Mass culture
1 Entertainment media
(a) Television and radio
(b) The tabloid press and weekly magazines
2 Cost-effective diversions
(a) Pachinko
(b) Karaoke
3 Cross-status cultural consumption
IV Folk culture
1 Local festivals as occasions of hare
2 Regional variation of folk culture
3 Marginal art
V Alternative culture
1 Mini-communication media and online papers
2 Countercultural events and performances
3 Communes and the natural economy
VI The political economy of Cool Japan
1 Manga: groundwork for Cool Japan
2 Cool Japan as commercial market
3 Cool Japan abroad
4 Producers and consumers
(a) Labor conditions of production
(b) Otaku: significant consumers
5 Promise or illusion?
(a) Japan literacy
(b) Soft power
6 Counterculture or postmodern Nihonjinron?
VII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
12 Civil society: activism and friendly authoritarianism
I Introduction
II The fragmentation of social relations
III Post-Fukushima protest movements
1 Demonstrations on the streets
2 Characteristics of participants
3 Social segment effects
(a) Unstructured organization
(b) Empowerment: process over outcomes
(c) Expansion of internet-based social capital
(d) Tabular recapitulation
IV Volunteers, NPOs, NGOs, and resident movements
1 Volunteers
2 NPOs and NGOs
3 The prevalence of resident movements
4 Three-dimensional typology
5 Interest groups
V Seikatsusha as an emic concept of citizens
VI Friendly authoritarianism
1 Mutual surveillance within small groups
2 Visible and tangible power
3 Manipulation of ambiguity
4 Moralizing and mind correctness
(a) Physical correctness
(b) Emotive moralizing
(c) A community of sanctions
(d) Ideology of egalitarian competition
VII Conclusion
Research questions
Further readings
Online resources
References
Index

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