Introduction to Research in the Health Sciences 6th Edition by Stephen Polgar,Shane Thomas – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:9780702046698, 0702046698
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ISBN 10: 0702046698
ISBN 13:9780702046698
Author:Stephen Polgar,Shane Thomas
This popular textbook provides a concise, but comprehensive, overview of health research as an integrated, problem-solving process. It bridges the gap between health research methods and evidence-based clinical practice, making it an essential tool for students embarking on research. Practitioners also benefit from guidance on interpreting the ever-expanding published research in clinical and scientific journals, to ensure their practice is up to date and evidence-based and to help patients understand information obtained online.
- Uses simple language and demystifies research jargon
- Covers both quantitative and qualitative research methodology, taking a very practical approach
- Gives examples directly related to the health sciences
- Each chapter contains a self-assessment test so that the reader can be sure they know all the important points
- Provides an extensive glossary for better understanding of the language of research
Online interactive self-assessment tests:
- Multiple choice questions
- True or false questions
- Short answer questions
Introduction to Research in the Health Sciences 6th Table of contents:
Section I: Methodological foundations of health research
Introduction
Chapter 1: Foundations of health research
Introduction
Knowledge and methods
The scientific method
Positivist paradigm
Post-positivist paradigms
Pragmatism: the combined use of quantitative and qualitative methods
Summary
Chapter 2: Quantitative and qualitative methods
Introduction
The social construction of reality
Contrasting qualitative and quantitative methods
The integration of quantitative and qualitative methods
Summary
Chapter 3: The research process
Introduction
Sequential steps of the research process
The structure of a research paper
The style of research publications
The publication process
Research and evidence-based health care
Summary
Section 2: Research planning
Introduction
Chapter 4: The formulation of research questions
Introduction
Identifying research problems
Literature reviews and research
Formulating the research question
Methodological considerations
Ethical issues and procedures
Aims and hypotheses
Research proposals
Summary
Chapter 5: Sampling methods and external validity
Introduction
What is sampled in a study
Basic issues in sampling
Representative samples
Sample size
Sampling issues in qualitative research
Purposive sampling
External validity and sampling
Summary
Chapter 6: Ethics
Introduction
Philosophical principles
Resources
Summary
Section 3: Research designs
Introduction
Chapter 7: Experimental designs and randomized controlled trials
Introduction
The concept of causality
Confounding and bias in research studies
The use of control groups in applied health research
Assignment of participants into groups
Types of experimental designs
Randomized controlled trials
Controlled research involving human participants
The external validity of experiments and RCTs
Summary
Chapter 8: Surveys and quasi-experimental designs
Introduction
Non-experimental research designs
Surveys
Epidemiology
Designs for comparing groups
Quasi-experimental designs
The internal and external validity of naturalistic designs
Summary
Chapter 9: Single case (n = 1) designs
Introduction
AB designs
ABAB designs
Multiple baseline designs
Interpretation of the results for n = 1 designs
The validity of n = 1 designs
Summary
Chapter 10: Qualitative research
Introduction
Research problems and questions
Approaches to qualitative research
What defines qualitative research?
An example of qualitative research
Summary
Section 4: Data collection
Introduction
Chapter 11:Questionnaires
Introduction
Questionnaire construction
Questions and questionnaire formats
The overall structure of questionnaires
Summary
Chapter 12: Interviewing techniques
Introduction
Interviewing models
Methods of conducting interviews
The interview process
Methods of recording interview information
The analysis of interview data
Summary
Chapter 13: Observation
Introduction
Overview of different approaches to observation
Observer roles
Observation in qualitative research
Observation in quantitative research
Summary
Chapter 14: Measurement
Introduction
Operational definitions and measurement
Objective and subjective measures
Desirable properties of measurement tools and procedures
Standardized measures and tests
What makes a good test?
Measurement scale types
Levels of measurement
Summary
Section 5: Descriptive statistics
Introduction
Chapter 15: Organization and presentation of data
Introduction
The organization and presentation of nominal or ordinal data
Organization and presentation of interval or ratio data
Descriptive statistics for discontinuous data
Summary
Chapter 16: Measures of central tendency and variability
Introduction
Measures of central tendency
Comparison of the mode, median and mean
Measures of variability
Summary
Chapter 17: Standard scores and normal distributions
Introduction
Standard scores (z scores)
Normal distributions
Calculations of areas under the normal curve
Standard normal curves for the comparison of distributions
Summary
Chapter 18: Correlation
Introduction
Correlation
Correlation coefficients
Uses of correlations in the health sciences
Correlation and causation
Summary
Section 6: Data analysis and inference
Introduction
Chapter 19: Probability and confidence intervals
Introduction
Probability
Sampling distributions
Sampling distribution of the mean
Calculating confidence intervals
Confidence intervals using the t distribution
Confidence intervals in health research
Summary
Chapter 20: Hypothesis testing: selection and use of statistical tests
Introduction
The logic of hypothesis testing
Steps in hypothesis testing
Illustrations of hypothesis testing
The relationship between descriptive and inferential statistics
Selection of the appropriate inferential test
The χ2 test
χ2 and contingency tables
Statistical packages
Summary
Chapter 21: Effect size and the interpretation of evidence
Introduction
Effect size
Confidence intervals and effect size
How to optimize statistical inferences
How to interpret null (non-significant) results
Statistical power analysis
Clinical decision-making
Overview of conducting data analysis
Summary
Chapter 22: Qualitative data analysis
Introduction
Understanding meaning in everyday life
Coding qualitative data
Content analysis
Thematic analysis, ‘verstehen’ and grounded theory
Interpretation and social context
The accuracy of qualitative data analysis
Summary
Section 7: Evaluation and dissemination of research results
Introduction
Chapter 23: Critical evaluation of published research
Introduction
Guidelines for critical appraisal of research publications
Critical evaluation of the introduction in a research paper
Critical evaluation of the methods section in a research paper
Critical evaluation of the results section in a research paper
Critical evaluation of the discussion section in a research paper
Summary
Chapter 24: Synthesis: systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Introduction
Basic principles
Narrative reviews of research evidence
Systematic reviews
Meta-analysis
Validity of systematic reviews
The Cochrane Collaboration
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